Post-Triassic thermal history of the Tazhong Uplift Zone in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China: Evidence from apatite fssion-track thermochronology

The Tarim Basin is a representative example of the basins developed in the northwest China that are characterized by multiple stages of heating and cooling.In order to better understand its complex thermal history,apatite fission track （AFT） thermochronology was applied to borehole samples from the Tazhong Uplift Zone （TUZ）.Twelve sedimentary samples of Silurian to Triassic depositional ages were analyzed from depths coinciding with the apatite partial annealing zone （～60-120 ℃）.The AFT ages,ranging from 132 ± 7 Ma （from a Triassic sample） to 25 ± 2 Ma （from a Carboniferous sample）,are clearly younger than their depositional ages and demonstrate a total resetting of the AFT thermometer after deposition.The AFT ages vary among different tectonic belts and decrease from the No.Ten Faulted Zone （133-105 Ma） in the northwest,the Central Horst Zone in the middle （108-37 Ma）,to the East Buried Hill Zone in the south （51 25 Ma）.Given the low magnitude of post-Triassic burial heating evidenced by low vitrinite reflectance values （Ro ＜ 0.7％）,the total resetting of the AFT system is speculated to result from the hot fluid flow along the faults.Thermal effects along the faults are well documented by younger AFT ages and unimodal single grain age distributions in the vicinity of the faults.Permian-early Triassic basaltic volcanism may be responsible for the early Triassic total annealing of those samples lacking connectivity with the fault.The above arguments are supported by thermal modeling results.

Migration and accumulation characteristics of natural gas hydrates in the uplifts and their slope zones in the Qiongdongnan Basin,China

Various factors controlling the accumulation of natural gas hydrates(NGHs)form various enrichment and accumulation modes through organic combination.This study mainly analyzes the geological and geophysical characteristics of the NGHs occurrence in the uplifts and their slope zones within the deep-water area in the Qiongdongnan(QDN)Basin(also referred to as the study area).Furthermore,it investigates the dominant governing factors and models of NGHs migration and accumulation in the study area.The results are as follows.(1)The uplifts and their slope zones in the study area lie in the dominant pressure-relief direction of fluids in central hydrocarbon-rich sags in the area,which provide sufficient gas sources for the NGHs accumulation and enrichment through pathways such as gas chimneys and faults.(2)The top and flanks of gas chimneys below the bottom simulating reflectors(BSRs)show high-amplitude seismic reflections and pronounced transverse charging of free gas,indicating the occurrence of a large amount of gas accumulation at the heights of the uplifts.(3)Chimneys,faults,and high-porosity and high-permeability strata,which connect the gas hydrate temperature-pressure stability zones(GHSZs)with thermogenic gas and biogenic gas,form the main hydrate migration system.(4)The reservoir system in the study area comprises sedimentary interlayers consisting of mass transport deposits(MTDs)and turbidites.In addition,the reservoir system has developed fissure-and pore-filling types of hydrates in the pathways.The above well-matched controlling factors of hydrate accumulation enable the uplifts and their slope zones in the study area to become the favorable targets of NGHs exploration.

Structural patterns of fault damage zones in carbonate rocks and their influences on petroleum accumulation in Tazhong Paleo-uplift, Tarim Basin, NW China

Based on the outcrop survey,3D seismic data interpretation,drilling data analysis,the structural patterns and distribution of fault damage zones in carbonate strata of Tazhong Paleo-uplift were established to reveal the oil and gas enrichment law in the fault damage zones.The following findings were reached:(1)Through the filed survey,the fault damage zone system consists of fault core,damage zone with branch fault and fracture network.Affected by the active nature of the major faults,the fault damage zones differ in planar pattern and scale along the major faults.(2)3D seismic profiles reveal that there are three types of fault damage zones in carbonate strata in Tazhong paleo-uplift,strike-slip fault damage zones,thrust fault damage zones and superimposed fault damage zones.Featuring3 flowers and 3 root belts in vertical,the strike-slip fault damage zone can be subdivided into linear type,oblique type,feather type and horsetail type in plane.Thrust fault damage zones can be further divided into fault anticline type,anticline type and slope type.As the superimposition result of the above two kinds of fault damage zones,superimposed fault damage zones appear in three patterns,intersect type,encompassment type and penetrating type.(3)Cores from wells and geochemical data show oil and gas may migrate along the major fault and laterally.The feather type in strike-slip fault system,fault anticline type in thrust fault damage zone and intersect type in superimposed fault damage zone are possible sites for high production and efficiency wells.

