Application of Microwave Technology in Cotton Fabric Dyeing with Reactive Dyes

The influence of different factors on dyeing depth was explored when the cotton fabric was dyed with KN reactive dyes by microwave radiation,and the rubbing fastness and soaping fastness of the fabrics by conventional dyeing and microwave dyeing are determined.In addition,we also researched the effects of microwave heating on the dyeing properties of different dyes.The results show that: the dyeing time of cotton fabric by microwave heating can be greatly shortened,and the dyeing performance is similar to conventional dyeing process.

Effect of Alkali Concentration on Dyeing Cotton Knitted Fabrics with Reactive Dyes

The effect of alkali concentrations has been studied on the color strength （K/S） and color fastness properties of single jersey cotton knitted fabrics dyed with 1% Novacron Red S-B reactive dye. Same bath scouring and bleaching are performed and conventional exhaust dyeing method employed by IR laboratory sample dyeing machine. Various alkali concentrations such as 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 g/L are employed and other parameters are kept fixed. The color strength （K/S） and color fastness to wash and rubbing are examined and evaluated. It is revealed that with the increase in alkali concentration from 6 g/L to 8 g/L the value of K/S increases and then up to 10 g/L the value decreases. The overall color fastness properties to washing and rubbing for the dyed samples range from good to excellent.

Short wet-steam dyeing process of cotton fabrics with reactive dyes

The effects of Reactive Black 5 utilized to cotton fabrics by short wet-steam process on the dyeing properties were investigated. This study will provide a theoretical reference for short wet-steam process of cotton fabrics with bifunctional reactive dyes. The optimal amount of Selilao agent was 20 g/L, while the soaping and rubbing fastness of the dyed cotton fabrics were both reached to 4-5 rating.

Salt-free reactive dyeing of betaine-modified cationic cotton fabrics with enhanced dye fixation

Novel cationic cotton fabrics were prepared by an efficient and simple one-step pad–dry–bake pretreatment process with betaine as cationic reagent. Ester bonds formed between cotton fibers and betaine hydrochloride were proved by Fourier transformed infrared attenuated total reflection(FTIR-ATR) spectra. Moreover, the properties of the cationic fabrics, including X-ray Diffraction(XRD), tensile strength and whiteness and yellowness index,were investigated in comparison with that of the untreated ones. The cationic fabrics were applied in salt-free dyeing of C.I. Reactive Red 195, C.I. Reactive Yellow 145 and C.I. Reactive Blue 19. Different dye fixation processes were applied and compared for untreated and cationic cotton. Dye fixation and color fastness properties of the dyes were tested, and the results presented that dye fixation on the cationic fabrics in the absence of salt was improved with satisfactory light fastness property and applicable wash and rub fastnesses.

Determining Compatibilities of Reactive Dyes in Pad Dyeing

Compatibilities of reactive dyes were conventionally shown by exhausting curves. But the change of proportion of dyes in padding dyebath was difficult for pad dyeing to be described by these curves. In this paper, a kind of simulation of pad dyeing process was used to determine dyestuff compatibility in pad dyeing for ramie and linen fabrics. Seven reactive dyes were divided into three groups and tested., The group with Cibacron Yellow C - 2R, Red C - R, and Blue C - R showed very good compatibility both for ramie and linen,and the other two groups of dyes gave out correspondingly low compatibilities in the pad dyeing tests. The results of the method for determining the compatibility of dyes displayed good consistency with the actul pad dyeing process.

