Performance Analysis of Plant Shells/PVC Composites under Corrosion and Aging Conditions

To make full use of plant shellfibers(rice husk,walnut shell,chestnut shell),three kinds of wood-plastic com-posites of plant shellfibers and polyvinyl chloride(PVC)were prepared.X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out on three kinds of plant shellfibers to test their crystallinity.The aging process of the composites was conducted under 2 different conditions.One was artificial seawater immersion and xenon lamp irradiation,and the other one was deionized water spray and xenon lamp irradiation.The mechanical properties(tensile strength,flexural strength,impact strength),changes in color,water absorption,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and microstructures of the composites before and after the two aging experiments were analyzed.The results showed that the chestnut shell had the highest crystallinity,which was 42%.The chestnut shell/PVC composites had the strongest interface bonding,the least internal defects,and the best general mechanical properties among the three composites.Its tensile strength,bending strength and impact strength were 23.81 MPa,34.12 MPa,and 4.32 KJ·m^(-2),respectively.Comparing the two aging conditions,artificial seawater immersion and xenon lamp irradiation destroyed the quality of the combination of plant shellfibers and PVC,making the internal defects of the composites increase.This made the water absorption ability and changes in the color of the composites more obvious and led to a great decrease in the mechanical properties.The general mechanical properties of the chestnut shell/PVC composites were the best,but their water absorption ability changed more obviously.

Nanolignin,a Coupling Bio-Agent for Wood-Plastic Composites

The influence of nanolignin coupling bio-agent on some characteristics of polypropylene-wood flour composites was studied.Thus,nanolignin was prepared by the acidic method,and then different ratios of it(0,1,3 and 5 wt%)were added to a polypropylene-wood flour mixture.After mechanically mixing wood flour,nanolignin,and polypropylene,the mixture was injection molded.ASTM methods were used to measure the structural properties of nanolignin,and prepared composites’water absorption,thickness swelling,bending modulus,and bending,tensile and impact strengths.Transforming the original lignin to nanolignin did not change the chemical bonds of the material.The addition of nanolignin yielded improved mechanical and physical properties of the composites prepared.Higher strength and dimensional stability are presented by nanolignin-containing composites when comparing them with those prepared with normal lignin.Nanolignin was shown by SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope)observation to be uniformly dispersed within the polymer matrix.Wood polymer composites(WPCs)with nanolignin exhibited comparable properties with the control samples prepared using maleic anhydride polypropylene(MAPP).

Preliminary study of the effects of EVA coupling agents on properties of wood-plastic composites

As a hot-melt adhesive, ethylene-vinyl-acetate （EVA） has been used in many industrial applications. But studies of the application of EVA in wood-plastic composites （WPC） are relatively few, so we have investigated the proposition of whether EVA is a suitable coupling agent for WPC or not. The results show that EVA with 8% VA is not a suitable coupling agent, because it reduces the mechanical properties of WPC without any significant effect on its physical properties. With an increase in the amount of wood powder, the mechanical properties of WPC decrease and the ability of water absorption of WPC increases.

Chemical characterization of smoke from the production process of wood-plastic composites

The chemical composition of unpleasant smell, emitted from the production process of wood-plastic composites using Manchurian ash sawdust （Fraxinus mandschurica Rupr.） and polypropylene powder as the raw material, was investigated. Wood sawdust and polypropylene powder were subjected to heat treatment to 290℃ during 8 min （the conditions were similar to those employed on an industrial scale）. The emitted compounds were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The analytical results showed that the unpleasant smell was emitted from the pyrogenation of wood sawdust rather than from the polypropylene powder. Nine types of compounds （hydrocarbons, ethers, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, acids and their derivatives, furan and its derivatives, and nitrogen-containing compounds） were collected in the gas phase during heating. Among those 126 components detected by GC-MS, 112 compounds were identified.

CFRP-PVC管内置螺旋筋混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

聚氯乙烯(PVC耐腐蚀)、碳纤维(CFRP轻质高强)和螺旋筋(强塑性)进行组合可以使材料特性充分互补从而为混凝土提供约束,有效改善钢筋混凝土的力学性能。为研究CFRP-PVC管内置螺旋筋混凝土柱的抗震性能,以螺旋筋直径、螺旋筋间距和剪跨比为变化参数,完成9个试件的低周反复加载试验。结果表明:绝大部分试件发生了CFRP-PVC复合管断裂的压弯破坏,螺旋筋在达到极限荷载后在受压区提供明显约束作用,从而提高抗震性能;所有试件破坏延性在2.76~4.35之间,极限层间位移角均大于1/30,满足规范要求;螺旋箍筋直径的减小、螺旋筋间距的增加和剪跨比的增大均使试件的抗剪承载力和延性降低,但对刚度退化影响不大。基于ABAQUS软件建立的精细有限元模型能较准确地预测CFRP-PVC螺旋筋复合约束混凝土柱在恒定轴力和反复水平力下的承载力和内部混凝土开裂行为,参数分析表明:轴压比、混凝土强度显著影响试件的承载力和变形能力,纵筋强度和直径对试件承载力和屈服后的刚度影响较大,并提出混凝土强度与轴压比限值的匹配关系。所提出的压弯承载力计算方法在较低轴压比和使用普通强度等级混凝土时具有良好的适用性。