塔里木盆地兰尕与和田河断裂带变形特征及成藏演化模式

塔里木盆地中部发育北北东向—近南北向“半走滑-半逆冲”的“Y”字形逆冲滑脱断裂,其构造样式与邻区断裂差异较大,两侧断裂体系也不同,目前对其形成机制和构造演化特征的认识尚不清楚。通过对和田河与兰尕断裂带的构造解析,研究其形成机制与演化特征;通过与塔河油田兰尕断裂带油气成藏特征对比,分析和田河断裂带油气运移聚集特征。研究表明:兰尕及和田河半走滑-半逆冲的“Y”字型逆冲滑脱断裂带形成于加里东晚期,向下收敛为走滑断裂,向上逆冲至志留纪地层内,形成断背斜。区域地应力是这2条断裂带形成的主要原因。早奥陶世末,受西南、东南和北部3面应力作用,塔北隆起形成大规模北北东向和北北西向走滑断裂,巴楚隆起形成北北东向走滑断裂。加里东运动晚期,受东昆仑和南天山洋挤压作用,形成向下收敛为走滑断裂、向上逆冲至志留纪地层内的逆冲滑脱断裂,并切割走滑断裂,使逆冲断裂上盘走滑断裂再活动,形成的缝网规模及破碎程度远比下盘及其他区域大。在后期构造运动作用下,逆冲断裂带内走滑断裂继承发育,并错断逆冲断裂。兰尕断裂带内发育两种有利成藏模式:①主干北北东向走滑断裂横向交切上倾断溶体油气成藏模式;②油气沿次级北北东向走滑断裂分段富集的断溶体油气成藏模式。海西运动晚期,和田河构造带沿主干断裂充注的油气向次级北北东向走滑断裂控制的缝洞型储层侧向调整,发育断溶体油气藏,油气沿断裂带分段富集。因此,南部背斜区北北东向断溶体为有利勘探目标。

隆起对砂岩型铀矿成矿的控制及找矿启示

沉积盆地古隆起对油气成藏起到明显控制作用,对砂岩型铀矿成矿的制约也不可忽视。砂岩型铀矿通常就位于盆地边缘构造斜坡带和盆地内部隆起附近。隆起对砂岩型铀矿成矿的控制具体体现在:控制地下水补-径-排体系、控制层间氧化作用、控制沉积相带发育、伴生断裂促进物质输运以及为成矿供给铀等。中国北方沉积盆地中新生代以来经历复杂的构造活动,盆地域内非均衡发展而多形成隆起,因此我国铀矿找矿尤其需要重视隆起对铀成矿的控制。其中,盆地内部找矿应重点关注被大幅抬升的隆起,而盆地边缘构造斜坡带上找矿需重视微隆起以及基底上覆地层的褶皱。将隆起作为关键控矿要素,优选适用的攻深找盲方法,精细刻画盆地基底隆升形成的背斜、褶皱及伴生断裂,可有效提高铀矿找矿效率并拓展铀矿找矿空间。

