Pain-related mediators underlie incision-induced mechanical nociception in the dorsal root ganglia

Approximately 50-70% of patients experience incision-induced mechanical nociception after sur- gery. However, the mechanism underlying incision-induced mechanical nociception is still unclear. Interleukin-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor are important pain mediators, but whether in- terleukin-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor are involved in incision-induced mechanical no- ciception remains uncertain. In this study, forty rats were divided randomly into the incision surgery （n = 32） and sham surgery （n = 8） groups. Plantar incision on the central part of left hind paw was performed under anesthesia in rats from the surgery group. Rats in the sham surgery group re- ceived anesthesia, but not an incision. Yon Frey test results showed that, compared with the sham surgery group, incision surgery decreased the withdrawal threshold of rats at 0.5, 3, 6 and 24 hours after incision. Immunofluorescence staining in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord （L3-5） showed that interleukin-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were expressed mainly on small- and medium-sized neurons （diameter 〈 20 pm and 20-40 pm） and satellite cells in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord （L3-5） in the sham surgery group. By contrast, in the surgery group, high expression of interleukin-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor appeared in large-sized neurons （diameter 〉 40 pm） at 6 and 24 hours after incision surgery, which corresponded to the decreased mechanical withdrawal threshold of rats in the surgery group. These experimental findings suggest that expression pattern shift of interleukin-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor induced by inci- sion surgery in dorsal root ganglia of rats was closely involved in lowering the threshold to me- chanical stimulus in the hind paw following incision surgery. Pain-related mediators induced by in- cision surgery in dorsal root ganglia of rats possibly underlie mechanical nociception in ipsilateral hind paws.

Effects of ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia on the secretion of pain-related mediators after modified radical mastectomy

Objective: To investigate the effects of ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia on the secretion of pain-related mediators after modified radical mastectomy. Methods: A total of 108 patients with breast cancer who were treated with modified radical mastectomy in this hospital between July 2015 and February 2017 were divided into the control group (n=54) and paravertebral block group (n=54) by random number table. Control group received routine general anesthesia, and paravertebral block group received ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia. The differences in serum levels of pain mediators, inflammatory factors and stress hormones were compared between the two groups of patients immediately after surgery (T0), 6h after surgery (T1), 12h after surgery (T2) and 24h after surgery (T3). Results: At T0, there was no statistically significant difference in serum levels of pain mediators, inflammatory factors and stress hormones between the two groups. At T1, T2 and T3, serum pain mediators NPY, PGE2 and 5-HT levels of paravertebral block group were lower than those of control group;serum inflammatory factors IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 levels were lower than those of control group;serum stress hormones ACTH, Cor, AngⅠ and AngⅡ levels were lower than those of control group. Conclusion: ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia can effectively reduce the release of pain mediators and relieve the systemic inflammatory stress response after modified radical mastectomy.

Pro-resolving lipid mediator reduces amyloid-β42–induced gene expression in human monocyte–derived microglia

Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators including maresin 1 mediate resolution but the levels of these are reduced in Alzheimer's disease brain, suggesting that they constitute a novel target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease to prevent/stop inflammation and combat disease pathology. Therefore, it is important to clarify whether they counteract the expression of genes and proteins induced by amyloid-β. With this objective, we analyzed the relevance of human monocyte–derived microglia for in vitro modeling of neuroinflammation and its resolution in the context of Alzheimer's disease and investigated the pro-resolving bioactivity of maresin 1 on amyloid-β42–induced Alzheimer's disease–like inflammation. Analysis of RNA-sequencing data and secreted proteins in supernatants from the monocyte-derived microglia showed that the monocyte-derived microglia resembled Alzheimer's disease–like neuroinflammation in human brain microglia after incubation with amyloid-β42. Maresin 1 restored homeostasis by down-regulating inflammatory pathway related gene expression induced by amyloid-β42 in monocyte-derived microglia, protection of maresin 1 against the effects of amyloid-β42 is mediated by a re-balancing of inflammatory transcriptional networks in which modulation of gene transcription in the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway plays a major part. We pinpointed molecular targets that are associated with both neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and therapeutic targets by maresin 1. In conclusion, monocyte-derived microglia represent a relevant in vitro microglial model for studies on Alzheimer's disease-like inflammation and drug response for individual patients. Maresin 1 ameliorates amyloid-β42–induced changes in several genes of importance in Alzheimer's disease, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.

