Investigation of the Film Formation in Dynamic Air Spray Painting

To accurately predict the film thickness distribution during dynamic spraying performed with air guns and support accordingly the development of intelligent spray painting,the spray problem was analyzed numerically.In particular,the Eulerian-Eulerian approach was employed to calculate the paint atomization and film deposition process.Different spray heights,spray angles,spray gun movement speeds,spray trajectory curvature radii,and air pressure values were considered.Numerical simulation results indicate that the angle of spray painting significantly affects the velocity of droplets near the spray surface.With an increase in the spraying angle,spraying height and spray gun movement speed,the maximum film thickness decreases to varying degrees,and the uniformity of the film thickness also continuously worsens.When the spray gun moves along an arc trajectory,at smaller arc radii,the film thickness on the inside of the arc is slightly greater than that on the outside,but the impact on the maximum film thickness is minimal.Increasing air pressure expands the coating coverage area,results in finer atomization of paint droplets,and leads to a thinner and a more uniform paint film.However,if the pressure is too high,it can cause paint splattering.Using the orthogonal experimental method,multiple sets of simulation calculations were conducted,and the combined effects of spraying height,spray angle,and spray gun movement speed on the film thickness distribution were comprehensively analyzed to determine optimal configurations.Finally,the reliability of the numerical simulations was validated through dynamic spray painting experiments.

De Novo Synthesis of Biopaint Using Transformed Bacteria: Analysis of Spectral Intensity Trends and Comparison to Commercial Paint

Background: Commercial paint pigments contain toxic heavy metals that harm humans and pollute the environment. To mitigate these harms, ecologically safe pigments are necessary. Objective: This experiment aims to create a biopaint de-novo using transformed Escherichia coli bacteria and compare it to commercial paint. Methods: Genetically engineered E. coli bacteria producing magenta pigment were grown in petri dishes. The pigment protein was extracted, filtered, and dehydrated into a crystalline powder. This was mixed with acrylic medium to make biopaint. The biopaint and commercial paint were applied on acrylic paper;red, green, blue, and total spectral intensities were measured daily under different testing conditions. Spectral intensity variability was measured and compared using the Coefficient of Variation (CV). Trends in spectral intensity were analyzed using regression analysis. Results: The differences in the CV of biopaint to commercial paint were less than 20% under all testing conditions. Spectral intensities for both biopaint and commercial paint did not show any significant change during the testing period under the conditions of room temperature, heat, and humidity. However, under the cold testing condition, biopaint showed a slight but statistically significant (p-value Conclusion: This experiment proves that E. coli-derived pigments can be used to make biopaint which has a similar durability to commercial paint as measured by the spectral intensities.

Co-pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge with Paint Sludge: Kinetics and Thermodynamic Analysis via Iso-conversional Methods

This study explored the synergistic interaction of sewage sludge(SS)and automotive paint sludge(PS)during co-pyrolysis for the optimized treatment of sewage sludge in cement kiln systems,utilizing thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and thermogravimetric-mass spectrometry(TGA-MS).The result reveals the coexisting synergistic and antagonistic effects in the co-pyrolysis of SS/PS.The synergistic effect arises from hydrogen free radicals in SS and catalytic components in PS,while the main source of the antagonistic effect is that,during the mechanical mixing process,the SS/PS is converted from the particulate form into a dough-like rubbery which contributes to the film-forming effect,hindering the volatilization of volatile components.SS/PS co-pyrolysis reduces the yielding of tar production while increasing coke and gas.This study will provide some in-depth insights into the co-pyrolysis of SS/PS,and offer theoretical support for the subsequent research on the collaborative disposal processes in cement kilns.

Drishti Paint 3.2:a new open-source tool for both 2D and 3D segmentation

X-ray computed tomography(CT)has been an important technology in paleontology for several decades.It helps researchers to acquire detailed anatomical structures of fossils non-destructively.Despite its widespread application,developing an efficient and user-friendly method for segmenting CT data continues to be a formidable challenge in the field.Most CT data segmentation software operates on 2D interfaces,which limits flexibility for real-time adjustments in 3D segmentation.Here,we introduce Curves Mode in Drishti Paint 3.2,an open-source tool for CT data segmentation.Drishti Paint 3.2 allows users to manually or semi-automatically segment the CT data in both 2D and 3D environments,providing a novel solution for revisualizing CT data in paleontological studies.

