One of the maximum residences of activated carbon is adsorption capacity, this significance grows every day in a variety of fields. One of its examples is water treatment, processing of potable, all of those residence...One of the maximum residences of activated carbon is adsorption capacity, this significance grows every day in a variety of fields. One of its examples is water treatment, processing of potable, all of those residences deliver capacity of activated carbon in smell elimination and flavor in residues of dissolved natural and color. Activated carbon was made from the carbonization of palm tree leave’s stems and activated using calcium chloride, then tested with an increase in reactivity indicated by iodine adsorption test up to 68.6% reactivity increase in commercial sample and 48.7% in palm tree leaves sample. As the methods and precursors of activated carbon are very diverse and result in deferent adsorption properties, the primary test includes: carbonization of palm tree leaves, size reduction and classification of the charcoal produced, applying an iodine test on the non-activated sample, activating another sample with activating agent CaCl<sub>2</sub> to comparison between the activated carbon and the non-activated carbon and shows the increasing in the adsorption capacity for elemental iodine in activated carbon.展开更多
Like many fruit trees, palm trees provide large amounts of non valued products. Composting is considered as the most promising technique for the valorisation of these products. In this work, the heap composting way is...Like many fruit trees, palm trees provide large amounts of non valued products. Composting is considered as the most promising technique for the valorisation of these products. In this work, the heap composting way is evaluated. Several physicochemical （pH, humidity, salinity, density, organic matter rate, C/N ratio, heavy metals） and some microbiological parameters （total and faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, streptococci and salmonella） are studied after compost maturation. Main results show that palm compost is characterised by a neutral pH （7.87）, low humidity （40.77%）, high organic matter （50%）, high salinity （2.06 g/L）, acceptable C/N ratio （12.2）, low density （0.43 g/cm3）, high conductivity （3.22 ms/cm）, 109.6 ppm of NH4 and 256.66 ppm of HNO3. Finally, microbiological parameters respect hygiene requirements in comparison with compost quality standards.展开更多
Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng (baba?u) is a palm tree of considerable economic importance in Brazil, especially in the northeast portion of the country. The myxobiota of baba?u was studied by examining living and d...Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng (baba?u) is a palm tree of considerable economic importance in Brazil, especially in the northeast portion of the country. The myxobiota of baba?u was studied by examining living and dead trunks, leaves, inflorescences and fallen fruits on the ground during the wet season at the Teresina Park, Piauí State, Brazil. Taxonomic diversity, species diversity, frequency of occurrence, abundance and constancy of each species were determined in two areas of deciduous mixed forest. The taxonomic diversity of the myxobiota was similar, with values of 1.5 and 1.6 for the two areas. The highest frequency of occurrence value was recorded for the spathe (50% -54%), followed by the petiole (18% -19%) and leaf sheath (4% -19%). Myxomycetes were absent on fallen fruits and rare on the leaf blade (6%) and dead (9%) or living (2%) trunks. Hemitrichia serpula (Scop.) Rostaf. ex Lister, Perichaena depressa Lib., Arcyria cinerea (Bull.) Pers. and H. calyculata (Speg.) M. L. Farr were the species characterized by the highest levels of constancy, abundance and frequency. Cribraria microcarpa (Schrad.) Pers. and Stemonitopsis typhina (F. H. Wigg.) Nann.-Bremek. were occasionally present. Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (Mull.) T. Macbr., Clastoderma debaryanum A. Blytt, Craterium aureum (Schumach.) Rostaf. and Physarum melleum (Berk. & Broome) Massee were infrequently encountered. Other species recorded were Arcyria denudata (L.) Wettst., Cribraria cancellata (Batsch.) Nann.-Bremek., C. violacea Rex, Lycogala exiguum Morgan, Metatrichia vesparia (Batsch) Nann.-Bremek. ex G. W. Martin, Physarum bogoriense Racib., P. nucleatum Rex, P. pusillum (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) G. Lister and Stemonitis axifera (Bull.) T. Macbr. The myxobiota of the shaded study area was characterized by a higher diversity (6.10) than the unshaded area (2.10), and the incidence of myxomycetes on the A. speciosa trees selected for study was appreciably higher (100% and 40%, respectively).展开更多
A comprehensive review of scientific literature has uncovered no reported cases of date palm trees infected by a virus and no viral infections have been reported by farmers. In spite of the hot and humid environment t...A comprehensive review of scientific literature has uncovered no reported cases of date palm trees infected by a virus and no viral infections have been reported by farmers. In spite of the hot and humid environment they inhabit, the abundance of viral infestations in the soil, other plants and organisms surrounding the trees and the frequency of importation and transplantation of these trees into the region. Such conditions should cause the date palms to also be infected. Notably, other palm trees do not exhibit the same level of innate viral immunity that is found in date palms. The date palm tree’s innate viral immunity is a virgin area in botanical research. The biological segment in date palm tree DNA that enables survival under genotoxic radiation also deserves further investigation. This field of study may enable the breeding of other economically important plants to improve desert ecology and economy, land management, agriculture and horticulture.展开更多
