A Case of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Arising from Struma Ovarii and Extending into the Bladder

Ovarian goiter is a form of single tissue teratoma of the ovary, accounting for 2% - 3% of mature ovarian teratomas. Malignant transformation may occur in rare cases. Papillary thyroid-type carcinoma represents the most common type of malignant struma ovarii, followed by follicular carcinoma. Malignant struma ovarii is commonly seen in women in the fifth decade. The diagnosis is often made post-operatively after histological examination. Histology also helps assess tumor aggressiveness (mitoses, necrosis, poorly differentiated subtype, etc.). Given the rarity of these lesions, no therapeutic consensus or prognostic value had yet been formally established. We report herein, the case of a 76-year-old woman with a cystic tumor of the right ovary and a nodular lesion of the bladder. The clinical symptomatology is nonspecific, associating abdomino-pelvic pain and a right latero-uterine mass on abdominal palpation. After total hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy, the diagnosis of papillary carcinoma arising from struma ovarii and extending into the bladder was made. Through this observation, we suggest to discuss the anatomoclinical particularities of this rare pathological entity.

Diagnosing upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A review of the role of diagnostic ureteroscopy and novel developments over last two decades

Objective: The role of ureteroscopy in the diagnosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma is yet to be fully determined. We aimed to provide an up to date evaluation of its role and the emerging technologies in the field.Methods: A literature search of the last two decades (from 24th May, 2001 to 24th May, 2021) was carried out identifying 147 papers for potential inclusion within this narrative review.Results: Diagnostic ureteroscopy is undeniably useful in its ability to visualise and biopsy indeterminate lesions, and to risk stratify malignant lesions that may be suitable for kidney sparing surgery. However, an increased risk of intravesical recurrence following nephroureterectomy when a prior diagnostic ureteroscopy has been performed, inadequate sampling at biopsy, complications from the procedure, and difficult ureteric access are all potential drawbacks. Furthermore, whilst generally an accurate diagnostic procedure, it risks missing carcinoma in-situ lesions. Despite this, evidence shows that routine use of ureteroscopy changes the management of patients in a large proportion of cases, preventing unnecessary surgery or facilitating kidney sparing surgery. The overall rate of complications is low, and improved biopsy techniques and the use of tissue biomarkers for improved staging and grading are encouraging. The risks of delays to definitive management and post-ureteroscopy intravesical recurrence do not seem to affect survival, and trials are in progress to determine whether intravesical therapy can mitigate the latter. Further promising techniques are being investigated to improve shortcomings, particularly in relation to improved diagnosis of carcinoma in situ and preoperative staging.Conclusion: Ureteroscopy has a role in the diagnosis of upper tract malignancy, though whether it should be used routinely is yet to be determined.

A Combined Clinicopathologic Analysis of 658 Urothelial Carcinoma Cases of Urinary Bladder

Objective To study the clinicopathological features of patients with urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UCB), and analyze the association of clinicopathological characteristics with tumor recurrence and progression. Methods Altogether 658 UCB cases in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were collected from January 2006 to December 2010. The histopathologic materials and the clinical records were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were preformed to detect the association. Results The mean age of the patients was 61.97±12.97 years (range, 20-90 years). Male to female ratio was about 5:1. A total of 517 cases (78.6%) were superficial at the time of diagnosis (stage Ta/T1). The mean follow-up period was 22.36±24.92 months. Twenty-five patients lacking follow-up information were excluded in calculating recurrence and progression rates, the recurrence rate was about 37.0% (234/633), and progression rate about 6.2% (39/633). Three variables (grade, tumor growth pattern, and pathological stage) were found to be significant risk factors for tumor progression in univariate and multivariate analyses (P<0.05). Conclusions Most of the newly diagnosed UCB cases may be superficial diseases. Grade, tumor growth pattern, and pathological stage are associated with tumor progression of UCB.

