Detection of BCL2-IGHrearrangement on paraffin-embedded tissue sections obtained from a small submucosal tumor of the rectum in a patient with recurrent follicular lymphoma

A 59-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of recurrent follicular lymphoma(FL).Colonoscopic examination revealed a rectal submucosal tumor(SMT)without any erosions and ulcers.In this patient,it was difficult to distinguish non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL)invasion from other disorders of the colon including carcinoid tumor merely based on endoscopic findings.Histopathologic and immunohistochemical studies on biopsy specimens showed an infiltration of atypical lymphocytes that were positive for CD20 and BCL2 but negative for UCHL-1.Fluorescence in situ hybridization on paraffin-embedded tissue sections (T-FISH)identified a translocation of BCL2 with IGHgene. Based on these findings,the tumor was defined as an invasion of FL.T-FISH method is useful for the detection of a monoclonality of atypical lymphocytes in an SMT of the gastrointestinal tract,and particularly for the detection of chromosomal translocations specific to lymphoma subtypes.

Detection of SYT-SSX fusion transcripts in paraffin-embedded tissues of synovial sarcoma by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of detecting SYT-SSX fusion transcripts in paraffin-embedded tissues of synovial sarcoma by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). METHODS: RT-PCR was used to amplify the SYT-SSX fusion transcripts using archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from a series of 37 synovial sarcoma cases. To investigate the specificity of the SYT-SSX fusion transcripts, a variety of non-synovial sarcoma tumors were included in the study as negative controls. The detected messages derived from fusion genes were confirmed by subsequent sequence analysis. RESULTS: SYT-SSX fusion transcripts were detected in 33 of 37 (89.2%) synovial sarcomas. None of the 34 cases of non-synovial sarcoma tumors showed amplified products of SYT-SSX fusion transcripts, although PBGD mRNA was detected in all specimens. Among 33 SYT-SSX-positive synovial sarcomas, 22 tumors had an SYT-SSX 1 fusion transcript, whereas 6 tumors had an SYT-SSX2 fusion transcript. Fusion types can not be distinguished in the remaining 5 cases. There was a significant relationship between SYT-SSX fusion type and histologic subtype. All 10 biphasic synovial sarcomas had the SYT-SSX1 fusion, whereas all tumors with SYT-SSX2 were of monophasic morphology (P

DETECTION OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS GENOME BY IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION IN PARAFFIN EMBEDDED ENDOMYOCARDIAL BIOPSY SPECIMENS OF VIRAL MYOCARDITIS

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) genes were detected by in situ hybridization in 25 Chinese patients with viral myocarditis (VMC). The positive hybridization signals werre found in cardiomyocytes (6 cases, 24%), capillary endothelial cells (4 cases, 16%) and interstitial cells (7 cases, 28%). The difference between VMC and control group (16 cases died of brain trauma and 10 cases of congenital heart diseases was statistically significant. There was no definite pathomorphological relationship between the detection of CMV genes and myocardial lesions. The results suggest that CMV infection may be one of the causes of myocarditis and chronic stimulation of the immune system induced by CMV may be a possible pathogenesis of this disease.

Role of Liquid-based Cytology and Cell Block in the Diagnosis of Endometrial Lesions

Background： Liquid-based cytology （LBC） offers an alternative method to biopsy in screening endometrial cancer. Cell block （CB）, prepared by collecting residual cytological specimen, represents a novel method to supplement the diagnosis of endometrial cytology. This study aimed to compare the specimen adequacy and diagnostic accuracy of LBC and CB in the diagnosis of endometrial lesions. Methods： A total of 198 women with high risks of endometrial carcinoma （EC） from May 2014 to April 2015 were enrolled in this study. The cytological specimens were collected by the endometrial sampler （SAP-1 ） followed by histopathologic evaluation of dilatation and curettage or biopsy guided by hysteroscopy. The residual cytological specimens were processed into paraffin-embedded CB after LBC preparation. Diagnostic accuracies of LBC and CB for detecting endometrial lesions were correlated with histological diagnoses. Chi-square test was used to compare the specimen adequacies of LBC and CB. Results： The specimen inadequate rate of CB was significantly higher than that of LBC （22.2% versus 7.1%, P 〈 0.01）. There were 144 cases with adequate specimens for LBC and CB preparation. Among them, 29 cases were atypical endometrial hyperplasia （ 11 cases） or carcinoma （18 cases） confirmed by histology evaluation. Taking atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma as positive, the diagnostic accuracy of CB was 95.1% while it was 93.8% in LBC. When combined LBC with CB, the diagnostic accuracy was improved to 95.8%, with a sensitivity of 89.7% and specificity of 97.4%. Conclusions： CB is a feasible and reproducible adjuvant method for screening endometrial lesions. A combination of CB and LBC can improve the diagnostic accuracy of endometrial lesions.