Zircon U-Pb ages in the Nuratau ophiolitic mélange in the southern Tianshan,Uzbekistan:Implication for the closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean

1.Objective The Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB),which is located between the European craton,Siberian craton,and Tarim-North China craton(Fig.1a),is the largest phanerozoic accretionary orogen in the world.It resulted from the longterm subduction and accretion of the Paleo-Asian Ocean(PAO).The PAO has been in existence since at least the late Mesoproterozoic(about 1020 Ma).However,there has been debate about the closing time of the PAO.

The Effect of the Paleo Diet on People Suffering from Osteoporosis (Review Paper)

Osteoporosis is a disease that decreases bone mass and increases bone porosity, weakening bones. The Paleo diet is an eating plan that imitates the dietary patterns of the Stone Age. It excludes grains, dairy, and processed foods and emphasizes feeding on lean meats, fruits, vegetables, and nuts. Consumption of the Paleo diet has many positive sides, such as high protein intake and weight loss. Still, excluding dairy products risks calcium and vitamin D deficiencies, which are crucial for bone health. Statistics and simulations that have explored the relationship between the Paleo diet and bone health (especially for people suffering from low bone density) show mixed outcomes on bone health.). While the consumer does get lots of benefits from fruit and vegetable intake in a large sum due to them containing nutrients like magnesium, potassium, and vitamin K (which are also necessary for bone health), the lack of dairy products (gives the maximum amount of calcium and vitamin D) raises concerns about maintaining adequate bone mineral density (BMD). More information on this topic shows the negative impact of this diet on people suffering from osteoporosis due to a lack of nutrient intake that nourishes the bone. Although the Paleo diet can enhance overall health through nutrient-dense foods and reduced processed intake, it can’t be said the same for people suffering from osteoporosis.

GEOCHEMISTRY CONSTRAIN ON TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF PALEO-TETHYS IN SE YUNNAN,CHINA

There has been a long\|term debate about the Paleo\|Tethyan Ocean in South China continent. Based on the geological and geochemical studies, it is suggested that there exist two tectonic belts in SE Yunnan, SW China called Ailao Shan zone and Shizong—Mile zone, which separate Yangtze Block, Cathysian Block and Indo\|China Block from each other. The evolutionary history and its geodynamics of these suture zones are correlated with the Paleo\|Tethyan Ocean. Both of the zones are keys to understanding whether the Paleo\|Tethyan Ocean extended from Western Yunnan area to east of the South China continent. The Ailao Shan belt consists of Red River fault, Ailao Shan fault, Shuanggou fault and Huashan—Yayi fault, which are the boundaries of the Ailao Shan basement metamorphic belt, ophiolitic melange belt and Island\|arc volcanic\|sediments belt, respectively.The ophiolitic melange belt is characterized by the existence of the ophiolite in Shuanggou area, which represents the relicts of the oceanic crust of the Ailao Shan Ocean. In addition, there exist volcanic rocks in west of the ophiolitic melange belt in Jingdong area. The geochemical characteristics of basalts in Jingdong are similar to that of the E\|MORB. Synthesized studies on geochemistry and tectonics suggest that the basalts in Jingdong area were formed in an extensional rift setting in Devonian.

Ophiolites from the Mianlüe Suture in the Southern Qinling and Their Relationship with the Eastern Paleotethys Evolution

The Mianlue suture extends from Derni-Nanping-Pipasi-Kangxian to the Lueyang-Mianxian area, then traverses the Bashan arcuate structure eastward to the Huashan region, and finally to the Qingshuihe area of the southern Dabie Mountains. From east to west, with a length of over 1500 km, the ophiolitic melange associations are distributed discontinuously along the suture. The rock assemblages include ophiolite, island-arc and oceanic island rock series, indicating that there existed a suture zone and a vanished paleo-ocean basin. The Mianliie paleo-ocean basin experienced its main expansion and formation process during the Carboniferous-Permian and closed totally in the Triassic. It belongs to the northern branch of the eastern paleotethys, separated from the northern margin of the Yangtze block under the paleotethys mantle dynamic system.

