The Main Diseases and Control Measures of Panax notoginseng(Burk) F. H. Chen in Wuzhou City

The main symptoms of root rot,anthracnose,blight and damping-off of Panax notoginseng( Burk) F. H. Chen are introduced in the paper,and the corresponding control measures are elaborated from the aspects of agricultural management measures,seed disinfection,seedbed treatment and chemical control.

HPLC法测定人参、西洋参和三七不同部位中人参皂苷的含量

目的:为了探讨人参、西洋参和三七中人参皂苷的资源含量,以确保人参、西洋参和三七中人参皂苷资源充分被利用,为开发以人参皂苷为主的创新药物提供科学数据。方法:采用高效液相色谱法对人参、西洋参和三七不同部位中人参皂苷的含量进行测定。色谱条件为:Agilent 1100 Series 高效液相色谱仪;色谱柱为德国 Nucleosil-C_(18)(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm);流动相为水-乙腈梯度洗脱,流速1.5 mL·min^(-1);A为水,B为乙腈;梯度洗脱程序为:0～16 min,56%B;16～20 min,56%→100%B;20～38 min,100%B;38～45 min,100%→56%B;45～60 min,56%B;60～70 min,56%B。所有组分均70 min 内出完。检测波长203 nm,柱温35℃,灵敏度为0.02AUFS。线性关系考察r=0.9994;精密度试验 RSD=0.26%,平均回收率为99.88%,重现性试验 RSD=2.0%,分离度为R=3.042。结果:人参须根含有较高的人参皂苷 Rb_1(1.082%),人参茎叶则含有较高的人参皂苷 Rc(1.002%)、Re(3.430%)和 Rg_1(1.303%);西洋参根含有较高的人参皂苷 Rb_1(2.213%)和 Re(0.9188%),西洋参芦头中含有较高的人参皂苷 Rb_1(2.840%)和Re(1.224%);三七根含有较高的人参皂苷 Rb_1(2.163%)和 Rg_1(2.633%),三七芦头中含有较高的人参皂苷 Rb_1(4.376%)和 Rg_1(4.145%)。结论:高效液相色谱法分离、分析人参皂苷效果好、准确、迅速、简便,也可作为评价人参属植物质量的有效分析方法。建议对人参、西洋参和三七中含量较高的人参皂苷进行提取分离,直接用于创新药物的开发。

HPLC法同时测定三七总皂苷中人参皂苷Rg_1与Rb_1的含量

目的 建立 HPL C同时测定三七总皂苷中人参皂苷 Rg1 与 Rb1 的方法。方法 采用 HPL C法 ,以茶碱为内标 ,氨基键合相为固定相 ,流动相为乙腈 -水 (80∶ 2 0 ) ,检测波长 2 0 3nm。结果 三七总皂苷中人参皂苷 Rg1 和 Rb1与其他成分分离良好 ,保留时间分别约为 5 .7和 2 1.5 min。人参皂苷 Rg1 在 80～ 2 80μg/ m L (r=0 .9995 ) ,Rb1 在80～ 2 4 0 μg/ m L(r=0 .9993)线性关系良好 ,Rg1 和 Rb1 加样回收率分别为 97.1%和 98.4 %,RSD分别为 2 .4 4 %和 2 .35 %(n=9)。结论 本法操作简便 ,准确 ,重现性好 ,可用于人参及三七的质量控制。

人参炔醇对HL-60细胞体外诱导分化作用的研究

目的 通过细胞形态学和增殖动力学研究人参炔醇对 HL-60细胞诱导分化作用。方法 采用台盼蓝染色及细胞计数器测定细胞存活量 ,流式细胞仪检测人参炔醇对细胞周期和分子标志表达的影响 ,观察信号通路阻断剂对人参炔醇诱导细胞分化的影响。结果 人参炔醇使 HL-60细胞倍增时间延长 ,诱导 HL-60向单核细胞分化 ,细胞集中于 G1 期 ,显著上调细胞表面 CD14分子表达 ,并中度上调 CD11b分子表达 ,Rpc AMPS及 H7均可使人参炔醇诱导的 HL-60细胞 NBT阳性率降低。结论 人参炔醇诱导 HL-60向单核细胞分化 ,与细胞内腺苷酸环化酶(c AMP) ,蛋白激酶 C(PKC)信号通路活化有关。

