Treatment of bleaching wastewater from pulp paper plants in China using enzymes and coagulants

The treatment of wastewater from pulp-paper plants in China by horseradish peroxidase was investigated in this study. The effects of horseradish peroxidase and coagulants were discussed in detail. The results indicated that enzymes might improve the removal of AOX, TOC and colour for pulp\|paper wastewater and modified chitosan is far more effective than Al\-2(SO\-4)\-3 to remove AOX, TOC and colour.

Ecofriendly Remediation of Pulp and Paper Industry Wastewater by Electrocoagulation and Its Application in Agriculture

In the present study pulp and paper industry effluent was treated with the help of aluminum electrode using electrocoagulation (EC) process with feasible sludge management. The influences of pH, time, current density and electrolytes dose were investigated and optimum conditions were established to reduce the maximum amount of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and color. At optimum conditions 70% of COD and 98% of color were removed. Additionally, the behavior of electrolytes (NaCl and Na2SO4) was determined;it has shown that Na2SO4 results in the generation of less secondary pollutants than that NaCl and thereby could be used as better replacement in paper industries for electrocoagulation mediated treatment of wastewater. The residual amount of operational parameters in EC treated water was compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India. It was found to be safe for utilization in irrigation. Furthermore, sludge produced during the EC process has been analyzed for physicochemical characteristics. To understand the physical and elemental phases of sludge, the analytical technique such as field emission electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy has been used to find out the possible management alternative.

Mutagenicity of Wastewater Extracts from Pulp and Paper Industry

Wastewater samples were collected from pulp and paper mill located in Kashipur (India) and were extracted using dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform and hexane solvents (all were HPLC-grade). The extracts were assayed for their mutagenic potential using Ames Salmonella mutagenicity assay. TA98 strain was found to be the most responsive, in terms of induction factor (Mi) and slope (m) of the initial linear dose-response curve as determined by linear regression analysis up to the increasing doses indicating the presence of frame shift mutagens in the test samples. Mutagenicity of different extracts is arranged as follows: dichloromethane extracted water samples > hexane extracted water samples > chloroform extracted water samples. Hexane extract exhibited maximum mutagenic index of 13.0 and induction factor (Mi) 2.48 with TA98. The order of responsiveness based on the mutagenic index and induction factor for the test samples was in the following order: TA98 > TA97a > TA100 > TA102 > TA104. Our findings suggest that TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102, TA104 were sensitive towards the wastewater extracts and showed considerable mutagenicity.

Lipid Production by <i>Rhodotorula glutinis</i>from Pulp and Paper Wastewater for Biodiesel Production

This study investigated the potential of oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula glutinis utilizing pulp and paper wastewater effluents as cultivation media for the sustainable production of microbial lipids as biodiesel feedstock. R. glutinis is oleaginous yeast, which has the ability to produce significant quantities of intercellular lipids in the form of triacylglycerols. Yeast lipids are a promising potential feedstock for biodiesel production due to similar fatty acid composition to plant oils. The effect of various carbon sources on biomass production, lipid accumulation, substrate utilization, and fatty acid composition using R. glutinis in the pulp and paper wastewater media was studied. The pulp and paper wastewater was supplemented with glucose, xylose, and glycerol as carbon sources under nitrogen-limited conditions. The maximum lipid productions of 1.3 - 2.9 g&bull;L–1, which corresponded to the intracellular lipid contents of 8% - 15% cell dry weight (CDW), were obtained under various carbon substrates. A kinetic study of the batch fermentation was performed in a 3 L aerobic batch fermenter to describe the cell growth, lipid accumulation, and substrate utilization process, and the kinetic parameter was estimated. The fatty acid profile of oleaginous yeast was rich in palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids and comparable to vegetable oils. Thus, the results of this study indicated that pulp and paper wastewater could be used to produce lipids as biodiesel feedstock.

