Study on Sustained-Release Pesticides Blended with Fosthiazate-Stearic Acid/Expanded Perlite

The low utilization rate of pesticides makes the migration of pesticides in water and soil,which brings great harm to the ecosystem.The development of pesticide carriers with good drug loading capacity and release control abil-ity is an effective method to realize effective utilization of pesticides and reduce pesticide losses.In this work,fosthiazate-stearic acid/expanded perlite sustained-release particles were successfully prepared by vacuum impregnation using expanded perlite(EP)as carrier,fosthiazate(FOS)as model pesticide and stearic acid(SA)as hydrophobic matrix.The structure and morphology of the samples were studied by BET,FT-IR,TGA,XRD,DSC and SEM.The effects of different mass ratios of FOS to SA on loading capacity and release rate at 24 h were investigated.The sustained release behavior of FOS-SA/EP at different temperatures and pH values was investigated by static dialysis bag method.The results showed that FOS and SA were adsorbed in EP pores by physical interaction.With the mass ratios of FOS to SA decreasing from 7:3 to 3:7,the 24 h release rate of FOS-SA/EP decreased from 18.77%to 8.05%,and the drug loading decreased from 461.32 to 130.99 mg/g.FOS-SA/EP showed obvious temperature response at 25℃,30℃ and 35℃,the cumulative release rate(CRR)of 200 h were 33.38%,41.50%and 51.17%,respectively.When pH=5,the CRR of FOS was higher than that of pH=7,and the CRR of FOS for 200 h were 49.01%and 30.12%,respectively.At different temperatures and pH=5,the release mechanism of FOS-SA/EP belongs to the Fickian diffusion mechanism;When pH=7,the diffusion mechanism is dominant,and the dissolution mechanism is complementary.

Preparation and hygrothermal performance of composite phase change material wallboard with humidity control based on expanded perlite/diatomite/paraffin

Phase change material(PCM)can reduce the indoor temperature fluctuation and humidity control material can adjust relative humidity used in buildings.In this study,a kind of composite phase change material particles(CPCMPs)were prepared by vacuum impregnation method with expanded perlite(EP)as supporting material and paraffin as phase change material.Thus,a PCM plate was fabricated by mould pressing method with CPCMPs and then composite phase change humidity control wallboard(CPCHCW)was prepared by spraying the diatom mud on the surface of PCM plate.The composition,thermophysical properties and microstructure were characterized using X-ray diffraction instrument(XRD),differential scanning calorimeter(DSC)and scanning electron microscope(SEM).Additionally,the hygrothermal performance of CPCHCW was characterized by temperature and humidity collaborative test.The results can be summarized as follows:(1)CPCMPs have suitable phase change parameters with melting/freezing point of 18.23°C/29.42°C and higher latent heat of 54.66 J/g/55.63 J/g;(2)the diatom mud can control the humidity of confined space with a certain volume;(3)the combination of diatom mud and PCM plate in CPCHCW can effectively adjust the indoor temperature and humidity.The above conclusions indicate the potential of CPCHCW in the application of building energy efficiency.

Fabrication, property characterization and thermal performance of composite phase change material plates based on tetradecanol-myristic acid binary eutectic mixture/expanded perlite and expanded vermiculite for building application

A binary eutectic mixture composed of tetradecanol(TD)and myristic acid(MA)was maximally absorbed into the microstructures of expanded perlite(EP)and expanded vermiculite(EVMT),respectively,through a self-made vacuum adsorption roller to prepare phase change material(PCM)particle(PCP).Then EP and EVMT-based composite PCM plates were respectively fabricated through a mold pressing method.The thermal property,chemical stability,microstructure and durability were characterized by differential scanning calorimeter(DSC),Fourier transform infrared spectroscope(FT-IR),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and thermal cycling tests,respectively.The results show that both PCPs have high latent heats with 110 J/g for EP-based PCP and more than 130 J/g for EVMT-based PCP,compact microstructure without PCM leakage,stable chemical property and good durability.The research results have proved the feasibility for the vacuum adsorption roller used in the composite PCM fabrication.Results of thermal storage performance experiment indicate that the fabricated PCM plates have better thermal inertia than common building materials,and the thermal storage performance of PCM plates has nonlinearly changed with outside air velocity and temperature increase.Therefore,PCM plates show a significant potential for the practical application of building thermal storage.