HPLC法同时测定生三七和蒸制三七中10种皂苷类成分的含量

目的：建立生三七和蒸制三七中三七皂苷R1和人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rh1、Rb1、Rd、Rk3、Rh4、20（S）-Rg3、20（R）-Rg310种皂苷类成分的HPLC测定方法。方法：采用Vision HT C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）色谱柱;乙腈-水梯度洗脱,检测波长203 nm,流速1.2 m L/min,柱温20℃。结果：三七皂苷R1和人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rh1、Rb1、Rd、Rk3、Rh4、20（S）-Rg3、20（R）-Rg3的线性关系良好（r〉0.9995）;10种皂苷类成分的平均加样回收率为95.93%～102.54%。结论：该方法准确,重现性好,可用于生三七和蒸制三七中皂苷类成分的含量测定和质量控制,为三七“生打熟补”与物质变化之间的相关性研究提供了依据。

pH对三七块根花色苷颜色呈现和降解的效应(英文)

用分光光度法在体外研究了pH对三七块根花色苷呈色和降解的效应，结果表明：该花色苷在可见光区的吸收光谱和降解速率均具独特的pH依赖性。在pH2．0，该花色苷呈现最强烈的红色。随着pH从0增加到13．0，该花色苷在可见光区的最大吸收波长（λvis max）依次出现红移、蓝移，然后消失，在可见光区最大吸收波长处的吸光值（Aλvis max）呈现为一条单峰曲线，唯一的峰在pH2．0处。当原始pH值被恢复到2．0后，如果原始pH值≤6．0，花色苷的红色均被恢复得更浓烈，λvis max不同程度地趋向532nm，A州…。增加；如果原始pH值I〉7．0，花色苷的红色根本不能被恢复，λvis max几乎不变，Aλvis max仍然维持低水平。在15℃，黑暗中，该花色苷在pH0～6．0条件下均随时间而降解，在pH2．0时的降解速度最慢，当pH≤3．0时，该花色苷在总体上降解缓慢；此外，该花色苷的降解过程几乎符合一级反应动力学。本文可为三七块根颜色呈现的机理探索及其色素的开发、利用提供参考。

不同浓度的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH7.4)对血塞通注射液稳定性的影响

目的:探讨不同浓度的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH7.4)对血塞通注射液稳定性的影响。方法:配制不同浓度磷酸盐缓冲液(pH7.4)的血塞通注射液,80℃加热12天,测定加热第0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11和12天注射液中R1、Rg1和Rb1的含量。结果:5%的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH7.4)是维持血塞通注射液稳定的最低浓度。结论:加入浓度大于5%的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH7.4)能有效提高血塞通注射液的稳定性。

Loss of Genetic Diversity of Domesticated Panax notoginseng F H Chen as Evidenced by ITS Sequence and AFLP Polymorphism： A Comparative Study with P. stipuleanatus H T Tsai et K M Feng

In the present study, we evaluated the genetic diversity of Panax notoginseng F H Chen, a domesticated species, and P. stipuleanatus H T Tsai et K M Feng, an endangered wild species in southeastern Yunnan and adjacent areas in Vietnam, using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Twenty-four accessions from three plantations of P. notoginseng and 51 samples from eight populations of P. stipuleanatus were assayed. A total of 694 bp of partial sequences of 18S, ITS 1, 5.8S, ITS2, and partial sequences of 26S were obtained. No sequence variation was detected within P. notoginseng and nine sites (1.30%) were variable in P. stipuleanatus. Two-thirds of the variable sites were found between Langqiao and other populations. In P. notoginseng, four pairs of AFLP primer combinations generated 312 bands, of which 240 (76.9%) were polymorphic and 60.15% of the polymorphisms were harbored within plantations. Approximately 41.0% and 66.9% of bands were polymorphic in population D7 and 5589, respectively. In P.stipuleanatus, the same four primer combinations produced 346 bands, of which 334 (96.5%) were polymorphic and approximately 62.14% of polymorphisms were maintained within populations. Considerable variations were observed. The percentage of polymorphic bands ranged from 50.2% to 84.9% and the average over populations was 70.9%. Cluster analysis did not show correlation of genetic differentiation with the distinctive leaf morphology of P. stipuleanatus (i.e. one form with bipinnatifid leaflets and the other with undivided leaflets). Because over 40% of genetic variations were maintained among populations and because of the very restricted distribution of P. stipuleanatus, all natural populations of this species should be conserved in situ. Considering that there are variations in P. notoginseng within and among plantations, we suggest establishing a genetic resource conservation garden or reintroducing P. notoginseng into its native habitats in southwestern China. Such reintroduction should be carefully executed after large-scale screening of genetic variation within the species.