Recognition of Ancient Oceanic Island in Paleo-Tethys,Western Yunnan

A volcano-platform carbonate sequence ,from Carboniferous to Permian , is widely trapped in the deep water deposits in Changning- Menglian belt .Three components can be roughly recognized in ascending order as :the lava .the volcaniclastic and carbonate rocks .In most cases, the sequence is incomplete due to faulting resulted from the strong orogenic compression. But (he stratigraphic succession is continuous except for the two interruptions of paleokarsts . which extended from middle Late Carboniferous to Late Permian and from late Early Permian to Late Permian respectively .A preliminary study indicates that the stratigraphy, petrology , sedimentation , vokanism geochemistry and fossils in the sequence are quite similar to mat in modern and ancient oceanic islands and there may be the relics of ancient oceanic islands in the paleo-Tethys .The differences among these sequences probably suggest a complex configuration of the islands or island chain These islands were formed under infra oceanic environments of the paleo-Tethys ,far from continent and accreted to Simao continental margin in Late Permian .The occurrence of large number of ancient oceanic islands in orogenic belts , including the paleo Tethys, Cordillera , etc ..suggests mat some ancient oceans .such as the paleo Tethys and proto-Pacific ,were full of archipelagoes as their modem counterparts . It is possible that more oceanic islands will be recongnized when sufficient research is done in orogenic belts over the world .

PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND EVOLUTION OF THE CENO-TETHYS: MICROPALEONTOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FROM PELAGIC SEDIMENTS IN THE YARLUNG ZANGBO SUTURE ZONE, SOUTHERN TIBET

The Ceno\|Tethys is a southern branch of the Tethyan ocean and existed in the Mesozoic and early Cenozoic times. The evolution of the Ceno\|Tethys has been discussed based mainly on geological and paleontological data obtained from shallow marine sediments on the both sides of the ocean. Pelagic sediments deposited in a deep ocean basin of the Ceno\|Tethys are often incorporated in suture zones. However, geological and paleontological data from the pelagic sediments, which enable us to elucidate the paleoceanography and tectonic evolution of the Ceno\|Tethys, are still limited. The Xialu chert crops out about 30 km south of Xigaze and occupies the southern marginal part of the E—W trending Yarlung Zangbo Suture zone. As a result of radiolarian biostratigraphic research along two continuous sections, we identified seven different aged radiolarian assemblages from pelagic and hemipelagic sediments ranging early Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) to Early Cretaceous. The Aalenian radiolarian fauna is the oldest known record so far for the Xialu chert. It is noteworthy to point out that the fauna came from a chert sample which contains no terrigenous elements other than clay minerals. There is a possibility that radiolarian faunas older than Aalenian age will be discovered from the Xialu chert in the future.

The Middle–Late Triassic Closure of the East Paleotethys Ocean: Paleomagnetic Evidence from the Baoshan Terrane, China

Objective It is still controversial about when,where and how the East Paleotethys Ocean closed due to the lack of reliable paleomagnetic data from the blocks or terranes located in both sides of the suture,which prohibits our better understanding of a series of key scientific issues such as how major blocks of East Asia collided together。

New Zircon U-Pb Age of Late Devonian Tuff in Guangxi, South China and the Significance for the Paleo-Tethys Branch Ocean

Objective The eastern extending range of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean in southwest China has always been focused and controversial. At the beginning of this century some scholars proposed that the Paleo-Tethys Branch Ocean may extend to the Babu-Pingxiang and Cengxi areas along the stouthwestern margin of the South China Block （Cai and Zhang, 2009）. However, the pivotal proof of Late Paleozoic ophoilite and magmatic rocks was absent or sporadical in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, resulting in insufficient evidence to support this viewpoint. For the first time this work reported the Late Devonian tuff in the Qinzhou area in the south of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and conducted zircon U-Pb dating on it in order to constrain the extension of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean in the South China Block.