Effect of fly ash content and grit size on mechanical and tribological properties of PVC composites

The polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites containing fly ash of various grit sizes and contents were prepared by hot pressing. The hardness, impact strength of the composites were measured, and their friction and wear properties under dry and water lubrication sliding against quenched AISI-1045 steel were evaluated on an MM-200 tester. The fractograph of impact specimens, worn surfaces of the composites and their transfer films on the counterpart steel surfaces were observed with a scanning electron microscope and an optical microscope. Experimental results show that the composites containing 50% 74147μm fly ash have the highest hardness, highest impact strength and smallest wear rate. The wear rate of the composite is reduced by over two orders of magnitude. However, the composite containing over 50% fly ash has decreased wear-resistance, which is attributed to the weakened interaction between the filler and the polymer matrix in the presence of inadequate polymer matrix. The improved wear-resistance of the composite under dry sliding against the steel is attributed to the formation of the composite transfer film thereon.

Mechanical Properties and Dimensional Stability of Rigid PVC Foam Composites Filled with High Aspect Ratio Phlogopite Mica

High aspect ratio Phlogopite mica was used to enhance the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of extruded rigid Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) foam. Mica was added to rigid PVC compound at different concentrations (0 - 20 wt%) and processed using a single screw profile extruder. PVC foam-Mica composites were characterized for their dimensional stability, and structural, thermal, and mechanical properties. Experimental results showed that the dimensional stability increased by 44% and heat resistance of the samples improved as the amount of mica increased in the composites. The storage modulus and tensile strength of the composites were also enhanced with the addition of mica. However, increasing the concentration of mica had no significant effect on the impact and flexural properties of the composites. SEM micrographs show good dispersion and orientation of the mica flakes along the cell walls of the PVC foam. Overall, the platy structure and physical properties of mica seemed to have played an important role in providing good interfacial bonding with the cell membranes of the foam, thus enhancing the dimensional stability of the PVC- Mica foam composites.

功能化PVC/PET柔性复合材料的性能研究

本研究采用聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚酯纤维(PET)作为原料,通过热压贴合工艺制得了PVC/PET柔性复合材料。在PVC涂层膜中添加不同的阻燃剂和抗紫外剂,发现氧化锑-硼酸锌协同作用的阻燃体系表现出良好的阻燃效果,当添加5 phr时,可将涂层布的极限氧指数提高至28.7%。此外,该阻燃体系还具有抑制烟雾生成的效果,使烟密度降低了35.2%。在抗紫外方面,抗紫外剂UV-531的效果与UV-234效果相当,但在抗热迁出方面表现更加优异,因此选择UV-531作为PVC/PET柔性复合材料的抗紫外剂。在涂层膜和基布复合时,添加3.0 g/m2的胶黏剂可将材料的剥离强度提高至28.89 N/5 cm,同时不影响其他性能,从而延长PVC/PET柔性复合材料的使用寿命。

BFRP条带-PVC管材复合加固纤维再生混凝土短柱轴压性能

为了研究BFRP条带-PVC管材复合加固纤维再生混凝土短柱的轴心抗压性能,对13组再生混凝土短柱进行了轴压试验和理论分析。主要研究变量为BFRP条带层数(0层、1层、3层)、BFRP间距(25 mm、37.5 mm和50 mm)和加固方式(无侧向约束、BFRP条带加固和BFRP条带-PVC管材复合加固)。研究结果表明:BFRP条带-PVC管复合加固不仅可以提高试件的极限承载力,还可以改善纤维再生混凝土短柱的破坏形态。在应力-应变曲线的非线性强化阶段,加固方式对试件刚度的影响更为显著。随着BFRP包裹量的增加,试件的峰值应力和极限应变均明显增加。依据试验数据建立的软化段的应力-应变计算模型具有较好的适用性。