The Effect of Temperature Variation on Dyeing Tie-Dye Cotton Fabrics Dyed with Reactive Dye

The improvement of colorfastness properties of tie dyed cotton knit fabrics with reactive dye has been studied. Pretreated cotton knit fabric is use to dyeing for easy absorption and retention of dye. Color fastness properties of any dyed fabric are very important aspects as the end use of fabric depends on these properties. This study is to evaluate the color fastness to washing and perspiration using the method ISO 105-2CS:2002 and ISO105-E04. The fabric is dyed with reactive dye in same concentration but in two different temperature (30°C and 60°C) and with different amount of sodium carbonate (15 g/l, 18 g/l and 20 g/l) respectively. It is observed that the increasing temperature and using related amount of sodium carbonate the fabric absorbs more dye. In 30°C temperature the result of washing fastness is fairly good to very good where in 60°C the result is very good to excellent. Perspiration fastness result is fairly good to very good both in 30°C and 60°C temperature. The result shows very good of all washing and perspiration fastness in 20 g/l sodium carbonate. The result is concluded that the color fastness of tie-dyed samples is improved by the increasing of temperature and higher amount of sodium carbonate.

Application of Tertiary Amine Cationic Polyacrylamide with High Cationic Degree in Salt-free Dyeing of Reactive Dyes

Tertiary amine cationic polyacrylamide with high cationization degree was used as a new cationic agent to pretreat cotton with dip-pad-bake method. The obtained cationic cotton was dyed with reactive dyes in the ab-sence of electrolyte. The effects of the characteristics of the cationic agent and the pretreatment conditions on dye-ability of reactive dye were investigated. The results showed that the fixation and K/S values of the reactive dyes on the cationic cotton were improved compared with those on the untreated one in the presence of salt. Tests on fast-ness properties of the dyed cotton and fabric quality of the pretreated cotton were carried out and the results showed that wash and rub fastness of the salt-free dyeing were both satisfactory. And anti-crease property,tensile and tear strength,and handling of the cationic cotton were also good compared with that of the untreated one.

Dyeing of S/J Cotton Knit Fabric with Natural Dye Extracts from Green Walnut Shells: Assessment of Mordanting Effect on Fastness Properties

In this study, aqueous extraction method is used because of its high extraction ratio, light fastness and also functional properties. In 1st phase, for dyeing S/J cotton knit fabric with green walnut power ferrous sulfate is considered as a mordant. In this study, three different mordanting methods such as pre-, meta-, and post-mordanting are conveyed the dyeing process with the state of metallic mordant and without metallic salt mordants. In 2nd phase, in dyeing for fixation ferrous sulfate was considered as mordants. Furthermore, the analysis and evaluation of each colour dyed material was done through following two terms for instance CIELAB (L*, a*, and b*) and K/S values. According to AATCC test methods, colour fastness to washing, crocking, perspiration of the dyed samples is determined whereas according to the ISO standard, the colour fastness to light was estimated and tested. When dyeing was carried out on S/J cotton knit fabric through considering optimum parameter like at 80&degC for 60 min and at pH 4 which showed optimum results. From the results we can see, very good wash fastness was obtained while there is no fading of the colour, whereas the outstanding and moderate level of colour fastness to light and crocking is achieved.

Relationship between Cellulase Treatment and Dyeing Properties of Cotton Fabrics

In our current study, effects of cellulose treatment on dyeing properties of cotton fabrics were investigated. Inhibitory effects of dyes both on the fabric substrate and in the treatment bath on celluiase catalytic effectiveness were also studied.

An Instant-Fixation Method for Application of Reactive Cotton Dyeing

A new instant-fixation dyeing process was presented and applied for the dyeing of cotton fabric with bi-functional reactive dyes, in which electrolyte and alkali were added in the dye bath first, and then the pre-prepared dye solution was dropped continuously. The color depth of dyed fabric with this process was much higher than that with conventional process and the dosage of the dyes could be reduced as much as 35% when the dark shades are dyed. Moreover, the dye fixation could be increased by 10% with the similar color depth. This novel dyeing method can be applied to both woven and knitted cotton fabric.

