In vivo anti-aging properties on fat diet-induced high fat Drosophila melanogaster of n-butanol extract from Paecilomyces hepiali

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of the development and application of Paecilomyces hepiali,a fungus with edible and medicinal value,as a foodborne antioxidant and anti-aging agent.Its n-butanol extract(PHE)from rice cultures was selected for anti-aging experiment because of significant free radical scavenging activity in vitro.In vivo,PHE could significantly prolong the mean lifespan,50%survival days,and the maximum lifespan of Drosophila on a high-fat diet.It is amazing that the mean lifespan increased from 19.1 days to 32.9 days,50%survival days increased from 15.7 days to 34.3 days,and the maximum lifespan extended from 44.7 days to 52.7 days,when the high-fat female Drosophila model was fed with 10μg/mL PHE.Further research showed that PHE reduced the accumulation of peroxide products and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes.Then,through antioxidant activity tracking,dimerumic acid(compound 1,the IC_(50) value of 3.4μg/mL on DPPH free radicals scavenging activity),4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxypentanoic acid(compound 2,new compound),and thymidine(compound 3)were isolated from PHE.It is worth mentioning that dimerumic acid,the major antioxidant compound of PHE(content up to 3%),was discovered in P.hepiali for the first time.It was concluded that PHE showed excellent anti-aging activity at a very low concentration on fat diet-induced high fat Drosophila melanogaster,and dimerumic acid may be its main material basis.These results indicated that PHE had the potential to be developed as antioxidant and anti-aging agent in the healthcare industry.

Advances in research on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Paecilomyces hepiali

Paecilomyces hepiali is a fungus with edible and pharmaceutic value,isolated from Ophiocordyceps sinensis.Its main bioactive constituents contain alkaloids,cyclic dipeptides,steroids,organic acids,and polysaccharides.Due to the huge development potential of P.hepiali in the field of food and medicine,it has been developed into a variety of products that cater to the needs of the public.In this paper,the chemical constituents and their pharmacological effects of P.hepiali are reviewed,which can provide reference for the development and application of P.hepiali.

Multigene phylogeny of the family Cordycipitaceae (Hypocreales): new taxa and the new systematic position of the Chinese cordycipitoid fungus Paecilomyces hepiali

The phylogeny and systematics of cordycipitoid fungi have been extensively studied in the last two decades.However,systematic positions of some taxa in the family Cordycipitaceae have not yet been thoroughly resolved.In this study,a new phylogenetic framework of Cordycipitaceae is reconstructed using multigene(nrSSU,nrLSU,tef-1α,rpb1 and rpb2)sequence data with large-scale taxon sampling.In addition,ITS sequence data of species belonging to the Lecanicillium lineage in the family Cordycipitaceae are used to further determine their phylogenetic placements.Based on molecular phylogenetic data together with morphological evidence,two new genera(Flavocillium and Liangia),16 new species and four new combina-tions are introduced.In the new genus Flavocillium,one new species F.bifurcatum and three new combinations previously described as Lecanicillium,namely F.acerosium,F.primulinium and F.subprimulinium,are proposed.The genus Liangia is built by the new species Lia.sinensis with Lecanicillium-like asexual morph,isolated from an entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria yunnanensis.Due to the absence of Paecilomyces hepiali,an economically and medically significant fungus,in the earlier phylogenetic analyses,its systematic position has been puzzling in both business and academic communities for a long time.Here,P.hepiali is recharacterized using the holotype material along with seven additional samples.It is assigned to the genus Samsoniella(Cordycipitaceae,Hypocreales)possessing Cordyceps-like sexual morph and Isaria-like asexual morph,and thus a new combination,namely S.hepiali is proposed.An additional nine new species in Samsoniella are described:S.alpina,S.antleroides,S.cardinalis,S.cristata,S.lanmaoa,S.kunmingensis,S.ramosa,S.tortricidae and S.yunnanensis.Four new species in Cordyceps are described:C.chaetoclavata,C.cocoonihabita,C.shuifuensis and C.sub-tenuipes.Simplicillium yunnanense,isolated from synnemata of Akanthomyces waltergamsii,is described as a new species.