Scarcity and Mental Health—Multiple Mediators of Sleep Quality and Life Satisfaction

Background:In the current social environment,scarcity,as a universally present objective state,profoundly impacts individuals’decision-making and health through the subjective feeling it induces,known as a“scarcity mindset.”Particularly,the feeling of scarcity related to money and sleep time is not only widespread but also directly linked to an individual’s mental health.Purpose:This study aims to delve into the relationship between the feeling of scarcity and mental health,with a specific focus on the relationship between the feeling of money scarcity or sleep time scarcity and mental health,as well as the role of sleep quality or life satisfaction in this relationship.Procedure:We determined the sampling quotas based on the population and economic development levels of each province in the“China Statistical Yearbook(2021)”(National Bureau of Statistics,2021).Participants were selected using the Probability Proportional to Size(PPS)sampling method.Data was collected by distributing online questionnaires to participants,and the relationships between the main variables were explored using structural equation modeling.Results:1.In China,the feeling of sleep time scarcity is stronger than the feeling of money scarcity among the public.2.The feeling of money scarcity is positively correlated with depression and anxiety,whereas the feeling of sleep time scarcity is only positively correlated with depression.3.The feeling of scarcity mainly leads to depression and self-denial through reducing life satisfaction,and it leads to anxiety through reducing sleep quality.Conclusion:The feeling of scarcity in money and sleep time is related to different dimensions of mental health.Therefore,reasonably planning financial allocation and ensuring an adequate amount of sleep can reduce the sense of scarcity,thereby improving mental health.Additionally,improving sleep quality and increasing life satisfaction can alleviate the adverse effects of scarcity on mental health.

The mechanism and relevant mediators associated with neuronal apoptosis and potential therapeutic targets in subarachnoid hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)is a dominant cause of death and disability wo rldwide.A sharp increase in intracranial pressure after SAH leads to a reduction in cerebral perfusion and insufficient blood supply for neuro ns,which subsequently promotes a series of pathophysiological responses leading to neuronal death.Many previous experimental studies have reported that excitotoxicity,mitochondrial death pathways,the release of free radicals,protein misfolding,apoptosis,nec rosis,autophagy,and inflammation are involved solely or in combination in this disorder.Among them,irreversible neuronal apoptosis plays a key role in both short-and long-term prognoses after SAH.Neuronal apoptosis occurs through multiple pathways including extrinsic,mitochondrial,endoplasmic reticulum,p53 and oxidative stress.Meanwhile,a large number of blood contents enter the subarachnoid space after SAH,and the secondary metabolites,including oxygenated hemoglo bin and heme,further aggravate the destruction of the blood-brain barrier and vasogenic and cytotoxic brain edema,causing early brain injury and delayed cerebral ischemia,and ultimately increasing neuronal apoptosis.Even there is no clear and effective therapeutic strategy for SAH thus far,but by understanding apoptosis,we might excavate new ideas and approaches,as targeting the upstream and downstream molecules of apoptosis-related pathways shows promise in the treatment of SAH.In this review,we summarize the existing evidence on molecules and related drugs or molecules involved in the apoptotic pathway after SAH,which provides a possible target or new strategy for the treatment of SAH.