A Case Report of an Inverted Papilloma of the Prostatic Urethra and a Synchronous Low-Grade Papillary Carcinoma of the Bladder

Inverted urothelial papilloma is a rare benign tumour and represents one of the urothelial lesions with inverted morphology. Accurate diagnosis and differentiation from other inverted lesions is important because its proper clinical management and expected clinical outcomes are distinctly different. Here we describe a case of a large inverted urothelial papilloma of the prostatic urethra and a synchronous non-invasive low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in a 60 year-old man. We focus on the differential diagnosis of inverted urothelial papilloma.

Metachronous urothelial carcinoma in the renal pelvis,bladder,and urethra:A case report

BACKGROUND Urothelial carcinoma(UC)is a common malignancy of the urinary system that can occur anywhere from the renal pelvis to the proximal urethra.Most UCs are in the bladder and have multifocal growth.Upper urinary tract UC(UTUC),which occurs in the renal pelvis or ureter,accounts for only 5%to 10%of UCs.CASE SUMMARY In March 2015,a 70-year-old male who initially presented to a local hospital with a complaint of painless hematuria was diagnosed with UTUC of the right renal pelvis.The doctors administered radical nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff excision.Although the doctors recommended intravesical chemotherapy and regular follow-up,he rejected this advice.In December 2016,the patient presented at our hospital with dysuria.We identified UC in the residual bladder and administered radical cystectomy and left cutaneous ureterostomy.In November 2021,he presented again with urethral bleeding.We detected urethral UC as the cause of urethral orifice bleeding and administered radical urethrectomy.Since then,he has visited regularly for 6-mo follow-ups,and was in stable condition as of December 2022.CONCLUSION UTUC is prone to seeding and recurrence.Adjuvant instillation therapy and intense surveillance are crucial for these patients.

Oncological impact of different distal ureter managements during radical nephroureterectomy for primary upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma

BACKGROUND The current standard surgical treatment for non-metastatic upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC)is radical nephroureterectomy(RNU)with bladder cuff excision(BCE).Typically,BCE techniques are classified in one of the following three categories:An open technique described as intrasvesical incision of the bladder cuff,a transurethral incision of the bladder cuff(TUBC),and an extravesical incision of the bladder cuff(EVBC)method.Even though each of these management techniques are widely used,there is no consensus about which surgical intervention is superior,with the best oncologic outcomes.AIM To investigate the oncological outcomes of three BCE methods during RNU for primary UTUC patients.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of 248 primary UTUC patients,who underwent RNU with BCE between January 2004 to December 2018.Patients were analyzed according to each BCE method.Data extracted included patient demographics,perioperative parameters,and oncological outcomes.Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square and log-rank tests.The Cox proportional hazards regression model was utilized to identify independent predictors.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS Of the 248 participants,39.9%(n=99)underwent intrasvesical incision of the bladder cuff,38.7%(n=96)EVBC,and 21.4%(n=53)TUBC.At a median followup of 44.2 mo,bladder recurrence developed in 17.2%,12.5%,and 13.2%of the cases,respectively.Cancer-specific deaths occurred in 11.1%,5.2%,and 7.5%of patients,respectively.Kaplan-Meier survival curves with a log-rank test highlighted no significant differences in intravesical recurrence-free survival,cancer-specific survival,and overall survival among these approaches with P values of 0.987,0.825,and 0.497,respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that the lower ureter location appears to have inferior intravesical recurrence-free survival(P=0.042).However,cancer-specific survival and overall survival were independently influenced by tumor stage(hazard ratio[HR]=8.439;95%con
dence interval:2.424-29.377;P=0.001)and lymph node status(HR=14.343;95%CI:5.176-39.745;P<0.001).CONCLUSION All three techniques had comparable outcomes;although,EVBC and TUBC are minimally invasive.While based upon rather limited data,these findings will support urologists in blending experience with evidence to inform patient choices.However,larger,rigorously designed,multicenter studies with long term outcomes are still required.