Regression of East Tethys resulted in a center of biodiversity: A study of Mysmenidae spiders from the Gaoligong Mountains, China

DEAR EDITOR,This research involved the study of 31 species from the spider family Mysmenidae Petrunkevitch,1928,found in the Gaoligong Mountains of China,including one new genus and 13 new species.Our results suggested that regression of East Tethys contributed to the appearance of a center of biodiversity.The Tethys,a classical and hot topic in geology.It has undergone a succession of significant geodynamic transformations,transitioning from an ancient ocean to the current Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt.Notably,the East Tethys,serving as an invaluable lens through which to study continental geology and geodynamics,has played a pivotal role in triggering the major geological reconstructions of the entire Tethys(Pan et al.,1997).

Late Devonian OIB Alkaline Gabbro in the Yarlung Zangpo Suture Zone:Remnants of the Paleo-Tethys?

The Yarlung Zangpo Suture Zone(YZSZ) is believed to be composed of material largely derived from the destruction of the Neo-Tethys ocean.We report here geochronological and petrological data obtained for newly discovered alkaline gabbro blocks embedded in a m(?)lange zone of the YZSZ,in Zhongba area, southwestern Tibet.The gabbros are Late Devonian in age and of intra-oceanic Ocean Island Basalt(OIB) affinity.Single-zircon U-Pb analyses from one representative gabbro sample by SIMS(Secondary

Depositional Environments of Bedded Chens in Western Yunnan Segment of Paleo－Tethys， China： a Geochemical Approach

Differences in rare earth elements and other trace elements in bedded chens reflect the deposihonal settings of the sediments. Based on cerium anomaly (Ce/Ce ), total REE (ΣREE) and other trace element abundance variahons preserved in the bedded cherts in the Paleo-Tethys, Western Yunnan, three deposihonal regimes can be recotwzed: spreading ridge proximal, ocean-basin floor and conhnental margin. This geochemical method of discriminating deposihonal environments for thine marine sedimentary rocks which are physically indistinct provides a powerful new tool for paleotectonic and paleogeographic recondruchons.

Correction:Geochronology and origin of Paleoproterozoic charnockites with old crustal signature in the Haisyn block of the Ukrainian shield

In the original publication of the article,Pbr should be replaced with Pb in Table 2.The correct Table 2 is provided in this article.

Vestiges of the Kerguelen Mantle Plume in Southern Tibet:Evidence from 123-117 Ma Magmatism in the Dingri Area of the Central Tethys Himalaya

The widely distributed Early Cretaceous magmatism in the Tethys Himalaya(TH)of southern Tibet is related to the Kerguelen mantle plume.Associated magmatic activity products are distributed in the eastern TH,where the active age is earlier than the peak ages of the Kerguelen mantle plume.This study investigated magmatic activity of the Dingri area in the central TH which was coeval with the Kerguelen mantle plume.The intrusion in the Dingri area contains diabases and monzonites.The zircon age of diabase is 123±1 Ma,and that of monzonite is 117±1 Ma.Geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopic analyses show that the mafic-intermediate dikes were formed in an intraplate extensional environment.The diabase is derived from the enriched lithospheric mantle and monzonite is derived from partial melting of the lower crust,with both magmatic evolutions being contaminated by crustal materials.These characteristics are similar to those of the Rajmahal-Sylhet basalt,a typical Kerguelen mantle plume product.The discovery of the Dingri mafic-intermediate dikes of the central TH suggests that the TH and Rajmahal-Sylhet Traps formed a continuous mantle plume overflow magmatic belt which was a product of the continuous eruption of the Kerguelen mantle plume.

Paleo-Structuring Ante-Albian on the South-Tethysian Margin (Example: The Central Tunisian Atlas)

The study of the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the lower Cretaceous series realized in the southern on the tethysian margin in the Tunisian central-Southerner Atlas, shows that the architecture of this field is governed by a NW-SE compressive phase. This latter has reactivated the old faults to give birth to associated, distensive and compressive structures at the same time simultaneously. It is about a network of combined strike slip fault EW dextral and sinistral NS which divided the cover into four zones of deformation corresponding to the right dihedron of the strike slip fault system. In the compressive dihedron, the deformation develops essentially several folds and in the distensive dihedron, normal faults which delimit horsts and grabens.