Development of High Areal Capacity Electrolytic MnO_(2)-Zn Battery via an Iodine Mediator

The commercialization of electrolytic MnO_(2)-Zn batteries is highly applauded owing to the advantages of cost-effectiveness,high safety,high energy density,and durable working performance.However,due to the low reversibility of the cathode MnO_(2)/Mn^(2+)chemistry at high areal capacities and the severe Zn anode corrosion,the practical application of MnO_(2)-Zn batteries is hampered by inadequate lifespan.Leveraging the full advantage of an iodine redox mediator,here we design a highly rechargeable electrolytic MnO_(2)-Zn battery with a high areal capacity.The MnO_(2)-Zn battery coupled with an iodine mediator in a mild electrolyte shows a high discharge voltage of 1.85 V and a robust areal capacity of 10 mAh cm^(-2)under a substantial discharge current density of 160 mA cm^(-2).The MnO_(2)/I_(2)-Zn battery with an areal capacity of 10 mAh cm^(-2)exhibits prolonged stability of over 950 cycles under a high-capacity retention of~94%.The scaled-up MnO_(2)/I_(2)-Zn battery reveals a stable cycle life under a cell capacity of~600 mAh.Moreover,our constructed MnO_(2)/I_(2)-Zn battery demonstrates a practical energy density of~37 Wh kg^(-1)and a competitive energy cost of<18 US$kWh^(-1)by taking into account the cathode,anode,and electrolyte.The MnO_(2)/I_(2)-Zn battery,with its remarkable reversibility and reasonable energy density,enlightens a new arena of large-scale energy storage devices.

Intraoperative Blood Pressure Lability Acts as a Key Mediator in the Impacts of Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy on Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Major Spine Surgery

Objective Although goal-directed fluid therapy(GDFT)has been proven to be effective in reducing the incidence of postoperative complications,the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of intraoperative hemodynamic lability in the association between GDFT and the incidence of postoperative complications.We further tested the role of this mediation effect using mean arterial pressure,a hemodynamic indicator.Methods This secondary analysis used the dataset of a completed nonrandomized controlled study to investigate the effect of GDFT on the incidence of postoperative complications in patients undergoing posterior spine arthrodesis.We used a simple mediation model to test whether there was a mediation effect of average real variability between the association of GDFT and postoperative complications.We conducted mediation analysis using the mediation package in R(version 3.1.2),based on 5,000 bootstrapped samples,adjusting for covariates.Results Among the 300 patients in the study,40%(120/300)developed postoperative complications within 30 days.GDFT was associated with fewer 30-day postoperative complications after adjustment for confounders(odds ratio:0.460,95%CI:0.278,0.761;P=0.003).The total effect of GDFT on postoperative complications was-0.18(95%CI:-0.28,-0.07;P<0.01).The average causal mediation effect was-0.08(95%CI:-0.15,-0.04;P<0.01).The average direct effect was-0.09(95%CI:-0.20,0.03;P=0.17).The proportion mediated was 49.9%(95%CI:18.3%,140.0%).Conclusions The intraoperative blood pressure lability mediates the relationship between GDFT and the incidence of postoperative complications.Future research is needed to clarify whether actively reducing intraoperative blood pressure lability can prevent postoperative complications.

Association and potential mediators between socioeconomic status and childhood obesity in China:findings from a national cohort study

Objective:Socioeconomic status(SES)is associated with childhood obesity,but the underlying factors remain unknown.This study aimed to identify mediators that may explain SES disparities in childhood obesity in China.Methods:Nationally representative longitudinal data from the China Education Panel Survey of 11 o019 children(13.03±0.79)collected from 2013-2014 to 2016-2017 academic years.Overweight/obesity was defined using Chinese national body mass index cut-points.Principal component analysis was used to convert the four SES indicators(maternal and paternal education,and occupation)into one comprehensive variable.Mediation analysis for SES disparities in childhood obesity was conducted using structure equation models.Results:The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 12.8%,and was higher in boys than in girls(17.8%vs.7.6%,P<0.001)at baseline.Among boys,relative risk(RR)of obesity was 1.23(95%CI:1.09 to 1.40,P<O.001)for per unit change in SES.There was no significant association between obesity and SES among girls.Mediation analyses showed that among boys,birth weight,being the only child in the family and children's selfperceived weight status mediated 70.0%of the effects of SES on obesity.No mediation effect was detected in girls.Conclusions:Chinese boys are more likely to be overweight or obese than girls.SES may impact childhood obesity through birth weight,being the only child in the family and children's self-perceived body weight status in boys,but not in girls.More attention should be made to address childhood obesity in high SES families among boys.Interventions targeting at these mediators are needed.