In this work, the potential of natural and pretreated palm tree trunk (PTT) as agents for adsorption of an organic dye, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (2,6-DCPIP) from aqueous solutions was probed. Natural and acetic ac...In this work, the potential of natural and pretreated palm tree trunk (PTT) as agents for adsorption of an organic dye, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (2,6-DCPIP) from aqueous solutions was probed. Natural and acetic acid treated PTT were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and by the point of zero charge (pzc). The biosorption of 2,6-DCPIP was investigated in batch mode using natural and treated PTT. This study was achieved by highlighting several parameters such as the contact time, biosorbents dosage, the initial concentration of 2,6-DCPIP, the pH of the solution, the ionic strength and the interfering ions. The results showed that 2,6-DCPIP was successfully adsorbed from aqueous solutions by natural and treated PTT. The equilibrium was attained after 40 minutes for treated PTT and 20 minutes for natural PTT. The maximum capacity of adsorption was obtained at pH = 2. The adsorption isotherms were investigated and it was found that the experimental data were best described by the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm for the natural PTT (R2 = 0.979) and by the Temkin isotherm for the treated PTT (R2 = 0.976). The maximum adsorption capacities determined by Langmuir isotherm were found as 108.932 and 157.233 μmol·g–1 for natural and treated PTT, respectively. The adsorption kinetics was analyzed and was best described by the pseudo-second order model (R2 ≥ 0.998). The diffusion mechanism was studied and the result showed that external mass transfer is the main rate controlling step. The desorption of 2,6-DCPIP is favorable in alkaline medium.展开更多
The spatial distributions and associations of plant species in a stand can provide essential information about their dynamics.However,since tree spatial distribution and association depend on factors that operate at d...The spatial distributions and associations of plant species in a stand can provide essential information about their dynamics.However,since tree spatial distribution and association depend on factors that operate at different scales,disentangling the effects of environmental heterogeneity and plant-plant interactions requires the choice of a suitable null model for spatial analysis.We analyzed the spatial distributions of the same savanna palm tree populations that were studied,the underlying hypothesis being that these distributions have changed in 20 years.To remove the effect of large-scale environmental heterogeneity,the inhomogeneous L-function under the heterogeneous Poisson null model was used.We showed:(i)unlike 20 years ago,adults had a regular distribution instead of an aggregated distribution in the grass savanna;(i)although the spatial distribution of seedlings and juveniles was always aggregated,we observed a decrease in the size of the aggregates(intensities);ili)except for juveniles,no other stages were associated with nutrient-rich patches,which was also different 20 years ago;(iv)we did not observe any particular difference in structure between two study sites,only that female palm trees were spatially associated with entire-leafed seedlings in the reserve while they were spatially independent in the rural area.Our study supports the hypothesis that the spatial distributions have partially changed,and that the management of spatial heterogeneity has improved and given more precision in the results.展开更多
Because of socio-economic importance of date palm in North Africa, the scientific community has always followed the progression of parasitic disease that affects it. The study was performed on population of thirty pal...Because of socio-economic importance of date palm in North Africa, the scientific community has always followed the progression of parasitic disease that affects it. The study was performed on population of thirty palm trees belonging to three cultivars of the oases of south-west Algeria TOUAT Gourara. The analytical protocol consists of a hot hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of I g of leaf material dried and ground. Structural analysis of compounds present in extracts was conducted by chromatographic and spectrophotometric techniques. Through the analysis of all HPLC profiles of phenolic acids, we have established three chemotypes： resistant with the highest heights, sensitive, with the lowest height, finally low sensitivity or tolerant with intermediate heights. The increased synthesis of C-glycoflavones, within diseased palms, can be seen as the first sign of plant response to fungal attack, or even as a defense mechanism so these flavonoids correspond to ＂pre-inhibitines＂. It has not been found qualitative differences between different cultivars studied. The merits of our work show a negative correlation between flavonoid content and the level of lignification in the date palm, suggests that the process of lignification is more rapid in resistant cultivars. We can say that there is a constitutive resistance.展开更多
