An innovational method that poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)(SMA),a compatibilizer of immiscible nylon6/polystyrene(PA6/PS) blends,was first reacted with carbon black(CB) and then blended with PA6/PS,has been employe...An innovational method that poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)(SMA),a compatibilizer of immiscible nylon6/polystyrene(PA6/PS) blends,was first reacted with carbon black(CB) and then blended with PA6/PS,has been employed to prepare the PA6/PS/(SMA-CB) composites of which CB localized at the interface.In PA6/PS/CB blends,CB was found to preferentially localize in the PA6 phase.However,in the PA6/PS/(SMA-CB) blends,it was found that CB particles can be induced by SMA to localize at the interface.The electrical porperties of PA6/PS/(SMA-CB) composites were investigated.The results showed that the composites exhibited distinct triple percolation behavior,i.e.the percolation is governed by the percolation of CB in SMA phase,the continuity of SMA-CB at the interface and the continuity of PA6/PS interface.The percolation threshold of PA6/PS/(SMA-CB) was only 0.15 wt%,which is much lower than that of PA6/PS/CB.Moreover,the PTC(positive temperature coefficient) intensity of PA6/PS/(SMA-CB) composites was stronger than that of PA6/PS/CB and the negative temperature coefficient(NTC) effect was eliminated.The electrical properties of PA6/PS/(SMA-CB) were explained in terms of its special interface morphology:SMA and CB localize at interphase to form the conductive pathways.展开更多
The polymer nanocomposites have been the exponentially growing field of research for developing the materials in last few decades. The remarkable improvement in the polymer nanocomposite is found when a small amount o...The polymer nanocomposites have been the exponentially growing field of research for developing the materials in last few decades. The remarkable improvement in the polymer nanocomposite is found when a small amount of nanosized particles are added to a polymer matrix. The addition of inorganic solid nanoparticles (typically in the form of fibres, flakes, spheres or fine particles) into polymer matrix increases their physical, structural and mechanical properties. Since the polymer-nano composites have been the staple of modern polymer industry, their durability under various environmental conditions and degradability after their service life are also essential fields of research. This leads to focus on preparation & characterization of polymer nanocomposite. This article is intended to review the status of worldwide research in this aspect. The successful application of nano particles depends upon both the correct preparation techniques followed by testing through characterization. Surface modification can improve the inherent characteristics of the nano particles and serve to prepare nano composites inexistent in nature. Therefore, some tools as their various properties like electrical, optical and morphological can be used to optimize the preparation of polymer nano composites. This chapter will make an overview about different routes to prepare polymer-based nano composites by extrusion, synthesis of nano particles by sol-gel reactions, sputtering and mainly by physical evaporation deposition method.展开更多
Wearable strain sensors based on flexible conductive polymer composites(FCPCs)have attracted great attention due to their applications in the fields of human–machine interaction,disease diagnostics,human motion detec...Wearable strain sensors based on flexible conductive polymer composites(FCPCs)have attracted great attention due to their applications in the fields of human–machine interaction,disease diagnostics,human motion detection,and soft robotic skin.In recent decades,FCPC‐based strain sensors with high stretchability and sensitivity,short response time,and excellent stability have been developed,which are expected to be more versatile and intelligent.Smart strain sensors are required to provide wearable comfort,such as breathability,selfcooling ability,and so forth.To adapt to the harsh environment,wearable strain sensors should also be highly adaptive to protect the skin and the sensor itself.In addition,portable power supply system,multisite sensing capability,and multifunctionality are crucial for the next generation of FCPC‐based strain sensor.展开更多
实验采用固相法合成性能良好的PbZr_(0.52)T_(0.48)O_3(PZT)陶瓷粉末,通过常压和热压工艺制备0-3型PZT/PVDF(偏聚氟乙烯)压电复合材料,研究了常压和热压工艺、PVDF所占体积分数和极化条件(时间、电场强度)等因素对复合陶瓷压电和介电性...实验采用固相法合成性能良好的PbZr_(0.52)T_(0.48)O_3(PZT)陶瓷粉末,通过常压和热压工艺制备0-3型PZT/PVDF(偏聚氟乙烯)压电复合材料,研究了常压和热压工艺、PVDF所占体积分数和极化条件(时间、电场强度)等因素对复合陶瓷压电和介电性能的影响。采用X线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、阻抗分析仪等表征样品的显微结构和电性能。结果表明:最佳极化条件为极化时间30 min,极化强度7 k V/mm,采用热压工艺制备的复合陶瓷性能更佳;当PVDF体积分数为10%时,PZT/PVDF压电复合材料的性能最佳,其介电损耗低至1.7%,相对介电常数为191,压电常数为42 p C/N。展开更多
Multifunctional composites that have the ability to store or generate energy have attracted huge attention recently. One type of multifunctional composite is a structural capacitor that uses carbon fiber cloth as elec...Multifunctional composites that have the ability to store or generate energy have attracted huge attention recently. One type of multifunctional composite is a structural capacitor that uses carbon fiber cloth as electrodes separated by glass-fiber cloth. However, such structural capacitors are difficult to fabricate reliably because electrical shorts sometimes form between the electrodes. In the present study, we investigate the mechanism of electrical shorting in such capacitors, which allows us to propose an improved fabrication process to prevent electrical shorting between the carbon-cloth electrodes. Infrared thermography reveals that electrical shorting between the electrodes is caused by contact between the carbon-fiber electrodes. Such contacts are formed by movement of the glass fibers of the separator during curing, which is induced by epoxy resin flow. Pre-curing of the glass-fiber cloth separator to a suitable degree ensures that the electrical insulation between carbon-fiber electrodes is reliable.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Education Department of Henan Province (No.2009A430008)