Effects of Treating with Laccase on Properties of Dyed Cotton Fabric

A laccase （Denilite IIS） was used to treat different cotton fabrics dyed with 0.2 g · L^-1 of vat dyes or reactive dyes. The results indicated that the laccase could remove the loosely adhering, unfixed or hydrolyzed dyes from the dyed fabric efficiently, which led to obvious improvements of color fastness. Furthermore, the wavelength of maximum absorbance of the residual solution of dyeing laccase-treated was different from that of the detergent-treated, which implied the laccase could accelerate structural changes of the adhering or hydrolyzed dyes from fabric in treating, resulting in obvious color changes of the residual solution. In addition, excessive laccase also could decolorize a few fixed reactive dyes from the dyed fabric, with a decrease of color strength and less further improvements of color fastness.

Application Performance of a New Antibacterial Flame Retardant for Cotton Fabrics

An excellent and novel flame retardant and antimicrobial agent,monochlorotriazine triethylphosphite guaridine(MCTPG),which made in the laboratory could treat cotton fabrics and dyeing with reactive dyes at the same time.The dyeing and functional property of treated cotton fabrics is characterized by five variables,each with a different effect on the final product.The best dyeing and flame retardant finishing process of reactive red K and MCTPG:2%(owf)reactive red K,250 g/L MCTPG,40 g/L NaCl,and 60 g/L Na2CO3,the fixation temperature is 90℃,and the fixation time is controlled at 60 min,with a bath ratio of 1:30.The percentage of dye uptake rate can reach 61.9%and the fixation rate is 52.8%.The treated cotton fabric has better flame retardancy and antibacterial property.The limited oxygen index(LOI)reached 26.3%,the after-flame time was 7.1 s,the char length was 65 mm,and the width of the bacteriostatic band of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus both reached 2.0 mm.

Kinetics of Hydrolysis of Cationic Reactive Disperse Dyes Containing Quaternary Group

The kinetics of hydrolysis of cationic reactive disperse dyes containing quaternary group and chemical shift（13CNMR） of the adjacent carbon atoms with pyridine-acetylamino were discussed. The results show pyridine-acetylamino reactive group had higher reactivity than chloroacetylamino and chemical shift（13 CNMR） of the adjacent carbon atoms with pyridine-acetylamino moved 18.77 ppm.

Application Research on K/S Value in Determination of Reactive Dyes Fixation Rate

Reactive dyes are the main dyes in printing and dyeing of cellulosic fibers.Reactive dyes fixation rate is a vital indicator to measure the degree of the covalent bond between cellulose and reactive dyes.However,the determination of the fixation rate is tedious and time-consumptive.Based on the theory of reactive dyes dyeing and application of modern computer color matching technology,the relationship between K/S value and the fixation rate with the reactive dyes on cotton fabric was studied.The feasibility of K/S value instead of the traditional washing method for the determination of reactive dyes fixation rate was proved.In this study,the K/S value of the fabric has an excellent linear relationship to the reactive dyes fixation rate obtained by the washing method.The reactive dyes fixation rate can be obtained through the K/S correction value.

Colour Reflectance Investigation of Decolourized Sulfur Dyed Cotton Knitted Fabric via Ozone Plasma Treatment

Ozone plasma treatment is accessible to be applied on shading adjustment and colour fading because of the capacity of ozone production. It is a green process that treats dyed cotton fabric under dry condition so as to avoid chemical pollutants. This study means to explore colour reflectance of decolourized sulfur dyed cotton texture using ozone plasma treatment. Sulfur dyed cotton textures with various colour depths (0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5%) were set up to be treated different plasma parameters, including ozone air concentrations (10%, 30%, 50%, 70%), water contents in terms of weight percentage (35%, 45%) of fabric and ozone air plasma treatment periods (10 mins, 20 mins, 30 mins). The colour fading result is assessed by the colour reflectance in percentage (R%) utilizing spectrophotometer under CIE standard illuminant D65. The valid colour fading based on high percentage of reflectance was demonstrated from plasma treatment under higher ozone air concentration (50% and 70% ozone in air) and longer time length of plasma treatment (20 mins and 30 mins). The level of water content contained in the cotton fabrics is appeared to have noteworthy relationship with the degree of decolourization.