Rare case of hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis to urinary bladder:A case report

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a primary liver cancer with high prevalence and mortality.There are many cases of advanced HCC at the time of diagnosis.Treatment methods and prognosis are different depends on whether metastasis is present.Thus,it is necessary to make an accurate evaluation at the time of diagnosis.Extrahepatic metastases of HCC usually occur through hematogenous spread or through adjacent organs such as the peritoneum.Metastasis to the urinary bladder alone is rare.Here,we report a rare case of biopsy-proven solitary metastasis of HCC to the bladder in a 60-year-old woman.CASE SUMMARY A 60-year-old female patient was found to be positive for hepatitis B surface antigen by chance after abdominal ultrasonography showed abnormal findings.Thus,liver dynamic computed tomography(CT)was performed.The patient visited the hospital for further examination.Ultrasound and CT showed 3.6 cm sized arterial enhancing mass in segment 5 and an infiltrative mass in segment 8.The patient was diagnosed with HCC through liver dynamic magnetic resonance imaging and liver biopsy.Afterwards,she underwent two transcatheter arterial chemoembolizations within five months for HCC.During follow-up,a newly appeared bladder tumor was found on liver dynamic CT.She underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumor for diagnosis and treatment.The tissue was confirmed as metastatic HCC.CONCLUSION Although rare,metastasis to urinary bladder from HCC can occur without evidence of other distant metastases.Thus,regular follow-up imaging examination and clinical attention are required.

Diagnosis and treatment of primary small cell carcinoma of urinary bladder

Objective To investigate clinical and pathological features of small cell carcinoma of urinary bladder. Methods The pathological and clinical data of 9 cases of small cell carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively.

Enterovesical fistula caused by a bladder squamous cell carcinoma

Enterovesical fistulas are not uncommon in patients with inflammatory or malignant colonic disease, however, fistulas secondary to primary bladder carcinomas are extremely rare. We herein reported a patient presenting with intractable urinary tract infection due to enterovesical fistula formation caused by a squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. This patient underwent en bloc resection of the bladder dome and involved ileum, and recovered uneventfully without urinary complaint. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported in the literature.

Renal cell carcionoma with synchronous metastases to the bladder and lung

Renal cell carcinoma can metastasize to virtually any organ, yet synchronous metastasis to the bladder is extremely rare. A 77-year-old woman presented with gross hematuria. Abdominal and chest computed tomography showed a bilateral renal masses, bladder dome mass, and multiple lung metastasis. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor and sonography guided renal biopsy were performed. Both pathology diagnoses were clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Targeted therapy using pazopanib was administered to the patient without surgical resection of primary tumors and metastatic lung lesions. Herein, we report the synchronous metastasis of renal cell carcinoma to the bladder and lung.

尿外泌体miR-29c对器官和非器官局限性膀胱尿路上皮癌临床结局的预测价值

目的 探讨尿外泌体微小RNA(miR)-29c对器官和非器官局限性膀胱尿路上皮癌(BUC)临床结局的预测价值。方法 2017年1月~2022年3月,从我院泌尿外科选取152例BUC病人作为验证集。另外,从我院体检中心选择了126例非癌对照。采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测尿外泌体miR-29c表达水平。结果 验证集BUC病人尿外泌体miR-29c水平低于非癌对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而尿外泌体miR-17-5p水平和miR-590-5p水平比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。尿外泌体miR-29c水平诊断BUC的ROC曲线下面积为0.969(95%CI:0.953~0.986),相应的敏感性和特异性分别为92.1%和90.2%。亚型分析中,非器官局限性BUC病人尿外泌体miR-29c水平较器官局限性BUC病人进一步降低(P=0.009)。预后分析中,尿外泌体miR-29c高表达组病人总生存期、无病生存期和疾病特异性生存期均更长(P<0.05)。结论 尿外泌体miR-29c低水平是BUC病人不利的预后因子,有希望作为器官和非器官局限性BUC不良临床结局的预测标志物。

Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder without gross hematuria： a case report

Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder （SCCB） is a rare and aggressive form of bladder cancer with poor prognosis. Hematuria is the main symptom of this malignancy, and most patients have a history of smoking. The disease incidence of malignant bladder tumors in China is approximately 0.74%. Early and accurate diagnosis of SCCB can ensure timely and appropriate treatment of this malignant disease. Oncologic surgery is the standard treatment; however, it may not be a curative approach. Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy should be performed following surgical removal. This case report describes a patient with a single neoplasm diagnosed as SCCB that arose because of recurrence of bladder cancer after bladder tumor resection. In contrast to previously reported cases, this patient had no gross hematuria and no history of smoking.

Clipping the extremity of ureter prior to nephroureterectomy is effective in preventing subsequent bladder recurrence after upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma

Background Bladder recurrent disease is still a challenge in the treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinoma （UTUC）. This controlled study aims to investigate the efficacy of early clipping of the distal ureter prior to nephroureterectomy （NU） to prevent bladder recurrence after UTUC.

16例膀胱肉瘤样癌临床病理特征及疗效分析

目的:探讨膀胱肉瘤样癌患者的临床病理特征、诊疗及预后。方法:回顾性分析2006年12月至2017年12月我院收治的16例膀胱肉瘤样癌患者的临床病理及随访资料。结果:本组16例患者中男性11例,女性5例;平均年龄58岁。以肉眼血尿为主要临床表现。肿瘤最大直径范围为0.8~13cm。16例患者均行手术治疗,3例行经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术,5例行膀胱部分切除术,8例行根治性膀胱切除术+尿流改道术。术后病理分期:T1N0M0期4例,T1N0M1期1例,T2aN0M0期3例,T2bN0M0期2例,T3bN0M1期1例,T4aN0M0期2例,T4aN0M1期1例,T4aN2M0期2例。13例获得随访,3例失访,随访时间4~149个月,中位随访时间32个月。6例患者死亡,中位生存时间为6.5个月;7例患者术后存活,中位生存时间为95个月。结论:膀胱肉瘤样癌是一种罕见恶性肿瘤,预后较差,尚无最佳治疗方案,早期诊断、早期治疗是患者获得较好预后的重要条件。

膀胱原位癌误诊分析并文献复习

目的探讨膀胱原位癌的误诊原因及预防措施。方法回顾性分析2019年10月—2022年10月收治曾误诊的膀胱原位癌4例的临床资料。结果本组2例表现为尿频、尿急6月余,加剧1周,伴少量血尿;1例表现为排尿困难2月余;1例表现为排尿困难3年余,行前列腺电切术后出现尿路刺激症状10月余。初期诊断为慢性膀胱炎2例,尿道感染和前列腺炎各1例。误诊时间(10.34±2.26)周。按误诊疾病治疗后皆症状反复,后结合疾病特点和尿脱落细胞学、膀胱镜及病理检查等最终确诊为膀胱原位癌。3例行膀胱内注射卡介苗结合膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗症状改善,随访1~3年无复发;1例拒绝治疗和随访。结论膀胱原位癌无典型临床表现,易与泌尿系统感染性疾病相混淆,临床医师需加强对该病认识,提高对其鉴别诊断能力,并及时完善相关医技检查,以减少或避免其误诊误治。