The effects of variety and tapping length on several physical, biochemical, nutritional and micro-biological parameters (viscosity, pH, Total Titratable Acidity (TTA), fermenting microorganisms, contaminants) of palm ...The effects of variety and tapping length on several physical, biochemical, nutritional and micro-biological parameters (viscosity, pH, Total Titratable Acidity (TTA), fermenting microorganisms, contaminants) of palm wine extracted from two varieties of palm oil tree (Dura and Tenera) were studied. Each variety presented its own palm wine specific characteristics regarding the chosen parameters. Microbiological and biochemical contents of palm wine were determined during the tapping of Dura and Tenera felled oil palm trees for 4 weeks. Some differences in chemical compositions between fresh palm wine samples of two palm trees varieties were observed. The exudates obtained during the first day of tapping of Dura palm wine were very sugary, less sour and did not contain substantial concentrations of alcohol but the highest loads of microorganisms were observed in Tenera palm wine. Throughout the tapping of palm wine, yeasts and lactic acid bacteria population changed with undoubtedly influence on the palm wine quality.展开更多
文摘One of the maximum residences of activated carbon is adsorption capacity, this significance grows every day in a variety of fields. One of its examples is water treatment, processing of potable, all of those residences deliver capacity of activated carbon in smell elimination and flavor in residues of dissolved natural and color. Activated carbon was made from the carbonization of palm tree leave’s stems and activated using calcium chloride, then tested with an increase in reactivity indicated by iodine adsorption test up to 68.6% reactivity increase in commercial sample and 48.7% in palm tree leaves sample. As the methods and precursors of activated carbon are very diverse and result in deferent adsorption properties, the primary test includes: carbonization of palm tree leaves, size reduction and classification of the charcoal produced, applying an iodine test on the non-activated sample, activating another sample with activating agent CaCl<sub>2</sub> to comparison between the activated carbon and the non-activated carbon and shows the increasing in the adsorption capacity for elemental iodine in activated carbon.
文摘Like many fruit trees, palm trees provide large amounts of non valued products. Composting is considered as the most promising technique for the valorisation of these products. In this work, the heap composting way is evaluated. Several physicochemical （pH, humidity, salinity, density, organic matter rate, C/N ratio, heavy metals） and some microbiological parameters （total and faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, streptococci and salmonella） are studied after compost maturation. Main results show that palm compost is characterised by a neutral pH （7.87）, low humidity （40.77%）, high organic matter （50%）, high salinity （2.06 g/L）, acceptable C/N ratio （12.2）, low density （0.43 g/cm3）, high conductivity （3.22 ms/cm）, 109.6 ppm of NH4 and 256.66 ppm of HNO3. Finally, microbiological parameters respect hygiene requirements in comparison with compost quality standards.
文摘Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng (baba?u) is a palm tree of considerable economic importance in Brazil, especially in the northeast portion of the country. The myxobiota of baba?u was studied by examining living and dead trunks, leaves, inflorescences and fallen fruits on the ground during the wet season at the Teresina Park, Piauí State, Brazil. Taxonomic diversity, species diversity, frequency of occurrence, abundance and constancy of each species were determined in two areas of deciduous mixed forest. The taxonomic diversity of the myxobiota was similar, with values of 1.5 and 1.6 for the two areas. The highest frequency of occurrence value was recorded for the spathe (50% -54%), followed by the petiole (18% -19%) and leaf sheath (4% -19%). Myxomycetes were absent on fallen fruits and rare on the leaf blade (6%) and dead (9%) or living (2%) trunks. Hemitrichia serpula (Scop.) Rostaf. ex Lister, Perichaena depressa Lib., Arcyria cinerea (Bull.) Pers. and H. calyculata (Speg.) M. L. Farr were the species characterized by the highest levels of constancy, abundance and frequency. Cribraria microcarpa (Schrad.) Pers. and Stemonitopsis typhina (F. H. Wigg.) Nann.-Bremek. were occasionally present. Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (Mull.) T. Macbr., Clastoderma debaryanum A. Blytt, Craterium aureum (Schumach.) Rostaf. and Physarum melleum (Berk. & Broome) Massee were infrequently encountered. Other species recorded were Arcyria denudata (L.) Wettst., Cribraria cancellata (Batsch.) Nann.-Bremek., C. violacea Rex, Lycogala exiguum Morgan, Metatrichia vesparia (Batsch) Nann.-Bremek. ex G. W. Martin, Physarum bogoriense Racib., P. nucleatum Rex, P. pusillum (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) G. Lister and Stemonitis axifera (Bull.) T. Macbr. The myxobiota of the shaded study area was characterized by a higher diversity (6.10) than the unshaded area (2.10), and the incidence of myxomycetes on the A. speciosa trees selected for study was appreciably higher (100% and 40%, respectively).
文摘A comprehensive review of scientific literature has uncovered no reported cases of date palm trees infected by a virus and no viral infections have been reported by farmers. In spite of the hot and humid environment they inhabit, the abundance of viral infestations in the soil, other plants and organisms surrounding the trees and the frequency of importation and transplantation of these trees into the region. Such conditions should cause the date palms to also be infected. Notably, other palm trees do not exhibit the same level of innate viral immunity that is found in date palms. The date palm tree’s innate viral immunity is a virgin area in botanical research. The biological segment in date palm tree DNA that enables survival under genotoxic radiation also deserves further investigation. This field of study may enable the breeding of other economically important plants to improve desert ecology and economy, land management, agriculture and horticulture.