CFRP-PVC管约束珊瑚海水海砂混凝土柱轴压性能试验研究及有限元分析

为研究碳纤维增强聚合物-聚氯乙烯复合管(CFRP-PVC)约束珊瑚海水海砂混凝土(CSSC)柱的轴心受压性能,对6个试件进行轴心受压加载试验和有限元参数分析,重点研究了PVC管内、外表面CFRP层数和脱空缺陷对该组合柱轴压性能的影响。结果表明,CFRP-PVC管可以有效约束CSSC,使其处于三轴受压状态,当内、外壁均粘贴CFRP时可以有效减缓突然破坏的特征。相同情况下,管内壁粘贴1层CFRP时具有更好的延性和承载力,管外壁粘贴2层CFRP时约束应力提高系数高达121.5%,脱空缺陷仅对延性有显著影响。基于ABAQUS软件建立了CFRP-PVC约束CSSC柱有限元模型,准确还原了组合柱在轴向荷载作用下的破坏过程和CFRP损伤形态。当组合柱套箍系数小于0.3或长径比大于14.54时,荷载-位移曲线会失去强化段,提高外层CFRP层数会小幅提高强化段刚度。提出了适用于CFRP-PVC约束CSSC的承载力计算方法,误差为1.2%。

Characterization of PZT/PVC Composites Added with Carbon Black

A new three-phase PZT C/PVC composite comprising PZT（50 vol%）,nanocrystalline PVC （50 vol%） and a small volume fraction f of black（C0was prepared by the hot-pressing technique.The dielectric property of the composite as α function of the frequency and the dielectric and piezoelectric properties as α function of the volume fraction f of C were studied.The measured dielectric property demonstrates that α percolation transition occurs in the three-phase composites as in normal two-phase metal-insulator continuum media.The dielectric constant varies slightly with f at f〈0.1 and increases rapidly when f is close to the percolation threshold at 1kHz.The optimum properties were obtained for f=0.5 before the percolation threshold in the PZT/C/PVC（50/f/（50-f）vol%）composite with its d33（20pC/N） being 50% higher than that of the PZT/PVC（50/50vol%）,and its g33（47.23×10^-3Vm/N）and Kp（0.25） much higher than the earlier reported values,XRD patterns and P-E hysteresis loops were used to interpret the experimental results.

Mica Filled PVC Composites: Performance Enhancement in Dielectric and Mechanical Properties with Treated/Untreated Mica of Different Particle Size and Different Concentration

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) of different grades is the second most commonly used polymer for fabrication of electric cables and wires after polyethylene. Cables of domestic and industrial use of various capacities are fabricated using different compounds of PVC. Mica is useful particulate filler extensively used to enhance the performance of many polymeric materials. It surface resistance and arc resistance improving its mechanical properties. In the present research work mica filled PVC composites of different concentrations were prepared using untreated and surface treated water ground mica of different particle size. Mica filled PVC composites were compounded for various compositions and test samples were prepared using compression moulding process. These samples were tested for electrical insulation and mechanical properties. The results shows enhancement in dielectric properties with improvement in Young’s modulus, stiffness, reduction in elongation at break and slight increase in shore D hardness of composites. Scanning electron microscopy was used to test the morphology of the samples which has shown proper distributions and adhesion of the filler mica in PVC matrix. There was some effect of surface treatment of mica on its mechanical and dielectric properties of the composite.

The Potential of Silane Coated Calcium Carbonate on Mechanical Properties of Rigid PVC Composites for Pipe Manufacturing

The inclusion of CaCO3 and kaolin in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymer matrices greatly enhances the physical and mechanical properties of the composite. In this study, the effects of kaolin and surface treatment of CaCO3 and kaolin particles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of PVC composites filled with kaolin particles via melt blending method were studied by means of SEM, tensile, Charpy impact testing, and FTIR. Treated and untreated kao-lin particles were dispersed in matrices of PVC resin at different concentrations up to 30 wt percentage. The tensile strength, elastic modulus, strain to failure and morphology of the resulting composites were measured for various filler loadings. Uniform dispersion of the fillers into the matrix proved to be a critical factor. SEM images revealed that small sized particles were more agglomerated than micron-sized particles and the amount of agglomerates increased with increasing particle content. Silane treated Kaolin-CaCO3/PVC composites had superior tensile and impact strengths to untreated kaolin-CaCO3/PVC composites. The Young’s modulus of all composites increased with increasing particle content up to maximum at 10% filler loading followed by gradually decreasing as content increased.

