Seismic performance evaluation of water supply pipes installed in a full-scale RC frame structure based on a shaking table test

As an important part of nonstructural components,the seismic response of indoor water supply pipes deserves much attention.This paper presents shaking table test research on water supply pipes installed in a full-scale reinforced concrete(RC)frame structure.Different material pipes and different methods for penetrating the reinforced concrete floors are combined to evaluate the difference in seismic performance.Floor response spectra and pipe acceleration amplification factors based on test data are discussed and compared with code provisions.A seismic fragility study of displacement demand is conducted based on numerical simulation.The acceleration response and displacement response of different combinations are compared.The results show that the combination of different pipe materials and different passing-through methods can cause obvious differences in the seismic response of indoor riser pipes.

Analysis of Municipal Water Supply and Drainage Pipe Design Technology

The quality and safety of residents’water rely heavily on the design of municipal water supply and drainage pipes.Therefore,this paper aims to enhance the optimization of municipal water supply and drainage pipe design by focusing on design requirements,principles,and key elements.Drawing from relevant design optimization experiences,technology advancements,and optimization measures,the research will analyze and consolidate the essential aspects of municipal water supply and drainage pipe design.The goal is to fundamentally elevate the quality standards of these designs,ensuring they meet the criteria for engineering project excellence.Through this comprehensive approach,we aim to contribute to the improvement and sustainability of water supply and drainage systems,safeguarding the well-being of residents.

Selection of Water Transmission Method and Analysis of Pipe Network Zoning in Municipal Water Supply and Drainage Design

With the acceleration of urbanization,the demand for water supply and drainage pipe networks has increased significantly.In the planning of urban construction,it is necessary to optimize the design of the water supply and drainage system pipe network to effectively save energy while providing residents with more accessible water resources.Therefore,the municipal water supply and drainage system and the water transmission methods should be designed according to the geographical conditions of the city.In this paper,we mainly analyze the design of municipal water supply and drainage systems and the selection of water transmission methods.Besides,the optimization of the water supply and drainage network zoning process and pipe network maintenance is also discussed,so as to provide a reference for municipal water supply and drainage work.

Impact of the Condition of Drinking Water Supply Networks on the Quality of Water Intended for Consumption: The Case of the Network in the Commune of Daloa (Central West of Côte d’Ivoire)

The potability of drinking water depends not only on the source and the treatment system, but also on the quality of the waterworks. In fact, the quality of drinking water is considerably degraded by the dilapidated state and lack of maintenance of drinking water networks. In Côte d’Ivoire, the majority of drinking water networks in the various towns are ageing. In Daloa, despite the efforts made by the company in charge of water treatment and distribution to make the water drinkable, the water at consumers’ taps is often colored, has an unpleasant aftertaste and settles after collection. As a result, people are concerned about the potability of tap water, and some are turning to alternative sources of drinking water of unknown quality. In order to determine the factors responsible for the deterioration in water color and taste, as well as the sectors of the network most affected, a diagnosis of the network’s equipment was carried out. Water samples taken from the network were analyzed for color and turbidity. The diagnosis revealed that most of the equipment (suction pads, valves, drains and fire hydrants) is outdated and irregularly maintained. Analyses show that the water is more colored in cast-iron and PVC pipes than in asbestos cement pipes. Coloration values in the network range from 0 to 27 UVC for asbestos cement pipes, from 15 to 56 UCV for ductile iron pipes, and from 11 to 102 UCV for PVC pipes. On the over hand, turbidity values vary from 8.02 to 3.32 NTU for ductile cast iron pipes, 8.51 to 16.98 NTU for asbestos cement pipes and 0.9 to 6.98 NTU for PVC pipes. Old cast-iron pipes release ferric ions on contact with water, degrading their color. Old cast-iron pipes release ferric ions into the water, degrading its color. The high color values observed in the vicinity of drains are thought to be due to irregular maintenance of the network. In fact, after network maintenance, a reduction rate ranging from 2% to 73% is observed for turbidity, while for color, the rate varies from 5% to 72%. In short, the network’s obsolescence and irregular maintenance contribute significantly to the deterioration of water quality.