鲁中南典型地热区地热水氟分布特征及其驱动机制

山东省鲁中南典型地热区主要包括沂沭断裂带地热区和鲁中隆起地热区,为了探明研究区地热水氟分布特征及其富集规律,综合运用水化学图解、地球化学模拟和主成分分析等方法,分析沂沭断裂带地热区和鲁中隆起地热区地热水水化学数据。结果表明:研究区地热水以Na-Ca-Cl型、Na-Ca-SO_(4)-Cl型和Na-Cl^(-)SO 4型为主,基本为弱碱性水,优势阳离子为Na^(+),氟质量浓度在0.38~4.5 mg/L之间,富钠弱碱性环境有利于地热水中氟的富集。地热水中F-质量浓度与Na^(+)、Cl^(-)和总溶解固体(TDS)质量浓度呈显著正相关,而沂沭断裂带地热水样中F-质量浓度还与K^(+)、SO_(4)^(2-)质量浓度呈显著正相关,与Mg^(2+)和HCO_(3)质量浓度呈显著负相关;鲁中隆起地热区地热水中阳离子交换作用较沂沭断裂带地热区更为强烈,Na^(+)反应强度明显强于Mg^(2+)。鲁中隆起地热区和沂沭断裂带地热区均为裂隙型热储,热储岩性分别为石灰岩、灰岩热蚀变带和安山岩破碎带,水岩作用强烈。研究区地热水中氟离子的物质来源主要为萤石等含氟矿物的溶解沉淀,受控于阳离子交换等水岩相互作用影响,最终形成高氟地热水,其中高温和富钠对研究区地热水中氟离子富集影响较大。研究成果为地热资源开发利用提供了参考。

气体地球化学勘查在巴—麦地区砂岩型铀矿找矿中的应用

塔里木盆地内部砂岩型铀矿找矿十分迫切。针对该盆地地质构造相对复杂、沉积地层厚度大、勘查手段受到沙漠-荒漠地貌的限制、勘查程度较低和地表成矿信息弱的特点,在巴楚隆起—麦盖提斜坡带地区(巴—麦地区)开展能指示深部地层环境的H_(2)S、CH_(4)、H_(2)、CO_(2)和4He气体地球化学区域测量研究。结果表明,几种土壤气体浓度能够较为清晰地显示各自异常分布范围,并指示盆地地层中可能的铀异常信息,气体地球化学测量方法是一种相对高效的盆地区域地表勘查方法。在综合测区断裂分布、油气藏、水文等地质条件和气体化学反应性质的基础上,分析气体浓度异常成因及分布综合特征,测区东北部、东南部及色力布亚断裂和巴什托断裂所夹持部分地段具有几种气体组份浓度异常叠加,地层中可能发育氧化-还原地球化学障,是有利的找矿预测区,为该地区砂岩型铀矿勘查提供参考依据。

塔中凸起张扭走滑断裂带分段构造特征及生长机制

塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩发育斜向挤压背景下的压扭走滑断裂,但塔中凸起发现了一系列张扭走滑断裂,并对油气富集具有重要的控制作用。基于塔中凸起西部地区三维地震资料,结合相干、曲率等属性,统计走滑断裂运动参数,运用走滑断裂构造解析方法,优选塔中凸起F_(Ⅱ)21走滑断裂带开展走滑断裂分段建模研究,并探讨其生长机制。结果表明,F_(Ⅱ)21走滑断裂带具有平面分段、垂向分层特征,奥陶系碳酸盐岩顶面发育线状构造、斜列构造、马尾构造、翼尾构造、辫状构造和叠覆构造。走滑断裂构造高差分布特征揭示了走滑断裂带的分段生长与尾端扩张生长机制,该断裂带为调节走滑断裂带两侧反向收缩变形的变换断裂,经历雁列断裂阶段、生长连接阶段及再激活雁列断裂阶段的演化过程。

老挝班康姆铜金矿床“岩浆核杂岩”隆起-拆离带构造控矿特征

老挝班康姆铜金矿床位于东南亚思茅—彭世洛地块南缘构造活跃带,是与中生代岩浆岩有关的大型铜金矿床。该区具有巨大的资源潜力,但地质研究程度相对较低,其成矿模式和演化规律等理论问题尚未完全解决。本文通过对成矿岩体分布特征、断裂构造变形特征和拆离带构造成矿特征的研究,揭示矿床岩浆核杂岩隆起特征与拆离带构造特征,认为班康姆矿床受控于“岩浆核杂岩”及其边界的隆起-拆离带构造,为岩浆核杂岩隆起-拆离带构造热液铜金矿床。班康姆矿床“岩浆核杂岩”构造由“岩浆杂岩体核、拆离带构造和火山-沉积岩”三个部分组成,岩浆杂岩体核主要由花岗闪长岩组成。花岗闪长岩与安山岩和灰岩接触带下盘发育有似片麻理构造,片理产状以核部花岗闪长岩为中心,呈现外倾的特征,推断为岩浆岩上侵过程中受到区域挤压剪切应力的作用形成。磁法和激电测量结果,反映班康姆矿床矿化蚀变带和岩浆核杂岩的分布关系,结合地质实测的岩体分布信息,推测深部存在隐伏岩体。拆离带构造发育于下盘花岗闪长岩体与上盘火山-沉积岩之间,是铜金矿化的集中地段,且拆离带构造中矿化蚀变岩的形成年龄(244~251 Ma),晚于杂岩体侵位年龄(264±10 Ma)。通过对拆离带构造及两侧小型构造观测与分析,可知拆离带构造剖面上呈上陡下缓的“铲”式形态学特征,具有明显的早期韧性变形、晚期脆性变形的特点,其上盘的主运动方向为NWW向。本文提出班康姆铜金矿床的东南部同样具有“岩浆核杂岩”隆起-拆离带构造成矿模式的特征,为有利的找矿靶区。