Improved Scatter Search Algorithm for Multi-skilled Personnel Scheduling of Ship Block Painting

This paper focuses on the optimization method for multi-skilled painting personnel scheduling.The budget working time analysis is carried out considering the influence of operating area,difficulty of spraying area,multi-skilled workers,and worker’s efficiency,then a mathematical model is established to minimize the completion time. The constraints of task priority,paint preparation,pump management,and neighbor avoidance in the ship block painting production are considered. Based on this model,an improved scatter search(ISS)algorithm is designed,and the hybrid approximate dynamic programming(ADP)algorithm is used to improve search efficiency. In addition,the two solution combination methods of path-relinking and task sequence combination are used to enhance the search breadth and depth. The numerical experimental results show that ISS has a significant advantage in solving efficiency compared with the solver in small scale instances;Compared with the scatter search algorithm and genetic algorithm,ISS can stably improve the solution quality. Verified by the production example,ISS effectively shortens the total completion time of the production,which is suitable for scheduling problems in the actual painting production of the shipyard.

Indoor Formaldehyde Removal Techniques through Paints: Review

Due to its ability to cause illnesses and discomfort even at low concentrations, formaldehyde pollution of indoor air poses a significant risk to human health. Sources of formaldehyde in indoor environments include textiles, paints, wallpapers, glues, adhesives, varnishes, and lacquers;furniture and wooden products like particleboard, plywood, and medium-density fiberboard that contain formaldehyde-based resins;shoe products;cosmetics;electronic devices;and other consumer goods like paper products and insecticides. According to the World Health Organisation, indoor formaldehyde concentrations shouldn’t exceed 0.1 mg/m3. The methods include membrane separation, plasma, photocatalytic decomposition, physisorption, chemisorption, biological and botanical filtration, and catalytic oxidation. Materials based on metal oxides and supported noble metals work as oxidation catalysts. Consequently, a paint that passively eliminates aldehydes from buildings can be developed by adding absorbents and formaldehyde scavengers to the latex composition. It will be crucial to develop techniques for the careful detection and removal of formaldehyde in the future. Additionally, microbial decomposition is less expensive and produces fewer pollutants. The main goal of future research will be to develop a biological air quality control system that will boost the effectiveness of formaldehyde elimination. The various methods of removing formaldehyde through paints have been reviewed here, including the use of mixed metal oxides, formaldehyde-absorbing emulsions, nano titanium dioxide, catalytic oxidation, and aromatic formaldehyde abating materials that can improve indoor air quality.

The Study of “Imitation” Aesthetics in Ancient Painting Theory-Taking the Chinese and Western Sources as an Example

The theory of“imitation”in painting occupies a leading position in western art,which originated from the theory of“imitation”in ancient Greece,and has become one of the art theories affecting the world through the continuous development of later generations.Through the exploration of the source of“imitation”in China and the West,there are some comments on the meaning of“imitation”in Chinese classical painting theory,such as“transfer model writing”and“image form”,which is obvious differences from the west.Traditional Chinese painting is a combination of careful observation of natural things and subjective emotions to express their own aesthetic feelings,and ultimately form a vivid artistic conception.Modern imitation is borrowed from Western imitation.In fact,imitation in traditional painting has its own meaning,which contains Chinese aesthetic thought.“Imitation”aesthetics is unique in traditional Chinese painting and is the most important form of painting art.

Exploration of the Expression of Color Emotion in Oil Painting Sketch Creation

This paper deeply analyzes the expression of color emotion in oil painting sketch creation.Starting with the three basic attributes of color theory(hue,lightness,and purity),this paper discusses its emotional symbolic significance and the relationship between contrast and harmony.By interpreting the works of artists such as Van Gogh’s Sunflower,Monet’s Rouen Cathedral,and Cézanne’s Mont Sainte-Victoire,this paper shows the unique charm of different colors in conveying emotions,creating atmosphere,and expressing themes.At the same time,it is expounded that in the creation of an oil painting sketch,the effective expression of color emotion can be realized by observing nature,using subjective colors,and reasonable composition and layout of colors,so as to enhance the artistic value of the works.