Hydration Heat Effect of Cement Pastes Modified with Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Ether and Expanded Perlite

Hydration heat effect of cement pastes and mechanism of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether （HPMC） and expanded perlite in cement pastes were studied by means of hydration exothermic rate, hydration heat amount, FTIR and TG-DTG. The results show that HPMC can significantly delay the hydration induction period and acceleration period of cement pastes. As mixing amount increased, hydration induction period of cement pastes enlarged and accelerated period gradually went back. At the same time, the amount of hydration heat gradually decreased. Expanded perlite had worse delay effects and less change of hydration heat amount of cement pastes than HPMC. HPMC changed the structure of C-S-H during cement hydration. The more amount of HPMC, the more obvious effect. However, EXP had little influence on the structure of C-S-H. At the same age, the content of Ca （OH）2 in cement pastes gradually decreased as the mixing amount increase of HPMC and expanded perlite, and had better delay effect than that single-doped with HPMC or expanded perlite when HPMC and expanded nerlite were both dooed in cement pastes.

Sorption Kinetics and Capacity of Composite Materials Made up of Polymeric Fabric and Expanded Perlite for Oil in Water

The oil sorption capacity of composite materials made up of different polymeric fabrics (namely acrylic fabric (AF), polypropylene nonwoven (PP), and silk stocking (SS) as composite out-packing materials) and expanded perlite (EP) was evaluated for oil removal from the water. The effects of sorbent dosage, desorption time, oil amount in the water, and contact time on composite materials sorption were investigated. The results showed that the optimum quantity of EP was between 0.5 g and 1.0 g for 25 cm2 polymeric fabrics bags. Oil removal efficiency for 6 L/m2 of oil amount in the water was 52%-72%, 44%-63%, and 37%-48% for AF, PP, and SS composite materials, respectively. Oil/water selectivity analysis of different composite materials showed that AF composite material had a very high degree of hydrophobicity and oil sorption capacity of approximately 10.17 g/g. Both oil sorption kinetics and equilibrium studies were carried out, and the equilibrium process of composite materials was described well by the Langmuir isotherm, and the oil sorption kinetics of composite materials showed good correlation coefficients for the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Intra-particle diffusion studies showed that oil sorption mechanism was controlled by the three processes, involving in external liquid membrane diffusion, surface sorption, and intra-particle diffusion.

Alkali-Silica Reactivity and Strength of Mortars with Expanded Slate, Expanded Glass or Perlite

Lightweight aggregates are increasingly used in concrete construction. They reduce concrete selfweight furnishing a structural advantage. In contrast, the mechanical properties and durability of lightweight concrete can become the governing factor on lightweight aggregate replacement ratios. Alkali-Silica Reactison (ASR) and compressive strength of mortar samples with expanded slate, expanded glass or perlite, covering the spectrum of internal porosity and weight of lightweight aggregates, were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to evaluate the contribution of the aggregates’ porosity and chemical composition in inhibiting ASR. Perlite, owing to its highly porous microstructure and lower matter excelled in ASR expansion while chemical composition and denser microstructure of the heavier expanded slate resulted in more signified late ASR expansion and higher compressive strength. An attempt in visual inspection of ASR attack of alkali metal ions on silica-rich expanded glass using an ultra-accelerated exposure to sodium hydroxide solution was made.