Ferulic Acid in Paper Mulberry and Its Wastewater from Pulps Production

Wastewater from paper mulberry （Broussonetia papyrifera） pulps production was subjected to biological activities evaluations and phenolics characterization. The EtOAc extract was found to be the best antioxidant （IC50 = 0.4408 mg/mL） and tyrosinase inhibitor （IC50 = 1.6340 mg/mL） comparing to vitamin C （1C50 = 0.0011 mg/mL） and kojic acid （IC50 = 0.0244 mg/mL）, respectively, and the highest ferulic acid content （4.450 ±0.0077 ppm）. This fraction was further column chromatographed and antioxidant activity was archived （IC50 = 0.075 mg/mL） as well as tyrosinase inhibitory effect （IC50 = 0.042 mg/mL） in addition to ferulic acid （45.310 ± 0.0115 ppm）. Ferulic acid in paper mulberry was compared. Reflux with H2O gave the highest ferulic acid content （37.848 ± 1.2470 ppm） followed by a mixture of MeOH and H2O （2.002 ± 0.0370 ppm） and MeOH （1.185 ± 0.0320 ppm）, respectively. The reflux H2O was partitioned with EtOAc that extracted most of ferulic acid （256.678 ± 0.3760 ppm） and left less in the aqueous layer （9.408 ± 0.2820 ppm）.

A MECHANICAL MODEL FOR THE DRY BASIS WEIGHT PLANT OF PAPER MAKING PROCESS

Of the two methods of getting the mathematical model of a given system,modeling and i-dentification,the first is of the advantage of“knowing it in the detailed inside”.In this paper,after the common technological process of paper making is approached,a simplified physicalimitation and the mathematical model are presented.The resulted model by means of modelingis of the same form with that through,identification by K.J.Astrom in 1970.The course ofmodel deriving is described in detail,from which one can see clearly how the minor factors ofthe dynamics are omitted and what may be included in the unmodeled dynamics.At the sametime,the limit to its usage is also given.

Data Resource Management Platform of Paper-making Mill Equipment Operation based on Hadoop

Aiming at the ″Made in China 2025″ strategy proposed by the state and combining with the popular the Internet, Internet of things, big data, machine learning and other technologies, Hadoop-based open source framework is adopted to realize the equipment data resource management platform of paper-making mill equipment. In this paper, the main function module of the platform is introduced, and some of operational effect map from the C paper-making mill are shown, and the key technologies in the platform construction is studied. It proposal to combine the internet, the internet of things, big data and machine learning to improve the informatization of the paper-making mill equipment, and ensure production safety, optimize technological process, improve product competitiveness, and also provide the theoretical guidance and practical basis for constructing the similar projects.

Preparation of Mono-Dispersed Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) with Dodecyl Itaconate and Its Utilization in Paper-Making

Dodecyl itaconate (DI) was used as the dispersant for preparation of mono-dispersed carbon nanotubes in aqueous solution in this study. It is a unique type of anionic surfactant synthesized by the authors, and its high capability for dispersing CNTs is attributed to the double bond moiety on its head-group. Furthermore, author mixed aqueous mono-dispersed CNTs with pulp to produce the CNT-based paper. Different from the reported papermaking process, a novel adjusting PH process was employed to prepare paper. This method could transfer easily dispersing mono-dispersed CNTs in aqueous onto the surfaces of cellulose fibers, because PH adjustment of CNT-pulp is from the initial neutrality to weak acidity and then raising to alkalinity, The dispersion of tubes in cellulose matrix and characteristics of composite were investigated. Also, electrical resistance for retrieved CNT-based sheets was measured using fore-probe method.

Removal of Organic Matter from Paper Mill Effluent by Electrochemical Oxidation

The electrochemical oxidation of paper mill wastewater was studied using a dimensionally stable anode of composition Ti/RuPb(40%)Ox. The oxidation process was analyzed as a function of electrolysis time and with respect to the cell potential difference, electrolyte (NaCl) concentration, and pH of the sample. The purification of the effluent was evaluated through measurements of the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, and total polyphenols, and using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results showed that the presence of NaCl is a determining factor in the purification process. Electrolysis of wastewater containing 5 g/L NaCl at a cell potential difference of 6 V for 120 min, removed 99% of COD and the percent removal values of color and polyphenols were 95% after 15 min of electrolysis. The UV-Vis spectrum showed evidence of the formation of hypochlorite ions (ClO-) during the electrolysis process, indicating that the electrochemical oxidation proceeds via an indirect mechanism with the participation of hypochlorite ions.