尿液基细胞荧光原位杂交检测对膀胱尿路上皮癌的诊断价值

目的探讨尿液基细胞学(LBC)靶向的荧光原位杂交(FISH)对膀胱尿路上皮癌(BUC)的诊断价值。方法回顾性收集2020年10月—2022年10月于首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院泌尿外科行膀胱镜检查的128例患者的临床资料。所有患者在行膀胱镜检查前进行尿核基质蛋白22(NMP22)检测、尿LBC检测与尿LBC靶向的FISH检测,以术后病理结果为标准,分析3种检查方法的灵敏度和特异度。结果NMP22、尿LBC与LBC靶向的FISH的灵敏度分别为61.11%、79.17%、82.46%,特异度分别为57.14%、73.21%、86.67%;NMP22、尿LBC的灵敏度在检测高级别BUC时优于低级别,差异有统计学意义(P=0.01,P=0.03);3种方法对肌层浸润性膀胱癌与非肌层浸润性膀胱癌检测的灵敏度比较,差异无统计学意义(P≥0.05)。结论尿LBC靶向的FISH对BUC诊断的灵敏度和特异度较高,尤其是对于低级别BUC,可以作为BUC早期筛查、诊断的重要方法。

儿童膀胱尿路上皮肿瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的探讨儿童膀胱尿路上皮肿瘤(BUC)的临床病理特点,分享诊疗经验。方法报告喀什地区第二人民医院泌尿外科收治的1例罕见的9岁男性BUC患儿的临床病历资料和诊疗过程,并进行文献复习。结果患儿主诉血尿。术前经腹部泌尿系超声、计算机断层扫描尿路成像(CTU)发现BUC,予以全身麻醉下行经尿道膀胱尿路上皮肿瘤钬激光剜除术,术后病理提示膀胱低恶性潜能的乳头状尿路上皮肿瘤,术后给予盐酸表柔比星膀胱灌注化疗,随访3个月未发现肿瘤进展或复发。结论儿童BUC在临床上十分罕见,血尿是该病最常见的临床症状,一般无特异性阳性体征。经腹泌尿系超声是首选的影像学检查手段,手术治疗是最佳途径,目前尚无可推荐的膀胱灌注化疗方案,术后需要进行长期严格的随访。

碘摄入量与甲状腺乳头状癌关系的Meta分析

目的探究碘摄入量与甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)的相关性。方法根据PICOS制定检索策略,收集Pubmed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CNKI和万方数据库中有关碘摄入量与PTC的病例对照研究共12篇参考文献,共计纳入6214名研究对象,进行Meta分析。结果碘摄入水平过量与PTC的发生有关(OR=5.66,95%CI:2.25~12.68,P<0.001),而适量的碘摄入则能够降低PTC的发生风险(OR=0.26,95%CI:0.13~0.52,P<0.01)。碘摄入水平过量与PTC包膜外侵犯(ENE)、中央区淋巴结转移(CLNM)、BRAF基因突变等无关。结论碘摄入过量增加PTC发生风险,适量的碘摄入是PTC的保护因素。

微卫星不稳定性在泌尿系统及妇科肿瘤中的研究进展

随着在越来越多的肿瘤中发现微卫星不稳定性(MSI)/错配修复缺陷存在,以及针对MSI阳性肿瘤患者的一类特殊免疫治疗药物——抗程序性死亡受体1或程序性死亡受体配体1免疫检查点抑制剂的使用,MSI已经成为预测肿瘤预后以及指导免疫治疗的一个非常重要的指标。本文主要综述MSI的发生机制、检测方法及其在泌尿系统、妇科常见肿瘤中的研究进展,为后续MSI的进一步研究提供参考。

甲状腺乳头状癌患者术前不予留置尿管效应研究

目的减少甲状腺乳头状癌患者术后尿管相关不适感,促进康复。方法将820例拟行全麻下甲状腺全切术的甲状腺乳头状癌患者分为对照组607例、观察组213例;对照组于全麻后留置尿管,观察组不予留置尿管。结果观察组术后未发生尿管相关不适,对照组术后尿管相关不适发生率为87.5%;观察组术后首次下床时间显著早于对照组、睡眠质量显著高于对照组、住院时间及住院费用显著少于对照组(均P<0.05);两组均未发生尿路感染;对照组拔管后尿潴留重置尿管2例、观察组术后1例不能自排小便留置尿管。结论对全麻下行甲状腺全切术的甲状腺乳头状癌患者,术前不予留置尿管可显著改善手术治疗体验,降低费用,促进康复。