Analysis of Viewing Paintings from the Perspective of Iconography

Distinguished from purely formalistic research methods,iconography pursues the interpretation of the hidden historical and humanistic connotations behind artworks,and is a discipline that combines visual text and content analysis methods.Combining the three stages of iconography proposed by Panofsky,the paper studies Shizeng Chen’s Viewing Paintings from the perspective of iconography,summarizing the formation and change of the images and contents of the artworks in the cultural system and civilization at that time,as well as their implied ideology,and analyzing the hidden spirit of the times and the historical significance behind them,so as to expound their iconographic significance.Through an in-depth discussion at three levels:pre-pictorial iconographic description,iconographic analysis,and iconographic interpretation,the facts and surface contents reproduced in the images,the traditional level of literary,artistic,and cultural knowledge,as well as the interpretation of the potential meanings are revealed.

Analysis of Color and Artistic Conception in Painting Art

The charm of painting,as a bright pearl in the treasure house of culture,lies in its visual language constructed through colors and lines,which conveys the artist’s unique perception of life and profound emotions.Color,as the most intuitive and expressive language in painting,is not only a simple reproduction of material colors but also a projection of the artist’s inner world.Artistic conception,as a core concept in traditional Chinese painting theory,refers to the emotional atmosphere and spiritual mood embedded in paintings.The purpose of this paper is to discuss the interaction between color and mood in painting art,to analyze the techniques of using color in different painting styles and their influence on the creation of mood,and to provide new perspectives and methods for the creation of paintings.

Color Expression and Mood Creation in Imagery Oil Painting

Oil painting is a traditional Western painting form.With the introduction of China and the influence of China’s traditional painting and aesthetics,the painting style became more distinctive,expanding a new development direction of oil painting,and thus imagery oil painting came into being.Color,as the most important element in imagery oil painting,mainly plays the role of mood creation and emotional expression.Many creators are good at injecting their thoughts and emotions into the paintings through color matching,so as to enhance the artistic expression of the paintings.This paper analyzes the color expression characteristics of imagery oil painting and explores the color expression techniques in imagery oil painting and mood creation of imagery oil painting from several aspects.

The Discussion of Tibet＇s Paintings in Dunhuang During A.D. 786-907 And the Mural Painting on the North Side ofthe No.14 Cave of the Mogao Caves

During A.D. 776 to 848, Dunhuang was occupied and ruled by Tubo political power, a special painting style, spread via the Tibetan silk road, appeared at same time, and which is related to the art style of India and Nepal; It is worth noting that the Tibetan painting style during this period have no relative unified model actually, especially the mural and the silk painting preserved in Library Cave, the painting style of which had obvious difference between each other, and the reason behind this is very hard to explain. Until the late Tang Dynasty （A.D. 848-907）, sheer Pala style of eastern India appeared in Dunhuang, however, whether those East India painting style still belong to Tubo remain for further discussion. The art style of East India appeared in Dunhuang during from the late Tang Dynasty to the early period of Northern Song Dynasty, probably propagated from the ways other than Tubo, and this art style was deemed as the one has nothing to do with Tibet＇s art in this study.

Cognitive Translation of Paintings of Lijiang Painting School Under the Guidance of Rewriting Theory

It is an important task to communicate Chinese culture with other countries in the more conflicting global world.Lijiang Painting School plays a very important part in Chinese art,and it greatly influences the painters of various periods in China.In this context,some representative paintings of Lijiang Painting School in different periods were collected in this paper as the research objects.The rewriting theory was applied in the study because Chinese readers and English readers have different cultural backgrounds and diverse thinking.Based on the rewriting theory,these representative paintings were translated and the explained in English.In the study,it is found that as an intersemiotic translation,the translation of the representative paintings of Lijiang Painting School should be focused on those target readers who can’t comprehend directly from the paintings.In addition,the artistic integrity should be considered first before details in paintings.Therefore,the overall perception of target readers gaining from the translations should be paid more attention to rather than metaphrase.The translation under the guidance of rewriting theory will be helpful for the target readers to understand the connotation of source culture with some cultural images of target readers.

Karyotypic evolution in family Hipposideridae (Chiroptera, Mammalia) revealed by comparative chromosome painting, G- and C-banding

Comparing to its sister-family （Rhinolophidae）, Hipposideridae was less studied by cytogenetic approaches. Only a few high-resolution G-banded karyotypes have been reported so far, and most of the conclusions on the karyotypic evolution in Hipposideridae were based on conventional Giemsa-staining. In this study, we applied comparative chromosome painting, a method of choice for genome-wide comparison at the molecular level, and G- and C-banding to establish comparative map between five hipposiderid species from China, using a whole set of chromosome-specific painting probes from one of them （Aselliscus stoliczkanus）. G-band and C-band comparisons between homologous segments defined by chromosome painting revealed that Robertsonian translocations, paracentric inversions and heterochromatin addition could be the main mechanism of chromosome evolution in Hipposideridae. Comparative analysis of the conserved chromosomal segments among five hipposiderid species and outgroup species suggests that bi-armed chromosomes should be included into the ancestral karyotype of Hipposideridae, which was previously believed to be exclusively composed of acrocentric chromosomes.