Harnessing Microalgae Biomass from Lake Taihu as a Natural Biocolorant Source for Sustainable Eco-Friendly Dyeing of Cotton with Ultrasonication

Most water bodies worldwide are infested with algae bloom and Lake Taihu is no exception, various techniques have been developed to harvest microalgae from Lake Taihu as part of the lake cleaning program and this results in a large algae biomass to deal with. This study made use of the algae biomass harvested as a biocolorants source for textile application and also evaluated its dyeing characteristics with mercerized and bleached cotton. The fabrics were dyed with either ultrasound or water bath method. The ultrasound method improved dye extraction yield from 17.8% for the conventional method to 26.7%, which was also enhanced to 33.2% with the addition of HCl (1 cm). The ultrasound dyeing method was effective at improving dye uptake at a reduced dyeing temperature when compared to the conventional method and also produced different shades of color after dyeing with different mordants. The dyed fabrics had good fastness properties for laundry, crocking and light. The dyed fabrics also showed a good ultraviolet protection factor. The use of algae biomass as a potential source of colorants for textile application will provide an alternate dye source that is environmentally friendly.

漆酶催化没食子酸染色阳离子改性棉织物的性能

利用漆酶催化没食子酸,并对聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵改性棉织物进行染色。结果表明:漆酶可催化没食子酸聚合,采用一浴一步法和一浴二步法工艺对改性棉织物染色,二者的染色特征值相接近,染色改性棉织物的UPF≥40,亲水性能明显提升,力学性能也有所改善。

黄原胶预处理对汉麻织物喷墨印花效果的影响

为解决汉麻印花织物得色量浅、清晰度差的问题,选取黄原胶为预处理剂对汉麻织物进行处理,并进行活性染料喷墨印花。结果表明:与海藻酸钠预处理剂相比,经黄原胶预处理后织物的润湿时间从32.18 s增加到98.19 s,接触角从70.13°提升至84.22°,说明预处理后黄原胶在织物表面构筑的薄膜使织物疏水性增加,进而抑制染料墨水在织物上的扩散,提升喷墨印花效果;当预处理液为1.5%黄原胶、10.0%尿素和2.0%NaHCO_(3),汽蒸时间为10 min时,织物色深达到最大值,此时,青、品红、黄和黑色色块的K/S值比海藻酸钠预处理织物分别提升了33.5%、20.2%、42.6%和109.3%,表明黄原胶预处理喷墨印花汉麻织物表现出优异的表观颜色深度;同时,印花织物的耐摩擦和耐皂洗色牢度均可达到4级以上。

纯棉筒子纱的原位矿化染色

采用原位矿化染色技术对纯棉筒子纱进行活性染料染色。优化的染色工艺为:固色碱剂XGA 3.0%(omf),固色时间60 min,矿化pH为3.5,偶合剂XBC为1.5%(omf),氧化剂XYS为5%(omf),60℃矿化处理30 min。结果表明:采用原位矿化染色工艺对纯棉筒子纱进行染色,排放染色残液色度值比传统工艺降低98%,染品耐干摩擦色牢度比传统工艺高半级,耐湿摩擦色牢度、耐皂洗色牢度与传统工艺一致,且可获得与传统工艺基本一致的颜色效果。

二硫化钼在棉织物表面的沉积及其光动力抗菌性能的研究

采用一步水热法制备了基于二硫化钼(MoS_(2))的棉织物(CFs)和废旧棉织物(WFs)复合材料用于光动力抗菌灭活,并探究了复合材料的微观结构、元素分布、热稳定性、机械性能、光动力抗菌性能(灭活金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌)以及光催化性能(降解孔雀石绿染料)。结果表明:CFs/MoS与WFs/MoS_(2)复合材料均具有优异的光动力抗菌效应,5min内光照条件下对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌率高达99.999%(最低检测限度),并具有显著的光催化降解染料能力(>60%),为光触媒抗菌环保材料开发提供了新方向。