Reflections on the Construction of Water Supply and Drainage in Integrated Pipe Corridor of Sponge City

With the continuous development of economy and society and the continuous improvement of peoples’living environment requirements,the concept of sponge city construction has been recognized and understood by more and more people.The country has also recognized the significance of planning and construction of sponge cities.In the process of planning and constructing a sponge city,it is necessary to combine the reality of urban development with the construction of urban water supply and drainage systems and underground pipe corridors to promote the process of urban modernization.Based on this,this paper analyzes the water supply and drainage construction of the integrated pipe corridor in the sponge city.

Analysis of HDPE Pipe Construction Process in Municipal Water Supply and Drainage Construction

The construction of water supply and drainage pipelines is a very important part of municipal construction.The construction of HDPE pipe has been widely used in the construction field of water supply and drainage pipelines due to its many advantages.Therefore,the construction process of HDPE pipe has also been studied more and more in the construction of municipal water supply and drainage,which is of great significance for the application of HDPE in municipal water supply and drainage construction.This paper analyzes the HDPE pipe construction process of municipal water supply and drainage construction workers,and hopes to help the good application of HDPE pipe and the improvement of municipal water supply and drainage construction quality.

Geographic Information System Application for Water Supply System:A Case Study in Paphos,Cyprus

Geographic Information Systems(GIS) can be successfully introduced as a tool to manage water system infrastructures.This technology was taken into consideration after the local authorities’ estimation for almost 30%losses in the water distribution networks in cities.The major issue of water shortage in

Water Leakages in Public Water Supply System and How to Prevent Them

The article addresses the results of effective water losses prevention in public water supply systems, focusing on procedures for monitoring hidden leaks as the main part of losses and as the first step to control and prevent them. The described methodology has been applied based on a cross-border cooperation between twin capital cities Vienna and Bratislava in the Central Europe Region within the project deWaloP （Developing Water Loss Prevention） and adopted in Bratislava Water Company （BVS） in the Slovak Republic. The paper provides a complex of simple and easily available practices for analyses of water distribution measurements bringing essential information as to the necessity to use advanced procedures to actively reduce leakage. These practices involve minimum night flows analyses, hydrodynamic pressures analyses, pinpointing of water leakages by working with valves in the water network, the methodology of setting alarm limits for measured data, as well as use of advanced practices to obtain missing topologic data. As the water infrastructure in former socialistic countries are in bad technical condition and the lack of pertinent operational data is a significant obstacle to the application of a more sophisticated methodology based on GIS and other information systems, the procedures focus on using the most simple way to evaluate and control water losses. Finally, the introduction of described methodology in Bratislava Water Company after many years of unsuccessful effort even with expensive sophisticated leakage equipment brought positive outputs and the graph line of water losses level is finally going down. The use of expensive multi-correlating equipment together with human resources on the basis of implementing the above described leakage monitoring will subsequently become more effective, as it shall pinpoint major leakages, disclosure and removal of that shall significantly contribute to the effective reduction of water losses.

天山胜利隧道内置高位水池的消防供水系统设计研究

为解决10 km甚至20 km以上的高寒高海拔超长公路隧道消防供水系统设计中洞外设置供水系统被冻结、洞内管网严重超压等难题,通过对乌尉高速天山胜利隧道消防设计的难点,以及常规的隧道外常高压供水系统及稳高压供水系统在该隧道中难以实施等问题展开深入研究,提出天山胜利隧道内设置高位消防水池及将隧道内消防管网进行分区供水的设计方案并详细论述。对于10 km甚至20 km以上的高寒高海拔超长公路隧道消防供水系统的设计:1)隧道消防给水宜采用高位消防水池供水的常高压供水系统;2)常规的隧道外常高压供水系统及稳高压供水系统在高寒高海拔超长公路隧道中无法实施,可考虑隧道内置高位消防水池的设计;3)隧道内置高位消防水池的数量、设置间距、设置高度等应根据隧道的长度、纵坡等综合考虑并进行水力计算后确定;4)隧道内置高位消防水池的常高压供水系统能解决这类隧道消防供水系统设计中管网严重超压的难题,具有供水安全可靠、施工难度较小、经济、环保等优点。