Identification and quality analysis of Panax notoginseng and Panax vietnamensis var.fuscidicus through integrated DNA barcoding and HPLC

Objective：Root or rhizome of Panax notoginseng（Sanqi）is known for its eutherapeutic effects.Panax vietnamensis var.fuscidicus,called Yesanqi or Yuenan sanqi by local residents,is also commercially available.They are similar in morphology,leading to serious safety problems in clinical medication.It is necessary to find the rapid and efficient methods to identify them.Methods：P.notoginseng and P.vietnamensis var.fuscidicus were identified by DNA barcoding based on the ITS2 sequence.Notoginsenoside R1 and ginsenosides（Rb1,Rg1,Re,Rd,Rc,and Rb2）were analyzed in the roots,fibrils,stems,leaves,and flowers of P.notoginseng and P.vietnamensis var.fuscidicus using high-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）.Results：P.notoginseng and P.vietnamensis var.fuscidicus were separated into branches of divergent clusters,and P.vietnamensis var.fuscidicus and Panax vietnamensis were clustered into a clade with 98%similarity according to DNA barcoding analysis.The chemical compositions of P.notoginseng and P.vietnamensis var.fuscidicus were similar in roots;while their compositions and contents of notoginsenoside R1 and ginsenosides in flowers,leaves,stems,and fibrils were different.Conclusion：ITS2 is a rapid and efficient method to identify P.notoginseng and P.vietnamensis var.fuscidicus.HPLC analysis indicated that pharmacological action might be different between P.notoginseng and P.vietnamensis var.fuscidicus.

Panax japonicus and chikusetsusaponins: A review of diverse biological activities and pharmacology mechanism

Panax japonicus, which in the Tujia dialect is known as "Baisan Qi" and "Zhujieshen", is a classic "qi" drug of Tujia ethnomedicine and it has unique effects on disease caused by "qi" stagnation and blood stasis.This paper serves as the basis of further scientific research and development of Panax japonicus. The pharmacology effects of molecular pharmacology were discussed and summarized. P. japonicus plays an important role on several diseases, such as rheumatic arthritis, cancer, cardiovascular agents, and this review provides new insights into P. japonicus as promising agents to substitute ginseng and notoginseng.

Process performance and quality attributes of temperature and step-down relative humidity controlled hot air drying of Panax notoginseng roots

The effects of temperature and step-down relative humidity controlled hot-air drying(THC-HAD)on the drying kinetics,energy efficiency and quality,i.e.,rehydration ratio(RR),color parameters(L*,a*,b*),total color difference(ΔE*),Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)content,and ginsenosides content(R1,Rg1,Re,Rd,Rb1)of Panax notoginseng roots were evaluated.The drying time was significantly affected by the drying temperature followed by the relative humidity(RH)of the drying air.Special combination of drying conditions,i.e.,drying temperature of 50°C,relative humidity of 40%for 3 h and then continuous dehumidification from 40%to 8%allowed to shorten the drying time by 25%compared to drying at the same temperature and continuous dehumidification.The longer was the drying time under constant high RH of drying air,the lower was the RR of dried samples.The step-down RH strategy contributed to the formation of a porous structure,enhancement of drying efficiency and quality improvement.Generally,the ginsenosides content increased with the increase in temperature,while no obvious trend was recorded for ginsenoside R1.The contents of the ginsenoside R1,Rg1,Rb1 and PNS decreased with the increase in the drying time under constant high RH.Taking into account the drying time,energy consumption and quality attributes,drying at the temperature of 50°C,constant RH of 40%for 3 h and then step-down RH from 40%to 8%was proposed as the most favorable combination of drying conditions for dehydration of whole Panax notoginseng roots.