Linear paired electrolysis of furfural to furoic acid at both anode and cathode in a multiple redox mediated system

Implementing a new energy-saving electrochemical synthesis system with high commercial value is a strategy of the sustainable development for upgrading the bulk chemicals preparation technology in the future.Here,we report a multiple redox-mediated linear paired electrolysis system,combining the hydrogen peroxide mediated cathode process with the I2 mediated anode process,and realize the conversion of furfural to furoic acid in both side of the dividedflow cell simultaneously.By reasonably controlling the cathode potential,the undesired water splitting reaction and furfural reduction side reactions are avoided.Under the galvanostatic electrolysis,the two-mediated electrode processes have good compatibility,which reduce the energy consumption by about 22%while improving the electronic efficiency by about 125%.This system provides a green electrochemical synthesis route with commercial prospects.

Resilience provides mediating effect of resilience between fear of progression and sleep quality in patients with hematological malignancies

BACKGROUND Hematological tumors are common malignant tumors,with high morbidity and mortality rates.Most patients with hematological malignancies develop sleep disorders that seriously affect their life and health because of acute onset of disease,rapid progression,high recurrence rates,complex treatment methods,and treatment costs.AIM To explore the mediating effect of resilience on fear of disease progression and sleep quality in patients with hematological malignancies.METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of 100 patients with hematological malignancies,treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University between August 2022 and August 2023,was conducted.Patients were assessed using a general data survey,a simplified scale for the fear of progression(FoP)of disease,a resilience scale,and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between various patient characteristics and FoP,resilience,and sleep quality.Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to examine the correlations between mental resilience,FoP,and sleep quality.RESULTS The total FoP score mean value in patients with hematological malignancies was 38.09±5.16;the total resilience score mean value was 40.73±7.04;and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score mean value was 10.72±1.90.FoP,resilience,and sleep quality of the patients were associated with family per capita monthly income and patient education level(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis revealed that FoP was negatively correlated with resilience and sleep quality scores(r=-0.560,-0.537,P<0.01),respectively,and resilience was significantly associated with sleep quality scores(r=0.688,P<0.01).Mediation analysis showed that the mediating effect of resilience between FoP and sleep quality in patients with hematological malignancies was-0.100 and accounted for 50.51%of the total effect.This indicated that FoP directly and indirectly affected sleep quality through the mesomeric effect of resilience.CONCLUSION Resilience is an intermediary variable between FoP and sleep quality in patients with hematological malignancies.Medical staff should evaluate and follow-up FoP and resilience to implement measures to improve sleep quality.

Mediating role of social support in dysphoria,despondency,and quality of life in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis

BACKGROUND Dysphoria and despondency are prevalent psychological issues in patients undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis(MHD)that significantly affect their quality of life(QOL).High levels of social support can significantly improve the physical and mental well-being of patients undergoing MHD.Currently,there is limited research on how social support mediates the relationship between dysphoria,despondency,and overall QOL in patients undergoing MHD.It is imperative to investigate this mediating effect to mitigate dysphoria and despondency in patients undergoing MHD,ultimately enhancing their overall QOL.AIM To investigate the mediating role of social support in relationships between dysphoria,despondency,and QOL among patients undergoing MHD.METHODS Participants comprised 289 patients undergoing MHD,who were selected using a random sampling approach.The Social Support Rating Scale,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,Self-Rating Depression Scale,and QOL Scale were administered.Correlation analysis was performed to examine the associations between social support,dysphoria,despondency,and QOL in patients undergoing MHD.To assess the mediating impact of social support on dysphoria,despondency,and QOL in patients undergoing MHD,a bootstrap method was applied.RESULTS Significant correlations among social support,dysphoria,despondency,and quality in patients undergoing MHD were observed(all P<0.01).Dysphoria and despondency negatively correlated with social support and QOL(P<0.01).Dysphoria and despondency had negative predictive impacts on the QOL of patients undergoing MHD(P<0.05).The direct effect of dysphoria on QOL was statistically significant(P<0.05).Social support mediated the relationship between dysphoria and QOL,and this mediating effect was significant(P<0.05).Similarly,the direct effect of despondency on QOL was significant(P<0.05).Moreover,social support played a mediating role between despondency and QOL,with a significant mediating effect(P<0.05).CONCLUSION These findings suggest that social support plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between dysphoria,despondency,and QOL in patients undergoing MHD.

