The Tajik nationality, with a population of 33,538, mainly settle in the Taxkorgan Tajik Nationality Autonomous County. They have their own language, but no written script. Many of them can speak and write in Uygur. T...The Tajik nationality, with a population of 33,538, mainly settle in the Taxkorgan Tajik Nationality Autonomous County. They have their own language, but no written script. Many of them can speak and write in Uygur. Taxkorgan, the only county of China with Pakistan as neighbor, is located on the highest part of the Pamir Plateau, on whose south stands the Qogir Peak,8,611 metres above the sea level, the second-highest peak of the world. The magnificent Pamir trained the Tajik to be brave, firm and generous. Their ancestors smoothed the Silk Road. The opening of Kungjirap port has energised the local economy.展开更多
为系统、深入地研究中国西部盆(盆地)、山(山脉)、原(高原)的壳幔结构与深部动力学过程,2003年我们提出并领导实施了“羚羊计划”(ANTILOPE-Array Network of Tibetan International Lithospheric Observation and Probe Experiments),...为系统、深入地研究中国西部盆(盆地)、山(山脉)、原(高原)的壳幔结构与深部动力学过程,2003年我们提出并领导实施了“羚羊计划”(ANTILOPE-Array Network of Tibetan International Lithospheric Observation and Probe Experiments),在青藏高原先后完成了羚羊-I(ANTILOPE-I)到羚羊-IV(ANTILOPE-IV)4条二维宽频带台阵剖面,而在青藏高原东西构造结则实施了羚羊-V和羚羊-VI两个三维宽频带台阵探测。另外,我们将前期在准噶尔盆地、天山造山带、塔里木盆地、阿尔金造山带和柴达木盆地开展的九条综合地球物理观测剖面也纳入羚羊计划的总体框架中来。通过“羚羊计划”的实施,我们在中国西部(包括西北部的环青藏高原盆山体系以及西南部的青藏高原)取得了大量的、高质量的、综合的第一手观测数据,获得了中国西部盆、山、原精细的壳幔结构,系统地揭示了中国西部盆山原的深部地球动力学过程。主要结论总结如下:确定了准噶尔盆地基底的结构与属性,优化了盆地的基底构造格架;建立了天山造山带“层间插入削减”新的陆内造山模式,揭示了印欧碰撞在天山岩石圈缩短44%的去向以及由洋陆俯冲到陆陆碰撞俯冲的转换机制;揭示了塔里木盆地、阿尔金造山带和柴达木盆地的盆山接触关系;获得了塔里木盆地顺时针旋转的深部几何学、运动学和动力学证据;确定了青藏高原之下印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞边界;发现目前的青藏高原由南部的印度板块、北部的欧亚板块和夹持于二者之间的巨型破碎区——西藏“板块”构成,首次确定了各自的岩石圈底边界;修正了高原变形的两个端员模型;建立了深部构造对地表地形的制约关系;系统地揭示了印度板块沿喜马拉雅造山带俯冲的水平距离与俯冲角度的变化规律与控制因素。“羚羊计划”以其巨大的观测网络与综合地球物理探测技术,采用地球物理学、地质学、地球化学等不同学科相结合的分析方法,揭示了印度板块俯冲、西藏巨型破碎区发育、塔里木板块顺时针旋转、西部水汽通道提前关闭、中国西北部干旱、沙漠化提前这一深部结构、动力学过程及其对地表地形、油气资源和环境变化的制约关系,推动了青藏高原地球系统科学理论的发展。展开更多
On a deglaciated terrain,glacial gravel is the primary component of the natural habitat for vascular plant colonization and succession.Knowledge regarding the role of glacial gravel in vascular plant growth,however,re...On a deglaciated terrain,glacial gravel is the primary component of the natural habitat for vascular plant colonization and succession.Knowledge regarding the role of glacial gravel in vascular plant growth,however,remains limited.In this study,an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)was used to investigate plant family composition,species richness,fractional vegetation cover(FVC),and gravel cover(GC)along elevational gradients on the three glacier forelands(Kekesayi,Jiangmanjiaer,and Koxkar Baxi)of the Third Pole(including the eastern Pamir Plateau and western Tianshan Mountains)in China.We then analyzed the spatial characteristics of vascular plants followed by exploring the effect of glacial gravel on vascular plants.Findings indicated that FVC on these glacier forelands generally decreased as the elevation increased or distance from the current glacier terminus decreased.The shady slope(Kekesayi)was more vegetated in comparison to the sunny slope(Jiangmanjiaer)at the glacier basin scale,and the warm and humid deglaciated terrain(Koxkar Baxi)had the highest FVC at the regional scale.Plant family composition and species richness on the glacier forelands decreased with rising elevation,with the exception of those on the Jiangmanjiaer glacier foreland.The relationships between FVC and GC presented negative correlations;particularly,they exhibited variations in power functions on the Kekesayi and Jiangmanjiaer glacier forelands of the eastern Pamir Plateau and a linear function on the Koxkar Baxi glacier foreland of the western Tianshan Mountains.Glacial gravel was found to be conducive to vegetation colonization and development in the early succession stage up until vascular plants adapted to the cold and arid climatic condition,whereas it is unfavorable to the expansion of vascular plants in the later succession stage.These findings suggested that the spatial difference of plant characteristics had close connections with regional climatic and topographic conditions,as well as glacial gravel distribution.In addition,we concluded that aerial photographs can be an asset for studying the functions of micro-environment in vegetation colonization as well as succession on the glacier forelands.展开更多
文摘The Tajik nationality, with a population of 33,538, mainly settle in the Taxkorgan Tajik Nationality Autonomous County. They have their own language, but no written script. Many of them can speak and write in Uygur. Taxkorgan, the only county of China with Pakistan as neighbor, is located on the highest part of the Pamir Plateau, on whose south stands the Qogir Peak,8,611 metres above the sea level, the second-highest peak of the world. The magnificent Pamir trained the Tajik to be brave, firm and generous. Their ancestors smoothed the Silk Road. The opening of Kungjirap port has energised the local economy.