一种高速高效PVC-U管材生产工艺

介绍了一种高速高效的PVC-U管材生产工艺。通过优化和改进加热单元、扩口系统及相应的冷却系统等相关技术,开发了PVC-U管材关键生产技术的工艺和设备,解决了工艺开发和设计过程中影响管材生产速度和性能的难题,实现了PVC-U管材高速、高效、连续、稳定生产的目的。

PVC和NS复合改性沥青高温流变性能评价

为探究聚氯乙烯(PVC)和纳米二氧化硅(NS)对沥青高温流变性能的影响,文中通过基本物理性能试验、温度扫描试验和多重应力蠕变回复试验进行测试。结果表明PVC和NS的加入可提高沥青的粘度和稠度,降低温度敏感性,但PVC对低温性能有明显劣化影响。此外,改性剂的加入可提高沥青的高温流变性能,提升高温抗永久变形能力,延缓车辙病害的发生。

Mechanical Properties of Composite Mortars Using Flurogypsum and PVC Particles

The present work describes the viability of a mortar binder based on two industrial by-products: poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) particles from scrap and anhydrite (CaSO4) from fluorgypsum. Mortar composites were made incorporating different amounts of PVC particles and cured at constant room temperature during various periods of time. From X-ray diffraction, it was possible to follow the hydration process and to estimate the effect of the PVC particles on anhydrite transformation to gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O). Compressive strength from uniaxial testing was measured from stress-strain curves carried out at room temperature. According to these results, the hydration rates of the composites depend on the concentration of PVC particles and there is an enhancement in their compressive strength as particle content increases, reaching values of 36 MPa after 28 days.

Property changes of wood-fiber/HDPE composites colored by iron oxide pigments after accelerated UV weathering

Four kinds of iron oxide pigments were added into wood-fiber/high-density-polyethylene composites （WF/HDPE） at three different concentrations, to determine the effects of pigments on the changes in the color and mechanical properties of the composites before and after UV accelerated weathering. HDPE, wood fibers, pigments and other processing additives were dry-mixed in a high-speed mixer. The mixtures were extruded by two-step extrusion process with a self-designed twin-screw/single-screw extruder system. Color of the samples was determined according to CIE 1976 L^＊a^＊b^＊ system by a spec- trophotometer and the bending properties were tested to evaluate the mechanical properties before and after accelerated UV weathering. The result shows that the modulus of elasticity of WF/HDPE did not obvi- ously changed after incorporating with the pigments, but the bending strength increased. After accelerated aging for 2000 h, both color and mechanical properties significantly changed. Iron oxide red and black performed better than the other two pigments, and the pigments dosage of 2.28% in the composites is favourable.

PVC-CFRP管混凝土柱-RC环梁十字形节点滞回特性数值模拟研究

在试验研究基础上,选择合适的材料本构关系,采用纤维模型法,对低周反复荷载作用下PVC-CFRP管混凝土柱-钢筋混凝土环梁节点的荷载-位移及弯矩-曲率骨架曲线进行全过程分析。在验证模型准确性的基础上,研究核心区混凝土强度、环梁高度、柱直径和梁纵筋配筋率对试件骨架曲线的影响规律。结果表明,随着环梁高度、柱直径和梁纵筋配筋率的增加,试件的承载力和延性增大。随着核心区混凝土强度的增加,节点的承载力提高而延性有所降低。基于试验与数值模拟的分析结果,考虑环梁节点经济性与合理性,建议节点区混凝土强度不宜超过C60,环梁高度宜取340~440 mm,环梁宽度与柱直径的比值宜控制在0.33~0.50之间。

The properties of flax fiber reinforced wood flour/high density polyethylene composites

Flax fiber(FF) was used to reinforce wood flour/high density polyethylene composites(WF/PE).WF/PE particles were uniformly mixed with FF via high-speed mixing and then extruded with a single screw extruder to prepare FF reinforced WF/PE composites(FF/WF/PE).Mechanical testing,dynamic mechanical analysis,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),creep measurement and Torque rheology were used to characterize the resulting composites.The results indicate that the mechanical performance of the composites could be remarkably improved by adding a limited amount of FF.The flexural strength and modulus increased by 14.6 and 51.4%,respectively(FF content of 9 wt%),while the unnotched impact strength could be increased by 26.5%(FF content of12 wt%).The creep resistance and toughness of thecomposite was markedly improved without changing the plastic content of the composite material.

Novel Phosphate-sensitive Fluorescent Composite Matrix

Via several techniques to modify sensitive matrix for inhabiting the leakage of fluorescent indicator, a new stable sensing material for monitoring phosphates has been prepared and applied to the measurement of phosphates in artificial seawater. It is based on the reaction of PO 3- 4 with Al(Ⅲ) Morin that leads to the fluorescence quenching of the composite matrix. At pH value 4 0 and the salinity value 25 0, the response time of output signal having reached the steady state is less than 300 seconds. Its calibration graph is gained in the range of H 2PO - 4 mass concentration from 1 50 to 7 00 μg/mL with the limit of detection(3 σ/K ) 0 02 μg/mL. When it was used to measure phosphates in artificial seawater, the recovery ranged from 96 78% to 102 09%. Being stored under the proper condition, the membranes maintain sensitive for 90-120 days, and are able to be used for 50-80 times with indicator supplement.