Remediation of Pulp and Paper Industry Effluent Using Electrocoagulation Process

Electrocoagulation of pulp and paper industry effluent with SS-304 electrode has been carried out under varying process variable such as pH, current density, time and dose of electrolyte to find out the optimum conditions. Maximum reduction efficiency of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 82% and color more than 99% from pulp and paper industry wastewater at the following conditions pH = 7, current density = 24.80 mA/cm2 time = 40 min and dose of electrolytes = 1.0 g/L. Moreover, effects of electrolytes dosage on electricity consumption were observed and found to be that NaCl is better in comparison of Na2SO4 in respect of lower down the electricity consumption. But application of NaCl causes the formation of hazardous compounds as secondary pollutants within treated water. Therefore, Na2SO4 could be a potent replacement of NaCl to enhance the conductivity of paper industry effluent treated by EC process. The treated water has been compared with standard of Central Pollution control board (CPCB) and World Health organization, and found to be suitable for the reuse in irrigation.

Brain areas activated by uncertain reward-based decision-making in healthy volunteers

Reward-based decision-making has been found to activate several brain areas, including the ven- trolateral prefronta~ lobe, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, ventral striatum, and mesolimbic dopaminergic system. In this study, we observed brain areas activated under three de- grees of uncertainty in a reward-based decision-making task （certain, risky, and ambiguous）. The tasks were presented using a brain function audiovisual stimulation system. We conducted brain scans of 15 healthy volunteers using a 3.0T magnetic resonance scanner. We used SPM8 to ana- lyze the location and intensity of activation during the reward-based decision-making task, with re- spect to the three conditions. We found that the orbitofrontal cortex was activated in the certain reward condition, while the prefrontal cortex, precentral gyrus, occipital visual cortex, inferior parietal lobe, cerebellar posterior lobe, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, limbic lobe, and midbrain were activated during the ＇risk＇ condition. The prefrontal cortex, temporal pole, inferior temporal gyrus, occipital visual cortex, and cerebellar posterior lobe were activated during am- biguous decision-making. The ventrolateral prefrontal lobe, frontal pole of the prefrontal lobe, orbi- tofrontal cortex, precentral gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, infe- rior parietal Iobule, and cerebellar posterior lobe exhibited greater activation in the ＇risk＇ than in the ＇certain＇ condition （P 〈 0.05）. The frontal pole and dorsolateral region of the prefrontal lobe, as well as the cerebellar posterior lobe, showed significantly greater activation in the ＇ambiguous＇ condition compared to the ＇risk＇ condition （P 〈 0.05）. The prefrontal lobe, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, limbic lobe, midbrain, and posterior lobe of the cerebellum were activated during deci- sion-making about uncertain rewards. Thus, we observed different levels and regions of activation for different types of reward processing during decision-making. Specifically, when the degree of reward uncertainty increased, the number of activated brain areas increased, including greater ac- tivation of brain areas associated with loss.

Neural mechanism of proposer's decision-making in the ultimatum and dictator games

Previous studies have demonstrated that reactions to unfair offers in the ultimatum game are correlated with negative emotion. However, little is known about the difference in neural activity between a proposer＇s decision-making in the ultimatum game compared with the dictator game. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging study revealed that proposing fair offers in the dictator game elicited greater activation in the right supramarginal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus and left anterior cingulate cortex compared with proposing fair offers in the ultimatum game in 23 Chinese undergraduate and graduate students from Beijing Normal University in China. However, greater activation was found in the right superior temporal gyrus and left cingulate gyrus for the reverse contrast. ＂The results indicate that proposing fair offers in the dictator game is more strongly associated with cognitive control and conflicting information processing compared with proposing fair offers in the ultimatum game.

Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Properties of Electroless Nickel-coated Carbon Fiber Paper Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Carbon fibers（CFs） were coated with a nickel-phosphorus（Ni-P） film using an electroless plating process. The morphology, elemental composition and phases in the coating layer of the CFs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS） and X-ray diffraction（XRD）, respectively. Wet paper-making method was used to prepare nickle coated carbon fiber paper（NCFP）. Vacuum assisted infusion molding process（VAIMP） was employed to manufacture the NCFP reinforced epoxy composites, and carbon fiber paper（CFP） reinforced epoxy composites were also produced as a comparison. Electromagnetic interference（EMI） shielding properties of the composites were measured in the 3.22-4.9 GHz frequency range using waveguide method. Both NCFP and CFP reinforced epoxy composites of 0.5 mm thickness exhibited high EMI shielding effectiveness（SE） at 8wt% fiber content, 35 d B and 30 d B, respectively, and reflection was the dominant shielding mechanism.