文摘An innovational method that poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)(SMA),a compatibilizer of immiscible nylon6/polystyrene(PA6/PS) blends,was first reacted with carbon black(CB) and then blended with PA6/PS,has been employed to prepare the PA6/PS/(SMA-CB) composites of which CB localized at the interface.In PA6/PS/CB blends,CB was found to preferentially localize in the PA6 phase.However,in the PA6/PS/(SMA-CB) blends,it was found that CB particles can be induced by SMA to localize at the interface.The electrical porperties of PA6/PS/(SMA-CB) composites were investigated.The results showed that the composites exhibited distinct triple percolation behavior,i.e.the percolation is governed by the percolation of CB in SMA phase,the continuity of SMA-CB at the interface and the continuity of PA6/PS interface.The percolation threshold of PA6/PS/(SMA-CB) was only 0.15 wt%,which is much lower than that of PA6/PS/CB.Moreover,the PTC(positive temperature coefficient) intensity of PA6/PS/(SMA-CB) composites was stronger than that of PA6/PS/CB and the negative temperature coefficient(NTC) effect was eliminated.The electrical properties of PA6/PS/(SMA-CB) were explained in terms of its special interface morphology:SMA and CB localize at interphase to form the conductive pathways.
文摘The polymer nanocomposites have been the exponentially growing field of research for developing the materials in last few decades. The remarkable improvement in the polymer nanocomposite is found when a small amount of nanosized particles are added to a polymer matrix. The addition of inorganic solid nanoparticles (typically in the form of fibres, flakes, spheres or fine particles) into polymer matrix increases their physical, structural and mechanical properties. Since the polymer-nano composites have been the staple of modern polymer industry, their durability under various environmental conditions and degradability after their service life are also essential fields of research. This leads to focus on preparation & characterization of polymer nanocomposite. This article is intended to review the status of worldwide research in this aspect. The successful application of nano particles depends upon both the correct preparation techniques followed by testing through characterization. Surface modification can improve the inherent characteristics of the nano particles and serve to prepare nano composites inexistent in nature. Therefore, some tools as their various properties like electrical, optical and morphological can be used to optimize the preparation of polymer nano composites. This chapter will make an overview about different routes to prepare polymer-based nano composites by extrusion, synthesis of nano particles by sol-gel reactions, sputtering and mainly by physical evaporation deposition method.
基金Henan Province University Innovation Talents Support Program,Grant/Award Number:20HASTIT001National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:51773183,U1604253,U1804133Innovation Team of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province,Grant/Award Number:20IRTSTHN002。
文摘Wearable strain sensors based on flexible conductive polymer composites(FCPCs)have attracted great attention due to their applications in the fields of human–machine interaction,disease diagnostics,human motion detection,and soft robotic skin.In recent decades,FCPC‐based strain sensors with high stretchability and sensitivity,short response time,and excellent stability have been developed,which are expected to be more versatile and intelligent.Smart strain sensors are required to provide wearable comfort,such as breathability,selfcooling ability,and so forth.To adapt to the harsh environment,wearable strain sensors should also be highly adaptive to protect the skin and the sensor itself.In addition,portable power supply system,multisite sensing capability,and multifunctionality are crucial for the next generation of FCPC‐based strain sensor.
文摘实验采用固相法合成性能良好的PbZr_(0.52)T_(0.48)O_3(PZT)陶瓷粉末,通过常压和热压工艺制备0-3型PZT/PVDF(偏聚氟乙烯)压电复合材料,研究了常压和热压工艺、PVDF所占体积分数和极化条件(时间、电场强度)等因素对复合陶瓷压电和介电性能的影响。采用X线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、阻抗分析仪等表征样品的显微结构和电性能。结果表明:最佳极化条件为极化时间30 min,极化强度7 k V/mm,采用热压工艺制备的复合陶瓷性能更佳;当PVDF体积分数为10%时,PZT/PVDF压电复合材料的性能最佳,其介电损耗低至1.7%,相对介电常数为191,压电常数为42 p C/N。
文摘Multifunctional composites that have the ability to store or generate energy have attracted huge attention recently. One type of multifunctional composite is a structural capacitor that uses carbon fiber cloth as electrodes separated by glass-fiber cloth. However, such structural capacitors are difficult to fabricate reliably because electrical shorts sometimes form between the electrodes. In the present study, we investigate the mechanism of electrical shorting in such capacitors, which allows us to propose an improved fabrication process to prevent electrical shorting between the carbon-cloth electrodes. Infrared thermography reveals that electrical shorting between the electrodes is caused by contact between the carbon-fiber electrodes. Such contacts are formed by movement of the glass fibers of the separator during curing, which is induced by epoxy resin flow. Pre-curing of the glass-fiber cloth separator to a suitable degree ensures that the electrical insulation between carbon-fiber electrodes is reliable.
