Snow disaster characteristics in Palongzangbu River Basinand mitigation countermeasures for road engineering

The Palongzangbu River Basin contains the highest number of maritime province glaciers in China. There are 130 glacial lakes, 64 snow avalanche sites and 28 glacial debris flow gullies distributed within the basin. Snow disasters play a controlling role in the Sichuan-Tibet Highway construction, due to the terrain’s special characteristics of high altitude and large height differential. Segmentation mitigation countermeasures for the Sichuan-Tibet Highway are presented based on snow disaster severity level and damage mode of the road. In the Ranwu to Midui section, snow avalanches are regional disasters, so the line should be placed in sunny slopes. In the Midui Gully to Yupu section, the line should be placed in shady slopes and at higher elevations to reduce the risk of glacial lake outburst. In the Yupu to Guxiang section, all three snow disasters are minimal. In the Guxiang to Tongmai section, glacier debris flows are the major threat, thus the road should be placed in shady slopes.

帕隆藏布流域冰川泥石流易发性研究

帕隆藏布流域地处藏东南高海拔,高地应力,高烈度,高地温的地形急变带,现代海洋性冰川分布,流域内冰川泥石流频发,合理评价流域内冰川泥石流易发性对工程建设具有重要意义。考虑到目前流行的机器学习算法应用的局限性,采用因子分析和证据权模型相耦合的方法建立易发性评估模型。将帕隆藏布划分为169个子流域,通过遥感解译和现场调查确定泥石流发育情况,并选取14个与冰川泥石流相关的影响因子进行分析。结果表明:冰川泥石流极高易发区集中在帕隆藏布干流古乡至通麦段、波堆藏布上游段、瓤达曲小流域段,共包括104个子流域,总流域面积为2308.4 km^(2),占所有子流域面积的24%。

帕隆藏布流域沟槽型雪崩发育特征及分布规律研究

采用遥感手段解译帕隆藏布流域9106处沟槽型雪崩灾害点,通过应用GIS方法结合ALOS高精度数字地形数据,统计分析了帕隆藏布流域沟槽型雪崩的分布规律,并对典型沟槽雪崩的地形地貌及结构等发育特征进行了研究。结果显示:(1)帕隆藏布流域沟槽型雪崩发育明显的积雪区、运动区和堆积区,具有雪崩量大、运动速度快、冲击能量大、破坏力强等特征。(2)研究区沟槽型雪崩灾害分布呈从北到南、从东向西降低的趋势,集中分布在高海拔、森林覆盖率较低、狭窄陡峻的河谷岸坡上。(3)研究区沟槽型雪崩灾害分布在海拔3200∼5700 m内,坡度在25°∼50°之间,坡向在60°∼132°、222°∼288°范围内。

帕隆藏布流域低频泥石流的成因机制分析——以倾多镇抄布隆巴泥石流为例

2017年8月3日西藏波密县倾多镇抄布隆巴暴发泥石流,此前70余年未暴发过泥石流,作为帕隆藏布流域典型的低频泥石流,对其成因进行分析,为大量的冰川融水使位于沟源处的大量冰水堆积体处于饱和状态,使土体内部摩擦系数大大降低,黏聚力急剧减小,超过土体稳定性临界点突然发生溃决及大规模崩滑,致使沟道内堆积的大量冰水堆积物进入沟道形成泥石流。并采用形态实测法和称重法等方法计算其流量、流速及重度。通过分析抄布隆巴泥石流的成因,对帕隆藏布流域低频泥石流的成因进行了探讨,并得出了帕隆藏布流域低频泥石流大部分以冰川型泥石流为主,且预测区域内泥石流沟将进入新一轮活跃期,具多频次、多成因、规模不等的暴发趋势。