大跨度铁路钢-混组合梁负弯矩区桥面板抗裂措施研究

为研究铁路荷载作用下大跨度钢-混组合梁负弯矩区桥面板开裂情况及抗裂技术,以某主跨168 m的铁路钢-混组合连续刚构桥为背景,采用MIDAS Civil软件对桥面板受力情况进行建模分析,并开展抗拔不抗剪连接件技术及预应力技术对桥面板抗裂性能影响的研究,结合抗裂措施工作原理及施工可行性,提出适用于减小负弯矩区桥面板裂缝宽度的实施方案。结果表明:采用普通栓钉连接、桥面板常规配筋条件下的钢-混组合梁,运营阶段主力及主力+附加力工况下负弯矩区桥面板裂缝宽度均不满足规范要求;墩顶处桥面板与0号块固结及非固结2种形式下,抗拔不抗剪连接件桥面板抗裂方案均不适用,抗拔不抗剪连接件的适应性受桥面板与0号块连接构造及桥面板整体与钢桁架上弦杆顶面连接形式影响较大;对桥面板配置纵向预应力筋能有效降低拉应力水平,设后浇带预应力筋张拉方案负弯矩区桥面板最大拉应力较桥面板浇筑成型后张拉预应力筋方案更低,更能充分发挥预应力效应,且便于工程实施,建议工程应用中宜控制湿接缝占比小于10%,预应力筋锚固断面拉应力突变值宜控制在2 MPa以内。

The Geology, Fluid Inclusions, and O-S Isotopes of the Mibei Gold Deposit, Hunan Province, Southern China

The Mibei gold deposit,located in the southwestern part of the Xuefengshan uplift zone,the middle section of the Jiangnan orogenic belt in southern China,has estimated gold resources of approximately seven tons.This deposit is primarily a quartz vein-type gold deposit,with ore bodies occurring mainly within Neoproterozoic metasediments.The main metallic minerals in the ore are pyrite,chalcopyrite,and arsenopyrite.In this study,the petrography and microthermometry of ore-forming fluid inclusions,oxygen isotopes of gold-bearing quartz,and sulfur isotopes of goldbearing sulfides and arsenopyrite were analyzed.Three types of fluid inclusions were identified:type Ⅰa three-phase inclusions comprising vapor and two phases of liquids(V_(CO_(2))+L_(CO_(2))+L_(H2O)),type Ⅰb two-phase liquids(L_(CO_(2))+L_(H2O)),typeⅡ two-phase vapor-rich inclusions(V/V+L> 50%),and type Ⅲ pure liquid inclusions.Type Ⅰ inclusions were heated uniformly to the liquid phase,type Ⅱ inclusions were heated uniformly to the gas phase,and type Ⅲ inclusions were heated without change.In general,the temperature range of homogenization to liquid phase of fluid inclusions in the Mibei gold deposit is 204-227℃.The salinity of the inclusion ranges from 4.6 to 12.2 wt% NaCl equiv.The δ~(18)O_(SMOW) of gold-bearing quartz varies from 16.9‰ to 17.5‰.The δ~(18)O_(H2O) of gold-bearing quartz are varied from 6.5‰ to 7.5‰.The δ~(34)S values of gold-bearing pyrite range from 1.7‰ to 6.8‰.The δ~(34)S values of gold-bearing arsenopy rite range from 5.6%o to 5.9‰.Theδ~(34)S values of pyrite from wall rocks slate range from 6.4‰ to 11.6‰.This evidence implies that the ore-forming fluids of the Mibei gold deposit originated from magmatic-hydrothermal processes,mixing with minor S from the surrounding metasediments.Combined with the evolution of the Jiangnan orogenic belt,due to the magmatic and tectonic activities of the Xuefengshan uplift during the Caledonian period,the fault seal mechanism controlled the ore-forming process.Overall,the Mibei gold deposit is more akin to a magmatic-hydrothermal gold deposit.