石蜡/碱改性硅藻土/膨胀石墨复合相变储热材料的制备及性能

通过碱处理,优化了硅藻土(DIA)的孔隙结构,提高了孔隙率,增加了石蜡(paraffin)负载量。通过直接浸渍法制备了新型性状稳定的石蜡/碱改性DIA/膨胀石墨(EG-alDIAP)复合材料,并研究了其结构与性能的关系。结果表明,复合相变材料的石蜡负载量从47.4%提高到了61.1%,进而提高了复合材料的储热性能;向改性DIA中添加膨胀石墨(EG)提高了复合材料的传热能力,添加质量分数10%EG时导热系数提高了113%(从0.276 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)提高到了0.589 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1))。随着EG含量的升高,复合相变材料的相变潜热有所增加,但化学相容性、稳定性等无明显变化。含10%EG的石蜡/碱改性DIA复合材料具有可靠的储能性能、良好的温度调节性能和蓄放热能力。

膨胀石墨基相变储能材料的制备及性能研究

以膨胀石墨作为主导热材料,石蜡作为相变储热材料,通过真空浸渍法制备了膨胀石墨-石蜡复合相变储能材料,研究了石蜡质量分数对复合相变储能材料微观形貌、物相结构及热性能的影响。结果表明,膨胀石墨和石蜡反应后生成的复合相变储能材料主要依靠物理吸附结合,石蜡均匀覆盖在膨胀石墨的表面以及孔隙中,当石蜡质量分数为91%时,复合相变储能材料的密封性和结构致密性最佳,几乎不发生泄露。随着石蜡质量分数的增加,复合相变储能材料的熔点逐渐增大,热分解温度逐渐提高,石蜡质量分数91%的复合相变储能材料相比石蜡质量分数85%的相变材料热分解温度提高了约15℃。随着石蜡质量分数的增大,复合相变储能材料的导热系数和热扩散系数持续降低,密度先降低后增加,比热持续增大。当石蜡质量分数为94%时,复合相变储能材料的导热系数和热扩散系数均为最低值,分别为2.492 W/(m·K)和0.605 mm^(2)/s;当石蜡质量分数为91%时,复合相变储能材料的密度为最小值0.794 g/cm^(3),对应比热为5.462 J/(g·K)。分析可得,石蜡质量分数为91%的复合相变储能材料的综合性能最佳。

膨胀珍珠岩调控固化淤泥物理-力学性能的方法

疏浚淤泥含水率高导致干化和固化成本过高。充分利用膨胀珍珠岩(expanded perlite,简称EP)的多孔吸水性,局部分离淤泥中的自由水,使其变为不均匀分布,营造泥-水分离的固化环境。试验发现,掺入EP可以有效提高固化淤泥的无侧限抗压强度(unconfined compressive strength,简称UCS),但其掺入方式影响固化强度的增长速率和孔隙分布特征。焖料方式最有利于提升固化效果,即把EP先掺入到淤泥中,混合24 h后再加水泥固化;养护28 d时,焖料试样的强度是直接固化试样(EP掺入后直接加水泥固化)强度的1.56倍,是仅掺入水泥固化试样强度的2.15倍,说明EP营造的局部泥-水分离环境可有效提高固化淤泥的强度。同时,水化热试验结果表明,EP促进了水泥水化作用。EP-淤泥固化土的孔隙分布曲线和表观形貌照片显示,虽然掺入EP引入了气孔,但也为水化产物提供了生长空间,使得淤泥和EP界面形成嵌入式胶结,共同构成固化土骨架。EP调控淤泥含水率属于物理方法,方便快捷,并且EP是高硅轻骨料,与淤泥相容性好,兼具环境友好性。