Analysis of the formation ofNi Zan＇s landscape painting style --Taking ＂Map of a fishing village in an autumn sunny day after the rain＂ as an example

The paintings in the Yuan Dynasty, because oft.heir unique characteristics of the times, have made a deep and superexcellent track in the history of the Chinese painting, among which the literati landscape paintings represented the subject of the paintings in the Yuan Dynasty. And in the literati paintings, Ni Zan＇s paintings are the most representative. The application of the pen and ink in his works is concise and thinly scattered, and the artistic conception is cold and desolate. In this paper, with ＂Map of a fishing village in an autumn sunny day after the rain＂ as an example, the author analyzes Ni Zan＇s painting style and the causes of its formation.

Laser cleaning of steel structure surface for paint removal and repaint adhesion

Paint removal from steel structure is executed for shipyards of marine and offshore engineering.Due to environmental unfriendliness and unhealthy drawbacks of sand blasting technique, laser ablation technique is proposed as a substituting method.By absorbing high energy of the 1064 nm pulsed laser, the paint is vaporized quickly.The ablated debris is then collected by using a suction pump.Initial metal surface of the steel is exposed when laser beam irradiates perpendicularly and scans over it.The cleaned surface fulfills the requirements of surface preparation standards ISO 8501 of SA2.The adhesion is further characterized with pull-off test after carrying out painting with Jotamastic 87 aluminum paint.The repainting can be embedded onto the laser cleaned surface to bond much more tightly.The excellent adhesion strength of 20 MPa between repainted coating and the substrate is achieved, which is higher than what is required by shipyards applications.

PYRAMIDAL MULTIPHASE LEVEL SET FRAMEWORK FOR BRAIN TUMOR DETECTION USING GENERALIZED TECHNIQUE OF PAINTING BACKGROUND

The pyramidal multiphase level set framework （PMLSF） based on the technique of painting background （TPBG） and the Chan-Vese model can detect multiple objects on a given image. However, the boundaries of the sub-object obtained by PMLSF-TPBG are not variable since a specialcolor parameter is used in TPBG. To solve the problem, a new technique utilizing a varying parameter is proposed to ensure that PMLSF is effective for the detection of the desired boundaries of the sub-object. The interval of the variable color parameter is proved and the effects of the parameter are also discussed. Experimental results for the brain tumor detection show that different boundaries of the brain tumors can be detected with different color parameters. It is especially useful for clinical diagnoses.

The influence of modern painting on Faulkner in Go Down, Moses

Challenging traditional Western painting rules, modem paintings depict one object from multi-angles and advocate the autonomy of art. Seldom do people know that Faulkner loved painting when he was young and modem paintings exert a subtle influence on him. In his Yoknapatawpha, William Faulkner breaks the time and space order and the consistency of plot in traditional novels, which demonstrates aesthetic effect of modem painting and embodies the allegation of modern painting that art is autonomous. This paper will analyze the deep influence of modern painting on Faulkner＇s writing techniques and language characteristics, providing a new perspective to aonreciate the art of Faulkner＇s Yoknapatawpha.

Discussion on the Relation between Garden Landscape Constitution and Ancient Chinese Poetry and Paintings

From the perspective of culture-based source,the author considered that the ancient Chinese poetry and paintings not only embodied the harmony and unity thought of man and nature,but also were the emotional attachment of Chinese literati.As a diverse and comprehensive aesthetic art,landscape expressed material and spiritual culture doubly,the spiritual connotation of which was inextricably linked within ancient Chinese poetry and paintings.In addition,ancient Chinese poetry and paintings can be directly used in landscape composition,such as the widely used in plaques,inscriptions,couplets,poems and inscriptions,carved beams and painted pillars,painting with words and so on.Chinese literati integrated the ethereal realm of poetry and paintings into garden art,making landscape endow with poetic charm.Therefore,the landscape revealed the traces of literature and arts in aesthetic idea and taste,pushing Chinese garden to a higher aesthetic realm.This study pointed the right way to the future of modern landscape which advocated ecological and harmonious development.