Effects of combined infrared and hot-air drying on ginsenosides and drying characteristics of Panax notoginseng(Araliaceae)roots

Exploring new drying technology can help to deal with the challenge of better preservation of rhizome medicinal materials in the traditional Chinese medicine industry.In current work,combined infrared and hot-air drying(IR-HAD)was employed to Panax notoginseng roots and its effect on drying kinetics,energy efficiency and quality,i.e.,rehydration ratio(RR),color parameters(L^(*),a^(*),b^(*)),total color difference(ΔE),Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)content,and ginsenosides content(R_(1),R^(g1),R_(e),R_(d),R_(b1))were evaluated.Hot air drying(HAD)was used as the control.Results showed that the increase in drying temperature significantly shortened drying time and reduced energy consumption.The shortest drying time of 43.0 h and lowest specific energy consumption of 15.9 kW·h/(kg-water)were obtained by IR-HAD at 55°C.The decrease of radiation distance and the increase of radiation power led to the shortening of drying time.However,high drying temperature resulted in largeΔE values,large collapse structure,and RR of samples.The drying time of Panax notoginseng roots dried by IR-HAD at a drying temperature of 50°C was shorter(15.5%)than HAD dried at the same drying temperature.The contents of R_(1),R_(g1),R_(e),R_(b1),and PNS were higher when the samples were dried by IR-HAD than those dried by HAD at the same temperature of 50°C.Moreover,the IR-HAD dried samples shortened 15.5%drying time and saved 22.1%energy consumption compared with HAD.Therefore,the optimal process condition was Panax notoginseng roots under IR-HAD at drying temperature of 50°C,radiation distance of 12 cm and radiation power of 1350 W,which can shorten drying time,maintain high ginsenosides contents and satisfactory apparent qualities.

三七脂溶性化学成分的研究

目的 对三七的脂溶性部位进行化学成分研究。方法 以金黄色葡萄球菌的生长抑制实验为分离指导 ,采用硅胶柱层析、制备 TL C进行分离 ,通过波谱技术 (IR、MS、1 HNMR、1 3CNMR、DEPT、HMQC、HMBC)分析鉴定其化学结构。结果 从三七的石油醚提取物中分离得到 3个化合物 ,分别鉴定为 :人参炔醇 (panaxynol, )、人参环氧炔醇 (panaxydol, )和 β-谷甾醇 (β- sitosterol, )。结论 化合物 , 从三七中的分离得率分别为 0 .0 1%和0 .0 33%。

三七植物化学成分及药理作用研究进展

三七(Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen)含有皂苷类、多糖类、黄酮类、炔类、醇类等结构不同的多种化学成分,其有效成分以皂苷类和三七素为主,具有止血、活血、补血、抗血栓、保护心肌等多种药理作用,已被广泛用于临床疾病的治疗中。本文针对三七的应用现状,结合国内外相关文献,综述了三七皂苷及多糖类的主要活性成分类型,分别比较了三七皂苷及多糖的提取工艺,概述了三七活性成分在抗炎、抗肿瘤、提高免疫力、活血化瘀等方面的药理作用。为加强三七多糖的研究,优化三七活性物质提取工艺,完善三七总皂苷与其它药用成分配伍体系,进而加快三七植物的综合开发提供参考。

三七治疗动脉粥样硬化的研究进展

动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)是导致心脑血管事件发生的关键因素,为多种心脑血管疾病共同的病理生理基础。其证候、病机等属于中医理论的"血瘀证"。而三七自古便是历代医家常用的活血化瘀之要药。综述近年来三七在治疗动脉粥样硬化方面的研究进展。