松辽盆地北部中央古隆起基岩气藏形成条件与有利勘探区

为寻找松辽盆地中央古隆起基岩天然气富集区,分析了其天然气成因和有利成藏条件,优选了基岩气藏有利勘探区块。研究结果表明:①松辽盆地北部中央古隆起天然气组分和成因与徐家围子断陷类似,均是以甲烷为主的高—过成熟的煤型气,显示基岩气藏气源主要来自古隆起东侧徐家围子断陷。②优质烃源岩、有利储层、立体输导通道和优良盖层等有利条件耦合是形成基岩气藏的关键,沙河子组烃源岩泥岩和煤岩TOC平均分别为4.33%和32.56%,处于高过成熟阶段,宋站和徐西等生烃洼槽生烃强度普遍大于180×10^(8)m^(3)/km^(2),是基岩重要的气源;受风化和破裂作用影响,基岩顶、底形成的风化壳孔缝层、内幕裂缝层等有利储层孔隙度分别为4.3%和1.3%,渗透率分别为0.45 mD和6.3 mD;风化壳、断层和裂缝耦合形成“S”型、“T”型和“断缝体”型输导通道,促进了天然气的侧向运移;登娄库组泥岩厚度大、突破压力高,且其形成时间早于天然气大规模运移和充注成藏期,使得基岩气藏得以保存。③中央古隆起带可分为3个有利勘探区,北部汪家屯凸起和昌德凸起主要为风化壳气藏,发育“S”型、“T”型输导通道,气藏受输导通道和保存条件联合控制,南部肇州凸起则以基岩内幕气藏为主,发育“断缝体”型输导通道,气藏受储层厚度、物性和圈闭影响明显。

隧道穿越不同倾角断层破碎带围岩变形分析

针对隧道穿越断层破碎带过程中出现的围岩变形问题,依托延庆至崇礼高速公路河北段金家庄隧道穿越不同倾角断层破碎带工程,通过FLAC3D数值模拟方法,研究该隧道在穿越不同倾角断层破碎带过程中的围岩变形规律。结果表明,在不同倾角断层破碎带工况下,拱顶沉降最大值总是位于断层带的下侧,而仰拱隆起最大值总是在断层带上侧,且其变化曲线都呈现“稳定变形-缓慢增大-突变变形-缓慢减小-稳定变形”5个变化阶段。各倾角对断层破碎带前后影响区域不同,主要呈现“减小-增大”的趋势,在90°时最小;30°与150°时最大。

超大面积深基坑盆式开挖的工程实例分析

基坑回弹变形是基坑开挖卸载过程影响基坑安全较大的因素之一。基坑回弹量与卸荷量、基坑面积、支撑和围护结构等方面有关,基坑回弹量过大时,会带动立柱桩上抬,将降低混凝土内支撑的承载力或使钢支撑失稳破坏,超大型基坑回弹变形尤其明显。除对基坑支护结构采取针对性措施外,通过基坑土方开挖工序的优化,也可以达到降低基坑回弹量的目的。结合上海宝山区某全地下污水厂超大面积深对基坑工程实例,分析盆式开挖方式对超大面积深基坑回弹的影响。最终计算及实测数据表明:由于底板提前分块形成,充分发挥了工程抗拔桩的作用,基坑回弹变形量显著减小。

Geomorphic indices and relative tectonic uplift in the Guerrero sector of the Mexican forearc