北非地区构造演化与含油气盆地形成

北非地区古生代位于冈瓦纳大陆北缘,经历古生代冈瓦纳和中新生代特提斯2大裂谷—拗陷—前陆盆地演化旋回,是世界范围内重要的油气富集区之一。基于公开地质资料和油气勘探数据的综合分析,指出北非地区含油气盆地存在克拉通叠加拗陷、裂谷和被动陆缘3种盆地类型,盆地演化经历冈瓦纳期和特提斯期2大成盆旋回,明确了区域构造演化对含油气盆地类型、盆地结构和生储盖发育规律的控制作用。受全球板块构造演化影响,北非地区经历了5期构造演化阶段:(1)晚元古代—早寒武世基底拼合和裂谷发育阶段;(2)寒武纪—早石炭世克拉通内拗陷发育阶段;(3)晚石炭世—早二叠世海西造山阶段;(4)晚二叠世—早白垩世裂谷盆地发育阶段;(5)晚白垩世—现今阿尔卑斯造山阶段。以海西造山作用为标志,形成古生代冈瓦纳期成盆旋回和中新生代特提斯期成盆旋回。北非西部盆地演化以古生代冈瓦纳期旋回占主导,在霍加尔地盾周边形成克拉通拗陷叠加盆地;东部盆地演化以中新生代特提斯旋回占主导,形成中新生代裂谷盆地和被动陆缘盆地。受盆地发育特征控制,西部克拉通拗陷叠加盆地烃源岩以志留系、泥盆系泥岩为主,储集层包括古生界和三叠系,区域盖层为志留系页岩和上三叠统—下侏罗统蒸发岩;东部裂谷盆地烃源岩以白垩系、古近系、新近系为主,储集层包括裂谷前古生界和裂谷期中生界、新生界,区域盖层为中新生代裂谷晚期蒸发岩。总的来看,北非地区差异构造演化控制了其含油气盆地形成机制差异和源储盖发育规律。

特提斯造山带

特提斯造山带,是欧亚大陆主要克拉通之间,洋壳俯冲消亡过程中包含的洋板块及微陆块,发生过强烈的构造搬运和构造混杂的构造(区)带。目前对特提斯(主要是原特提斯)的争议较大,本文综合利用前人构造地质、岩石学特征、构造年代学、生物古地理和板块运动学等最新成果,将特提斯造山带划分为元古代—古生代原特提斯造山带、晚古生代—三叠纪古特提斯造山带、三叠纪至新生代新特提斯造山带。原特提斯造山带,由中亚造山带(钦察弧)、乌拉尔造山带和秦-祁-昆造山带组成,中亚新元古代—古生代造山带是原特提斯主洋盆(古亚洲洋)弧盆系,乌拉尔新元古代—古生代造山带是原特提斯西部边缘弧盆系,秦-祁-昆新元古代—早古生代造山带是原特提斯东部(现南部)边缘弧盆系。古特提斯造山带,北界为断续分布的斯塔夫罗波尔-曼格什拉克-阿姆达利亚晚古生代缝合带—康西瓦(南昆仑)-阿尼玛卿-勉略(南秦岭)晚古生代缝合带,南界为高加索-赫拉特—澜沧江三叠纪缝合带,是丝绸之路晚古生代—三叠纪岩浆弧弧-弧碰撞(区)带。新特提斯造山带,位于古特提斯造山带南侧,南界为扎格罗斯缝合带(K2—E)—雅鲁藏布江缝合带(J3—E2),是中生代—新生代不同时间拼贴到劳(欧)亚大陆南缘的弧盆系。

Paleontologists Find New Fossil Link in Bird Evolution

Birds descended from theropod dinosaurs by the Late Jurassic,but our understanding of the earliest evolution of the Avialae,the clade comprising all modern birds but not Deinonychus or Troodon,has been hampered by a limited diversity of fossils from the Jurassic.