Parental Psychological Control and Internet Gaming Disorder Tendency:A Moderated Mediation Model of Core Self-Evaluation and Intentional Self-Regulation

Internet gaming disorder(IGD)among junior high school students is an increasingly prominent mental health concern.It is important to look for influences behind internet gaming disorder tendency(IGDT)in the junior high school student population.The present study aimed to reveal the explanatory mechanisms underlying the association between parental psychological control(PPC)and internet gaming disorder tendency among junior high school students by testing the mediating role of core self-evaluation(CSE)and the moderating role of intentional self-regulation(ISR).Participants in present study were 735 Chinese junior high school students who completed offline self-report questionnaires on parental psychological control,core self-evaluation,intentional self-regulation,and Internet gaming disorder tendency.Analyses were conducted via mediation and moderated mediation.The results showed that:(1)Parental psychological control was positively related to junior high school students’Internet gaming disorder tendency.Core self-evaluation,and intentional self-regulation were negatively related to junior high school students’Internet gaming disorder tendency,respectively.(2)Core self-evaluation partially mediated the relationship between parental psychological control and junior high school students’Internet gaming disorder tendency.(3)Intentional self-regulation moderated the association between parental psychological control and Internet gaming disorder tendency,as well as the relationships between parental psychological control and core self-evaluation and core self-evaluation and Internet gaming disorder tendency in the mediated model.Based on these findings,we believe that there is a need to weaken parental psychological control,strengthen junior high school students’core self-evaluation and intentional self-regulation,and to recognize the important role of parents as well as their children’s personal positive traits in the healthy development of junior high school students.

A Study on Rural Cultural Communication of Short Videos From the Perspective of Mediation-Taking the Popularization of “Village BA” (Village Basketball Association) in Qiandongnan as an Example

With the rise of new media and short videos shaping the new communication environment,rural culture has been mediated and transformed to spread to a wider region.As a cultural achievement of rural revitalization,“Village BA”(Village Basketball Association)demonstrates Chinese modernization.The use of short videos,mass rural movements,and“spectacle”spaces to attract spectators has become a key issue in the dissemination of rural culture.

基于Mediator的Web Services无回溯反向链动态合成

提出了一个基于Mediator的Webservices无回溯反向链动态合成框架,在该框架下提供了一种产生式建模方法和一种用于消除合成语义冲突的参数级本体,然后使用一种无回溯反向链算法进行合成.该合成方法避免了对合成方案的优化,它的参数级本体在合成语义处理上也比前向链合成中的属性级本体的效率高,特别适合于对同样的用户输入和Webservices进行多次合成以生成相同的或者不同的输出.