Tectonically active areas,such as forearc regions,commonly show contrasting relief,differential tectonic uplift,variations in erosion rates,in river incision,and in channel gradient produced by ongoing tectonic deformation.Thus,information on the tectonic activity of a defined area could be derived via landscape analysis.This study uses topography and geomorphic indices to extract signals of ongoing tectonic deformation along the Mexican subduction forearc within the Guerrero sector.For this purpose,we use field data,topographical data,knickpoints,the ratio of volume to area（Rva）.the stream-length gradient index（St）,and the normalized channel steepness index（k_（sn））.The results of the applied landscape analysis reveal considerable variations in relief,topography and geomorphic indices values along the Guerrero sector of the Mexican subduction zone.We argue that the reported differences are indicative of tectonic deformation and of variations in relative tectonic uplift along the studied forearc.A significant drop from central and eastern parts of the study area towards the west in values of R_（VA）（from ~500 to^300）,St（from ~500 to ca.400）,maximum St（from ~1500-2500 to ~ 1000） and k_（sn）（from ~150 to ~100） denotes a decrease in relative tectonic uplift in the same direction.We suggest that applied geomorphic indices values and forearc topography are independent of climate and lithology.Actual mechanisms responsible for the observed variations and inferred changes in relative forearc tectonic uplift call for further studies that explain the physical processes that control the forearc along strike uplift variations and that determine the rates of uplift.The proposed methodology and results obtained through this study could prove useful to scientists who study the geomorphology of forearc regions and active subduction zones.

Fault characteristics and control on hydrocarbon accumulation of middle-shallow layers in the slope zone of Mahu sag, Junggar Basin, NW China

The development, evolution and formation mechanism of faults and their control on the migration and accumulation of Mesozoic oil and gas in the middle-shallow layers of the slope zone of Mahu sag were studied by the interpretation of seismic and drilling data. Two types of faults, normal and strike-slip, are developed in the middle-shallow layers of the slope zone of the Mahu sag and they are mostly active in the Yanshanian period. They are divided into four grade faults: The grade I strike-slip faults with NWW to near EW direction are related to the left-lateral transpressive fault zones in the northwest of Junggar Basin since the end of the Triassic. The grade II faults with NE to NNE direction are the normal faults located at the junction of the fault zone and the slope zone, and their formation is related to the extension at the top of the nose-like structures in the fault zone. The grade III faults, which are also the normal faults, are the result of the extension at the top of the lower uplifts in the slope zone and differential compaction. The grade IV faults with NE direction are normal faults, which may be related to the extension environment at the tip of the lower uplifts. Faults not only are the channel for the vertical migration of oil and gas, but also control the oil-gas accumulation. There are two types of oil-gas reservoirs in the middle-shallow layers of slope zone of Mahu sag: fault block reservoirs and fault-lithologic reservoirs. They have large traps and promising exploration potential.

Differences and controlling factors of composite hydrocarbon accumulations in the Tazhong uplift, Tarim Basin, NW China

Based on three-dimensional seismic interpretation, structural and sedimentary feature analysis, and examination of fluid properties and production dynamics, the regularity and main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Tazhong uplift, Tarim Basin are investigated. The results show that the oil and gas in the Tazhong uplift has the characteristics of complex accumulation mainly controlled by faults, and more than 80% of the oil and gas reserves are enriched along fault zones. There are large thrust and strike-slip faults in the Tazhong uplift, and the coupling relationship between the formation and evolution of the faults and accumulation determine the difference in complex oil and gas accumulations. The active scale and stage of faults determine the fullness of the traps and the balance of the phase, that is, the blocking of the transport system, the insufficient filling of oil and gas, and the unsteady state of fluid accumulation are dependent on the faults. The multi-period tectonic sedimentary evolution controls the differences of trap conditions in the fault zones, and the multi-phase hydrocarbon migration and accumulation causes the differences of fluid distribution in the fault zones. The theory of differential oil and gas accumulation controlled by fault is the key to the overall evaluation, three-dimensional development and discovery of new reserves in the Tazhong uplift.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ALKALINE VOLCANIC ROCKS OF PLIOCENE IN THE WESTERN PART OF HONGHE FAULT ZONE