文摘为系统、深入地研究中国西部盆(盆地)、山(山脉)、原(高原)的壳幔结构与深部动力学过程,2003年我们提出并领导实施了“羚羊计划”(ANTILOPE-Array Network of Tibetan International Lithospheric Observation and Probe Experiments),在青藏高原先后完成了羚羊-I(ANTILOPE-I)到羚羊-IV(ANTILOPE-IV)4条二维宽频带台阵剖面,而在青藏高原东西构造结则实施了羚羊-V和羚羊-VI两个三维宽频带台阵探测。另外,我们将前期在准噶尔盆地、天山造山带、塔里木盆地、阿尔金造山带和柴达木盆地开展的九条综合地球物理观测剖面也纳入羚羊计划的总体框架中来。通过“羚羊计划”的实施,我们在中国西部(包括西北部的环青藏高原盆山体系以及西南部的青藏高原)取得了大量的、高质量的、综合的第一手观测数据,获得了中国西部盆、山、原精细的壳幔结构,系统地揭示了中国西部盆山原的深部地球动力学过程。主要结论总结如下:确定了准噶尔盆地基底的结构与属性,优化了盆地的基底构造格架;建立了天山造山带“层间插入削减”新的陆内造山模式,揭示了印欧碰撞在天山岩石圈缩短44%的去向以及由洋陆俯冲到陆陆碰撞俯冲的转换机制;揭示了塔里木盆地、阿尔金造山带和柴达木盆地的盆山接触关系;获得了塔里木盆地顺时针旋转的深部几何学、运动学和动力学证据;确定了青藏高原之下印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞边界;发现目前的青藏高原由南部的印度板块、北部的欧亚板块和夹持于二者之间的巨型破碎区——西藏“板块”构成,首次确定了各自的岩石圈底边界;修正了高原变形的两个端员模型;建立了深部构造对地表地形的制约关系;系统地揭示了印度板块沿喜马拉雅造山带俯冲的水平距离与俯冲角度的变化规律与控制因素。“羚羊计划”以其巨大的观测网络与综合地球物理探测技术,采用地球物理学、地质学、地球化学等不同学科相结合的分析方法,揭示了印度板块俯冲、西藏巨型破碎区发育、塔里木板块顺时针旋转、西部水汽通道提前关闭、中国西北部干旱、沙漠化提前这一深部结构、动力学过程及其对地表地形、油气资源和环境变化的制约关系,推动了青藏高原地球系统科学理论的发展。
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA19070501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41671066)+2 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(2018FY100502)the Young Scholars Science Foundation of Lanzhou Jiaotong University(1200061124)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(131C11KYSB20160061)。
文摘On a deglaciated terrain,glacial gravel is the primary component of the natural habitat for vascular plant colonization and succession.Knowledge regarding the role of glacial gravel in vascular plant growth,however,remains limited.In this study,an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)was used to investigate plant family composition,species richness,fractional vegetation cover(FVC),and gravel cover(GC)along elevational gradients on the three glacier forelands(Kekesayi,Jiangmanjiaer,and Koxkar Baxi)of the Third Pole(including the eastern Pamir Plateau and western Tianshan Mountains)in China.We then analyzed the spatial characteristics of vascular plants followed by exploring the effect of glacial gravel on vascular plants.Findings indicated that FVC on these glacier forelands generally decreased as the elevation increased or distance from the current glacier terminus decreased.The shady slope(Kekesayi)was more vegetated in comparison to the sunny slope(Jiangmanjiaer)at the glacier basin scale,and the warm and humid deglaciated terrain(Koxkar Baxi)had the highest FVC at the regional scale.Plant family composition and species richness on the glacier forelands decreased with rising elevation,with the exception of those on the Jiangmanjiaer glacier foreland.The relationships between FVC and GC presented negative correlations;particularly,they exhibited variations in power functions on the Kekesayi and Jiangmanjiaer glacier forelands of the eastern Pamir Plateau and a linear function on the Koxkar Baxi glacier foreland of the western Tianshan Mountains.Glacial gravel was found to be conducive to vegetation colonization and development in the early succession stage up until vascular plants adapted to the cold and arid climatic condition,whereas it is unfavorable to the expansion of vascular plants in the later succession stage.These findings suggested that the spatial difference of plant characteristics had close connections with regional climatic and topographic conditions,as well as glacial gravel distribution.In addition,we concluded that aerial photographs can be an asset for studying the functions of micro-environment in vegetation colonization as well as succession on the glacier forelands.