基于Mediator/Wrapper信息集成的查询优化研究

在对Mediator/Wrapper集成系统及其查询特点进行详细分析的基础上,针对涉及多个数据源的连接查询是使用频率较高且是查询代价最高的一种查询方式这一事实,确定了以全局连接查询为主要优化对象,并提出了用半连接方法来优化连接查询。在对半连接执行方案进行优化时,提出了半连接加权有向图的概念,并给出了针对半连接加权有向图的半连接执行方案的快速有效的优化算法。

Dynamic Non-Invasive Detection of NADH Based on Blood Flow-Mediated Skin Fluorescence (FMSF) Method

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/NAD+) is involved in important biochemical reactions in human metabolism, including participation in energy production by mitochondria. The changes in fluorescence intensity as a function of time in response to blocking and releasing of blood flow in a forearm are used as a measure of oxygen transport with blood to the tissue, which directly correlates with the skin microcirculation status. In this paper, a non-invasive dynamic monitoring system based on blood flow-mediated skin fluorescence (FMSF) technology is developed to monitor the NADH fluorescence intensity of skin tissue during the process of blocking reactive hyperemia. Simultaneously, laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) were used to observe blood flow, blood oxygen saturation (SOt2) and relative amount of hemoglobin (rHb) during the measurement process, which helped to explore NADH dynamics relevant physiological changes. A variety of parameters have been derived to describe NADH fluorescence curve based on the FMSF device. The experimental results are conducive to understanding the NADH measurement and the physiological processes related to it, which help FMSF to be a great avenue for in vivo physiological, clinical and pharmacological research on mitochondrial metabolism.

棉铃虫天敌中红侧沟茧蜂Microplitis mediator对不同处理棉花的趋性行为反应

采用机械损伤(处理A)、棉铃虫取食为害(处理B)、棉铃虫取食棉花+棉铃虫复合物(处理B+H)、水杨酸诱导(处理C)、机械损伤加棉铃虫口腔分泌物(处理D)5种方式诱导现蕾期棉花植株,并应用Y型嗅觉仪测定处理后棉花对棉铃虫天敌中红侧沟茧蜂搜索寄主行为的影响.处理B、处理B+H和处理C棉花对中红侧沟茧蜂有显著的引诱作用.健康棉株、处理A及处理D棉花对中红侧沟茧蜂没有明显的吸引.中红侧沟茧蜂对处理C、处理B+H以及处理B棉花没有明显的趋性差异.利用气质联用系统对各处理棉花挥发性物质进行定性和定量分析.表明处理B、处理B+H、处理C棉花挥发物种类和含量均比对照棉花多,处理A及处理D棉花与对照棉花挥发物种类和含量差异不显著.处理C、处理B及处理B+H棉花中β-月桂烯、β-蒎烯、α-蒎烯的含量明显增加.处理C棉花柠檬烯的含量发生明显变化.

基于Mediator/Wrapper的VMI系统的研究

供应商管理库存(VMI)是一种新的供应链库存管理方法,通过应用VMI,可以提高企业的运作水平,降低供应商和生产商、零售商的成本。然而,在电子商务环境下,供应商与生产商或零售商是多对多的关系,VMI系统的数据间的通信变得十分庞大复杂,信息的管理也变得很困难。为此,本文提出使用Java和XML开发基于Mediator/Wrapper的VMI系统,通过Mediator构建一个以客户应用层、中介器层和数据源层三层VMI系统,使用XML作为中介器层的数据的标准以及客户应用层和中介器层的接口,并提供统一的描述数据的结构的框架,以便在Web上部署,同时Wrapper可以解决多个供应商和零售商之间的信息异构问题。

一种基于Mediator模式的角色实现方法

介绍一种基于Mediator模式的角色实现方法及其原型实现(Rava)。讨论了角色和面向方面程序设计(Aspect-Oriented Programming,AOP)中Aspect的异同点以及使用Rava实现动态AOP的方法,从而在实现层统一了角色和Aspect两个概念。

基于混合本体和Mediator/Wrapper的语义数据集成模型

分析数据集成中的语义异构问题和已有数据集成方法,提出一种基于混合本体和Mediator/Wrapper的语义数据集成模型,将数据元素作为领域数据概念标准引入到全局本体的构建中,并给出全局本体自动构建算法.设计并实现模型原型系统,系统运行结果证明,该模型能够有效地解决数据集成的语义异构问题,并可为各个领域的语义数据集成提供参考.