文摘In this work, the potential of natural and pretreated palm tree trunk (PTT) as agents for adsorption of an organic dye, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (2,6-DCPIP) from aqueous solutions was probed. Natural and acetic acid treated PTT were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and by the point of zero charge (pzc). The biosorption of 2,6-DCPIP was investigated in batch mode using natural and treated PTT. This study was achieved by highlighting several parameters such as the contact time, biosorbents dosage, the initial concentration of 2,6-DCPIP, the pH of the solution, the ionic strength and the interfering ions. The results showed that 2,6-DCPIP was successfully adsorbed from aqueous solutions by natural and treated PTT. The equilibrium was attained after 40 minutes for treated PTT and 20 minutes for natural PTT. The maximum capacity of adsorption was obtained at pH = 2. The adsorption isotherms were investigated and it was found that the experimental data were best described by the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm for the natural PTT (R2 = 0.979) and by the Temkin isotherm for the treated PTT (R2 = 0.976). The maximum adsorption capacities determined by Langmuir isotherm were found as 108.932 and 157.233 μmol·g–1 for natural and treated PTT, respectively. The adsorption kinetics was analyzed and was best described by the pseudo-second order model (R2 ≥ 0.998). The diffusion mechanism was studied and the result showed that external mass transfer is the main rate controlling step. The desorption of 2,6-DCPIP is favorable in alkaline medium.
基金the Programme d'Appui Strategique ala Recherche Scientifique(Project No.164)de la Cote d'Ivoire.
文摘The spatial distributions and associations of plant species in a stand can provide essential information about their dynamics.However,since tree spatial distribution and association depend on factors that operate at different scales,disentangling the effects of environmental heterogeneity and plant-plant interactions requires the choice of a suitable null model for spatial analysis.We analyzed the spatial distributions of the same savanna palm tree populations that were studied,the underlying hypothesis being that these distributions have changed in 20 years.To remove the effect of large-scale environmental heterogeneity,the inhomogeneous L-function under the heterogeneous Poisson null model was used.We showed:(i)unlike 20 years ago,adults had a regular distribution instead of an aggregated distribution in the grass savanna;(i)although the spatial distribution of seedlings and juveniles was always aggregated,we observed a decrease in the size of the aggregates(intensities);ili)except for juveniles,no other stages were associated with nutrient-rich patches,which was also different 20 years ago;(iv)we did not observe any particular difference in structure between two study sites,only that female palm trees were spatially associated with entire-leafed seedlings in the reserve while they were spatially independent in the rural area.Our study supports the hypothesis that the spatial distributions have partially changed,and that the management of spatial heterogeneity has improved and given more precision in the results.
文摘Because of socio-economic importance of date palm in North Africa, the scientific community has always followed the progression of parasitic disease that affects it. The study was performed on population of thirty palm trees belonging to three cultivars of the oases of south-west Algeria TOUAT Gourara. The analytical protocol consists of a hot hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of I g of leaf material dried and ground. Structural analysis of compounds present in extracts was conducted by chromatographic and spectrophotometric techniques. Through the analysis of all HPLC profiles of phenolic acids, we have established three chemotypes： resistant with the highest heights, sensitive, with the lowest height, finally low sensitivity or tolerant with intermediate heights. The increased synthesis of C-glycoflavones, within diseased palms, can be seen as the first sign of plant response to fungal attack, or even as a defense mechanism so these flavonoids correspond to ＂pre-inhibitines＂. It has not been found qualitative differences between different cultivars studied. The merits of our work show a negative correlation between flavonoid content and the level of lignification in the date palm, suggests that the process of lignification is more rapid in resistant cultivars. We can say that there is a constitutive resistance.
文摘The effects of variety and tapping length on several physical, biochemical, nutritional and micro-biological parameters (viscosity, pH, Total Titratable Acidity (TTA), fermenting microorganisms, contaminants) of palm wine extracted from two varieties of palm oil tree (Dura and Tenera) were studied. Each variety presented its own palm wine specific characteristics regarding the chosen parameters. Microbiological and biochemical contents of palm wine were determined during the tapping of Dura and Tenera felled oil palm trees for 4 weeks. Some differences in chemical compositions between fresh palm wine samples of two palm trees varieties were observed. The exudates obtained during the first day of tapping of Dura palm wine were very sugary, less sour and did not contain substantial concentrations of alcohol but the highest loads of microorganisms were observed in Tenera palm wine. Throughout the tapping of palm wine, yeasts and lactic acid bacteria population changed with undoubtedly influence on the palm wine quality.