琼东南盆地二叠纪-三叠纪长英质岩浆作用:对南海北部陆缘构造属性与演化过程的启示

琼东南盆地发育二叠纪-三叠纪岩浆岩类,为研究南海北部陆缘古构造属性与大地构造演化过程提供了岩石探针。本文以基底长英质岩浆岩为研究对象,开展岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和锆石Lu-Hf同位素研究,探讨琼东南盆地二叠纪-三叠纪岩浆岩的时空分布、岩石成因及动力学背景。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学表明,琼东南盆地发育二叠纪-早三叠世、中三叠世和晚三叠世三期长英质岩浆作用(271~217Ma),且岩浆活动具有自南向北迁移的趋势。岩石地球化学分析揭示,二叠纪-早三叠世长英质岩具有较低的FeO/MgO和10000×Ga/Al比值,且强烈亏损Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta等元素,属于典型的陆缘弧I型花岗岩类;中三叠世和晚三叠世岩浆岩均具有较高的SiO_(2)、Mg^(#)、10000×Ga/Al和FeO/MgO比值,大多属于A型花岗岩类。同时,二叠纪-早三叠世长英质岩具有较低的Hf同位素组成(ε_(Hf)(t)=-7.61~-0.65),而中-晚三叠世长英质岩则大多具有较高的Hf同位素组成。岩石成因分析揭示,二叠纪-早三叠世I型花岗岩类起源于古老陆壳的部分熔融,而中三叠世和晚三叠世A型花岗岩类则部分起源于古老长英质地壳熔融,部分则起源于新生地壳熔融,并伴随有壳幔相互作用。综合分析表明,二叠纪-三叠纪期间南海北部陆缘主要受控于古特提斯造山作用控制,且先后经历了二叠纪至早三叠世的古特提斯洋壳俯冲、中三叠世印支板块与华南板块碰撞以及晚三叠世碰撞后伸展等动力学过程。

巴基斯坦新特提斯构造–岩浆演化与重要金属成矿作用

巴基斯坦在大地构造位置上处于印度、欧亚和阿拉伯三大板块的汇聚带,正同时发生着大陆碰撞和大洋俯冲作用,是研究地球系统深部圈层相互作用与成矿效应的绝佳天然实验室。但是,目前对于巴基斯坦构造演化与成矿作用的研究还不系统,对于巴基斯坦的大型–超大型矿床形成的背景和机制仍不清楚。笔者针对巴基斯坦不同类型的优势矿种开展了深入解剖和对比研究,系统梳理最新研究进展,围绕巴基斯坦新特提斯构造–岩浆演化与成矿作用响应的关键科学问题,分析铜矿、铬铁矿、铅锌矿以及碳酸岩有关的稀土矿床等重要金属成矿类型形成的构造环境以及与区域重大地质事件的耦合关系,总结巴基斯坦区域成矿规律,为资源潜力分析和境内外找矿勘查提供依据。

吕梁古隆起对鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组沉积的控制作用:基于陕西府谷剖面

中奥陶世马家沟组沉积时期,鄂尔多斯局限海周缘分布着一系列古隆起,其中吕梁古隆起对马家沟组沉积的控制作用研究相对薄弱,制约了对鄂尔多斯盆地东北部马家沟组沉积环境的认识。通过对陕西府谷剖面实测和采样,结合鄂尔多斯盆地北部的钻井、取心资料,分析了马家沟组的厚度、岩相类型及沉积微相变化,总结出吕梁古隆起对马家沟组沉积的控制作用。控制作用主要表现为:(1)吕梁古隆起的间歇性活动阻隔了鄂尔多斯局限海与华北广海的海水循环;(2)高海平面期,吕梁古隆起位于水下,对海水的阻隔作用弱,且古隆起区为开阔海灰坪,古隆起以西地层厚度变化较小,形成灰坪和云坪的沉积分异;(3)低海平面期,吕梁古隆起间歇性暴露,海水循环被明显阻隔,且古隆起区为潮间—潮上带的泥云坪,向东地层厚度减小,过渡为灰坪,而向西地层厚度迅速增加,形成泥云坪、膏云坪、膏盐湖的沉积分异。该研究成果为鄂尔多斯盆地北部马家沟组的沉积学研究提供了相关的岩石学和古环境方面的证据。