PLC技术的造纸机械设备自动控制系统设计与研究

新型造纸公司依托于高科技实现了生产流程的机械化和自动化,造纸行业的生产效率和效益都得到了提升。PLC技术在工业自动化生产中应用广泛,在造纸机械设备的应用有利于提高造纸设备的自动化运转,同时有助于提高产品的质量,节约产品的人力成本和时间成本等。对PLC技术进行了简要介绍,并讨论了其在造纸机械设备的应用的形式以及自动化设计系统的设计等,为造纸行业的进一步发展提供更多的技术支撑。

大数据背景下造纸企业经营风险识别与管理优化研究

近年来,大数据技术的快速发展颠覆了造纸企业传统的风险控制模式,大数据技术在企业经营管理中实现降本增效的趋势越发明显。基于此,简述了造纸企业经营风险的种类与控制现状,探究了大数据时代给造纸企业经营风险控制带来的积极效应与消极影响,结合某些造纸企业经营实例进行经营风险的识别与分析,并基于大数据背景提出造纸企业经营风险识别与管理优化策略,以期建立科学、有效的经营风险预防与管控体系,提升造纸企业经营管理水平。

基于智能制造的造纸机传动系统变频调速控制研究

进入21世纪以来,科技飞速发展,经济水平不断得到提高,人们对纸张的差异化需求越来越突出,不仅包括纸张的质量,更重要的是纸张的功能性。在造纸企业的生产中,智能化的造纸设备对企业的发展影响巨大。在智能化的造纸设备中,传动系统处于核心的位置,通过变频的方式实现传动系统的有序运转,有利于节约能源,同时保证仪器的平稳运行。为此,对造纸及传动系统进行深入研究,分析了造纸机在变频调速方面面临的挑战与机遇,为加速造纸机的升级以及造纸行业的进一步发展,促进纸张的智能化生产提供了借鉴。

扩大就业视角下造纸专业课程与高职英语教学对接研究

随着国家大力发展职业教育,职业院校学生的就业率与就业质量不断提升,而造纸专业学生就业现状并不乐观。基于此,提出将造纸专业课程与高职英语教学对接,以期实现培养应用型、技能型人才的目标。目前,高职院校的毕业生仍是我国人力资源的重要组成部分,根据教育部统计数据显示,高职院校每年为社会培养了近160万的毕业生。因此,为了缓解我国劳动力市场上的就业压力,在扩大就业视角下研究将造纸专业课程与高职英语教学对接是十分有必要的。造纸专业主要培养具有良好职业道德,专业知识与技能基础,较强的语言表达能力,熟练掌握生产技术操作技能,可从事制浆造纸、包装印刷等工作的高素质技能型专门人才。

基于工业物联网的造纸废水控制系统设计

随着工业化进程的不断加速,各种行业都面临着对资源利用和废物排放进行更加有效管理的迫切需求。传统的造纸废水处理方法在监测、管理和资源利用方面存在诸多挑战,工业物联网技术的应用为解决这些问题提供了新的思路。基于此,先分析了造纸废水的排放现状,介绍了工业物联网技术及其在废水处理中的应用,探讨造纸废水控制系统设计方法,以期能够提升造纸废水处理效率以及造纸行业的清洁生产效率。

物联网支持下的造纸企业生产系统数字化设计研究

信息技术飞速发展促使制造业迈向数字化转型成为行业共识。特别是在物联网的大背景下,对于造纸企业而言,数字化生产管理不仅是趋势也是提升竞争力的关键。通过深入分析造纸企业在物联网技术应用的现状,我们可以看到物联网在提升生产效率、优化生产流程方面的巨大潜力。为此,提出了一套针对造纸企业生产系统的数字化设计与优化策略,包括但不限于生产设备、产品研发、生产计划的优化。在实施这些策略的过程中,强调了信息技术的支撑作用以及对员工进行相应技术培训的重要性,以确保数字化管理方案能够高效执行,从而助力造纸企业提升自动化与智能化水平,迈向高效生产之路。

现代网络技术支持下的制浆造纸企业管理模式创新研究

随着互联网的普及与发展,现代网络技术正深刻改变着企业生产与管理的方方面面,会有更多的传统行业全面拥抱网络技术,制浆造纸企业也不例外。对此,简述了现代网络技术支持下的制浆造纸企业管理模式与传统的企业管理模式的差异之处,探究了基于现代网络技术进行企业管理模式创新的积极意义,重点从生产管理、财务管理、人力资源管理和营销管理方面提出了网络时代制浆造纸企业管理模式创新举措,以期为现代制浆造纸企业管理模式创新提供参考,为企业的持续稳定发展奠定基础。