A set of pull\|apart basins were formed along the Weixi—Qiaohou right\|lateral slip shear zone of the western part of Honghe fault zone during the period from Miocene to Quaternary.A rock suite of alkaline basalt\|trachyte\|leucite phonolite is distributed in the Pliocene basin developed in the middle and northern parts of the fault. The location of these rocks and the features of the basin indicate the close relationship between the rock suite and the strike\|slipping.. The sedimentological and chronological evidences prove that Dianxi plateau uplifted quickly in the Pliocene. We can get the information about the plutonic process of the uplift of the plateau from this alkaline rock association. There are mainly olivine\|pyroxene\|trachyandesite and biotite\|trachyte in the rock association. The rocks are often of porphyritic texture and block or semi\|directional flowage structure while the matrix is of trachytic or microcrystalline texture. The phanerocrysts are diopsidic augite, rimpylite, biotite and perthite (olivine sometimes can be seen). The matrix are made up of alkaline feldspar microcrystalline (30%～50%), short\|grained diopside (10%～15%), light\|colored volcanic glass (0～15%) and some magnetite, while feldspar microcrystalline in some rocks are arranged directionally. And there are sharp\|edged or round pyroxenite enclaves and hemicrystalline of short grained sinaite, biotite sinaite and felsic breccia in the trachyte, with good demarcation line. The pyroxenite enclaves in the trachyte are of different size, and the size of the biggest ones are 10cm or so with the characteristic of plastic yield flowing. Sinaite hemicrystalline may come from the older intrusions of Pliocene and Eocene epoch.

Gravity anomaly and crustal density structure in Jilantai rift zone and its adjacent region

This paper deals with the interpretation of Bouguer gravity anomalies measured along a 250 km long Suhaitu-Etuokeqi gravity profile located at the transitional zone of the Alxa and Ordos blocks where geophysical characteristics are very complex. The analysis is carried out in terms of the ratio of elevation and Bouguer gravity anomaly, the normalized full gradient of a section of the Bouguer gravity anomaly （Gh） and the crustal density structure reveal that （1） the ratio of highs and lows of elevation and Bouguer gravity anomaly is large between Zhengyiguan fault （F4） and Helandonglu fault （F6）, which can be explained due to crustal inhomogeneities related to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet block in the northeast; （2） the main active faults correspond to the Gh contour strip or cut the local region, and generally show strong deformation characteristics, for example the Bayanwulashan mountain front fault （F1） or the southeast boundary of Alxa block is in accord with the western change belt of Gh, a belt about 10 km wide that extends to about 30 km; （3） Yinchuan- Pingluo fault （FS） is the seismogenic structure of the Pin- gluo M earthquake, and its focal depth is about 15 km; （4） the Moho depth trend and Bouguer gravity anomaly vari- ation indicates that the regional gravity field is strongly correlated with the Moho discontinuity.

陆内岩浆核杂岩隆起-拆离构造--胶东地区研究实例

在胶东地区金矿矿田构造研究的基础上,把岩浆核杂岩和拆离构造联系起来,提出陆内岩浆核杂岩隆起-拆离构造的新模式,并认为中生代该区不发育变质核杂岩构造。经过10多年的构造变形蚀变岩相填图、岩浆岩结构构造填图和古地磁研究、运动学测量,结合地球物理资料分析发现,胶东地区典型的玲珑岩浆核杂岩隆起-拆离构造显示出长垣状、拱曲形态的穹窿,表现为:①穹窿核部由多期和多构造性质的花岗质杂岩组成;②花岗杂岩体被断层圈闭,这些中低角度铲状形态的拆离带剪切断裂,其宽大的破碎岩带显示了韧-脆性变形叠加,发生岩浆期后热液交代蚀变矿化作用;③拆离断层上盘岩石围绕岩浆核分布,由基底变质岩和中生代沉积岩组成,呈滑脱凹陷状态。岩浆核杂岩隆起-拆离构造是符合东亚陆内构造岩浆活化背景的一个新模式。通过岩浆核杂岩隆起-拆离构造研究,提出岩浆隆起和拉分盆地属于同一构造系统,挤压构造岩浆隆起和引张拆离凹陷带是应力场转化过程的产物,而拆离铲式断裂和脆-韧性叠加的构造岩带是成矿预测的目标,并把区域成岩成矿规律作为直接观测和勘查的标志,在区域地质成矿规律研究、地质调查、成矿预测等方面具有广泛推广价值和示范引导意义。