西北地区某市地下水供水管网黄水产生原因分析与控制技术中试研究

随着供水管道使用年限的增加,管网逐渐老化,管网化学稳定性问题日益突出。为解决西北地区某市高碱度地下水供水管网黄水问题,保障用水安全,开展了黄水产生原因分析与控制技术中试研究。一方面,监测黄水形成过程中水质特点和规律,对铸铁管腐蚀管垢成分进行分析,探明黄水形成原因。另一方面,搭建管网中试系统,研究了余氯、碱度、缓蚀剂对管网铁释放的影响。结果表明:黄水形成存在周期性规律,形成原因为水力冲刷增强导致管垢中的铁释放到水体中,水体存在一定的腐蚀性也会影响铁释放。管垢主要成分为Fe3O4和α-FeOOH,但不同管垢层形貌特征及化学组成存在差异。建议该地区管网余氯浓度控制在0.4 mg/L左右,余氯较高或较低均会促进铁释放。综合考虑效果和经济性,应对突发性黄水问题时,建议优先采用0.5 mg/L(以P计)的三聚磷酸钠作为缓蚀剂投加控制黄水现象。每吨水需增加药剂成本约为0.018元。

广东省常见PVC-U给水管材15种金属溶出含量的测定与分析

目的：了解广东省常见PVC-U给水管材中15种金属溶出含量的现状。方法：在佛山、中山、东莞、深圳、广州5个生产PVC-U给水管材的主要城市随机抽取31个采样点，共采集17个品牌31种样品，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）方法测定铝、铬、铁、锰、镍、铜、锌、砷、银、镉、汞、铅、锡、锑、钡15种元素，依照《生活饮用水输配水设备及防护材料卫生安全评价规范》进行样品前处理、检验和评价。结果：铝检出范围0.5-43.2μg/L，检出率96.8%，超标率12.9%；锡检出范围0.05-194.0μg/L，检出率45.2%，超标率25.8%；钡检出范围0.05-85.5μg/L，检出率45.2%，超标率3.2%；铅检出范围0.05-169.5μg/L，检出率41.9%，超标率29%；铜检出范围0.05-3.6μg/L，检出率38.7%；锌检出范围0.05-84.0μg/L，检出率25.8%；砷检出范围0.05-1.0μg/L，检出率19.4%；镍检出范围0.05-1.9μg/L，检出率12.9%；铬、镉、锰、锑、铁、银、汞检出率均小于10%。结论：常见PVC-U给水管材浸泡溶出的金属有铝、铅、锡、钡、锌、铜、砷等，常见超标元素有铅、锡、铝、钡等，而铬、镉、锰、锑、铁、银、汞检出率很低。需要加强PVC-U给水管材的监管。

ICP-MS法测定PVC-U饮水管材(件)中的痕量铅、镉、锡、汞

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(TCP-MS)法测定硬聚氯乙烯(PVC-U)饮水管材(件)中的痕量铅、镉、锡、汞,对影响测量结果的因素进行了分析。利用该法测定铅、镉、锡、汞的检出限分别为0.0028、0.0025、0.0052、0.0033μg/L,回收率为84.60％～94.30％,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于4.23％。

土壤源热泵地埋管侧水系统优化运行研究

本文基于江苏无锡某典型厂房土壤源热泵空调项目的实测数据,以地源侧系统总能耗最低为目标,构建设备模型对地源水泵运行工况进行优化,并与两种传统控制策略的运行效果进行对比,据此提出进一步的优化建议。结果表明:基于负荷的优化控制策略,其节能效果要明显优于定频控制策略,冬夏季典型测试日平均节能率分别为28.33%和13.27%,相比于5℃温差变频策略节能了3.61%和2.21%。适当增大地埋管的埋管深度或管径,可以进一步提升该优化控制策略的节能效果。传统的定温差控制策略在负荷率大于60%时,可在5℃基础上将温差增加1~5℃以提升节能效果。

金属膜过滤工艺保障不同管材供水管网水质生物稳定性的研究

供水管网末梢水水质生物安全问题受到了广泛关注。采用生物膜环状反应器(BAR)模拟实际供水管网,探究了自来水和金属膜滤后水(膜滤水)对5种管材管壁生物膜影响的异同性。结果表明,金属膜过滤工艺对水中浑浊度、溶解性有机碳的平均去除率分别为93.4%、19.0%;5种管材管壁生物膜在生长稳定期的生物量排序为铜<不锈钢≈聚氯乙烯(PVC)≈高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)<球墨铸铁;自来水体系中反应器进出水平均浑浊度分别为1.52、3.44 NTU,而膜滤水体系反应器进出水平均浑浊度分别为0.10、0.42 NTU,且各管材管壁生物膜生长缓慢。这是因为膜滤水体系微生物群落物种丰富度较低,管壁生物膜样品的OTU数减少了39.7%~56.5%,耐氯致病菌(分枝杆菌、甲基杆菌等)相对丰度明显减少。因此,金属膜过滤工艺可有效保障供水管网饮用水水质生物稳定性。