不同生长年限三七中总皂苷含量的变化特征

[目的]研究不同生长产地、生长年限三七的不同部位(根、茎、叶)中三七总皂苷的变化规律,从而分析产地和生长年限对三七总皂苷的影响。[方法]采用紫外分光光度法测定三七药材中三七总皂苷的含量,测定波长为560 nm。[结果]虽然三七的根、茎、叶中的总皂苷的百分含量不同,但随着生长年限的增长都有一定量的增加。其中根部的总皂苷含量增加最为明显,平均每年增加量为46.5%,并在生长年限为2年时出现较大的波动性,茎部和叶内的总皂苷含量虽然都有所增加但增加的量不如根部明显,平均每年增加量分别为23.9%和33.9%,其中一年生三七的叶中总皂苷的含量有较大的波动性;三七根部的总皂苷含量是根、茎、叶3个部位中最高的。[结论]不同生长年限的三七和三七不同部位中三七总皂苷的含量存在明显差异。

三七中黄酮成分的含量测定

目的 考察不同产地、不同规格、不同采收期三七中的黄酮含量的变化规律 ,为三七的质量评价提供依据。方法 采用紫外分光光度法 ,在 2 4 9nm处测定槲皮素的量。结果 不同产地、不同采收期和不同规格的三七中黄酮含量有明显差异。结论 产地。

同时蒸馏萃取三七花挥发油成分的气相色谱-质谱分析

目的:测定中药三七花中挥发油成分。方法:采用自制的同时蒸馏萃取装置提取(水蒸气蒸馏,乙醚萃取)云南文山三七花的挥发油成分,然后经气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定,用峰面积归一化法定量。分析条件:HP-5石英毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm),程序升温50—250℃,分流进样,分流比50:1,进样温度250℃,MS检测器。结果:挥发油中共分离出91个成分,鉴定了其中53个化合物,主要为萜烯类及其含氧衍生物(71.15%)。含量较高的是匙叶桉油烯醇(12.19%)、α-古芸烯(6.73%)、双环吉马烯(6.57%)、吉马烯-D(5.26%)、双环榄香烯(3.55%)。结论:本方法提取和测定挥发油高效、适用、准确。

三七植株的性状差异及其对三七产量和质量影响的调查研究

目的 了解三七的性状差异对三七产量和质量的影响 ,确定三七的选育对象。方法 对三七茎杆的绿色和紫色 ,三七块根断面的绿色和紫色的田间调查和小区试验 ,找出了它们的自然分布规律及对三七产量、株高的影响 ,同时通过分析测定 ,寻找紫色块根三七与绿色块根三七在折干率、总皂苷含量和淀粉含量之间存在的差异。结果 绿茎三七的产量、株高、最大单株重和平均单株重均优于紫茎三七 ,但存苗率低于紫茎三七。绿三七的折干率高于紫三七 ,而紫三七的总皂苷含量比绿三七高 48.5 2 % ,淀粉含量则是绿三七比紫三七高 38.0 7%。结论 三七的品种选育应以绿茎紫块根三七为对象较好。

超临界CO2萃取三七总皂苷

三七总皂苷为药材三七的主要生物活性物质,已有的提取方法虽技术成熟,但存在提取率低、高污染等诸多缺点。该文以三七主根为原料,先采用粉碎工艺或轧胚工艺对其预处理,然后在超临界CO2中试设备中,分别考察了原料的两种预处理方法及提取工艺条件对三七总皂苷提取率的影响,通过正交实验对工艺条件进行了优化:粉碎工艺适宜的萃取温度45℃,压力38 MPa,CO2流量23 kg/h,夹带剂300 mL,萃取时间3.0 h,提取率7.97%;轧胚工艺适宜的萃取温度45℃,压力35 MPa,CO2流量20 kg/h,夹带剂350 mL,萃取时间2.5 h,提取率9.98%。该文报告工作的新颖性,已为教育部科技查新工作站(Z12)2007年10月10日出具的第ZDT 2007106号《科技查新报告》所证实。