叠压供水系统对市政管网的影响分析

叠压供水充分利用管网余压进行变频恒压供水,具有节能、供水水质稳定等优点。然而叠压供水系统直接与市政管网相连,启动时会引起接入点及管网上下游的流量和压力波动,对市政管网输送水量变化和压力变化带来影响。以江苏省JT城区的市政管网为研究对象,采用EPANET软件执行延时模拟、HAMMER软件执行瞬时模拟,分析叠压供水系统对市政管网的影响程度和规律,并确定了两个评价指标:最低市政供水压力要求和系统接入点运行压降要求。结果表明,叠压供水系统对市政管网的影响与小区入住率、用水时段、叠压数量等因素有关;小区附近叠压供水系统数量越少、分布越稀疏,多叠压供水系统运行时接入点压降就越小。当实际应用中影响超出安全范围时,建议通过优化控制方式和供水方式缓解影响,保障供水安全。

市政给排水施工中的长距离顶管施工技术研究

以某工程为例,针对传统顶管施工出现的质量问题,分析顶管施工地面变形情况,通过工作井施工、穿墙施工、管道顶进施工、管线纠偏、土压平衡控制,有效控制长距离顶管施工工艺,以此提高施工效率与质量,提出新型施工技术。由实例可知,新施工技术在使用时,能够平衡控制土体压力,防止地面出现变形。

农村供水工程管网更新设计研究

农村供水管网已成为农村供水保障阶段提升农村供水安全性、稳定性的重要因素,目前却存在管网布局不合理、管径选择不当、管网材质劣质、设计理念滞后等问题。为研究农村供水工程管网更新设计工作,从规划、设计方案理念、评估指标等方面深入分析了农村供水管网的现状及其在设计中存在的问题,提出农村供水管网更新设计策略要落实“节水优先,空间均衡,系统治理,两手发力”的治水思路,管网更新设计方案同时要兼顾物理层面和功能层面的需要,引入量化供水、分区供水与漏损测度与管压、流量动态调整等技术,辅之以管网合理布局,管材因地制宜,进而形成整体设计框架。研究成果可为农村供水保障阶段的农村供水管网设计与实施提供理论和实践借鉴。

沈阳市老旧小区二次供水设施改造工程探究

近年来全国范围内老旧小区二次供水设施改造工程不断开展,该工程对城市供水安全有着至关重要的影响,沈阳市政府对其高度重视。通过对沈阳市皇姑区各老旧小区二次供水设施进行实地调查、现状分析、改造提升,并在二次供水全生命周期管理中引入水质安全和智慧水务,构建了一套老旧小区二次供水设施改造工程技术体系。

供水用球墨铸铁管质量评价指标体系

供水系统是城市重要的市政基础设施之一,供水管道质量直接影响供水系统安全运行。球墨铸铁管具有机械性能良好、耐腐蚀性能优异等优点,目前在市政供水系统中被广泛应用。但现行产品标准主要侧重于工厂质量控制,且部分指标的检测方法不适用于球墨铸铁成品管。文中针对供水用球墨铸铁管,基于产品特点和现行标准,遴选了关键质量指标及相应检测方法,并构建供水用球墨铸铁管质量评价指标体系,包括几何尺寸、外涂层与内衬、力学性能和金相组织,其中壁厚和锌层质量分别采用三坐标测量仪和金相显微镜。质量评价指标体系可为供水用球墨铸铁管的质量管控提供参考。

基于供水管网水力模型的市政管网消防供水能力研究

为提高城市消防安全水平和火场救援的效率和质量,基于供水管网水力模型,对市政管网消防供水能力进行研究,利用算法分析计算应急状态下满足消防取水需求的市政管网最大消防给水量,得出市政给水设施在火灾条件下的实际给水能力。填补城市消防给水设施管理部门和消防实战应用单位之间的真空地带,解决各信息之间的“信息断层”和应用系统之间的“信息孤岛”问题,充分发挥城市消防给水设施效能,保障消防安全。