石蜡/膨胀石墨复合定形相变材料的制备及季节适应性研究

以石蜡与白油混合制成的复合相变石蜡作为相变主体材料,以不同质量分数的膨胀石墨作载体材料,应用熔融共混方法,制备出5种不同比例的复合定形相变材料,对其进行吸附性能、热物性能测试,确定了复合定形相变材料的最优配比,并采用数值模拟方法研究该复合定形相变材料在冬、夏两季的适应性。结果表明:复合定形相变材料的最优配比为:膨胀石墨的质量分数为7%,复合相变石蜡的质量分数为93%,复合相变石蜡中52#切片石蜡与3#白油质量比为55∶45;该配比复合定形相变材料的相变温度为27.5℃,相变潜热为83.56 J/g,质量损失率为2.12%,导热系数为0.5316 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1);作为建筑外墙材料时,该复合定形相变材料能够平缓峰谷热流、减小温度波动,且在夏季的适应性强于冬季。研制的石蜡/膨胀石墨复合定形相变材料有望作为建筑调温相变材料在夏热冬冷地区应用。

改性TiO_(2)/膨胀珍珠岩光催化剂对赤潮微藻的抑制

米氏凯伦藻是引发赤潮的经典赤潮微藻,会造成水体环境污染甚至是水中动植物死亡。将膨胀珍珠岩(EP)作为漂浮性载体,采用水热合成法、简易包衣法和海藻酸钠固定法3种方法合成的漂浮性光催化剂,并探究3种方法合成的漂浮性光催化剂对于米氏凯伦藻的抑藻作用。结果表明,水热合成法制备的漂浮式光催化剂对于米氏凯伦藻的抑藻作用最为有效,实验进行4 h后藻类去除率达到80%以上;漂浮式光催化剂作用1 h后米氏凯伦藻体内叶绿素a含量和可溶性蛋白质含量急剧下降,表明米氏凯伦藻的光合系统受到破坏,藻细胞失去了能量来源,而蛋白质含量的降低也使得藻细胞的代谢活力下降。该研究为光催化技术应用于赤潮治理提供了一定的理论依据。

模拟高原环境下敏化方式对乳化炸药爆轰性能的影响研究

为研究高原环境对不同敏化方式乳化炸药的影响程度,选取3种典型的敏化材料制备乳化炸药样品,模拟并对比分析了高原环境(-20℃、约0.05 MPa)储存后乳化炸药的微观结构和爆轰性能变化。结果表明:低温低压下的高原环境主要从加剧破坏乳化体系稳定性与热点分布两方面影响炸药的性能,在该环境下化学敏化炸药相较于物理敏化炸药的析晶程度较低,但热点变化较大,导致爆轰性能下降;物理敏化中,膨胀珍珠岩炸药晶体的生长方式更加复杂,因此更易破乳析晶,储存稳定性与爆轰性能均有明显降低;相对而言,树脂微球炸药在低温低压下的析晶程度与爆轰性能均较稳定。综合上述结果,树脂微球乳化炸药具有更好的高原适应性。

建筑用膨胀珍珠岩的资源特性及研究现状分析

对国内外建筑用膨胀珍珠岩的相关产品标准进行梳理,对膨胀珍珠岩的化学成分、微观结构及亲水机理进行分析,指出保持膨胀珍珠岩优异绝热性能的关键是改变其表层的亲水官能团及微孔结构,总结有机硅憎水剂喷涂、聚合物包覆、SiO2气凝胶填充等膨胀珍珠岩改性方法的机理及研究现状,为相关技术人员生产或使用膨胀珍珠岩提供参考。

Structure,Characterization and Thermal Properties of the Form-Stable Paraffin/High-Density Polyethylene/Expanded Graphite/Epoxy Resin Composite PCMs for Thermal Energy Storage

The form-stable paraffin/high-density polyethylene/expanded graphite/epoxy resin composite phase change materials(CPCMs),exhibiting suitable thermal properties,including low melting temperature,high conductivity and high phase change enthalpy,was developed in this work.Herein,paraffin(PA)was utilized as a core PCM.High-density polyethylene(HDPE)was utilized for the shape stabilization and preventing the PCMs leakage.Expanded graphite(EG)was used to increase its thermal conductivity and act also in the porous supporting material.Epoxy resin(ER)was used to provide flexible encapsulated scaffold morphology and keep a highly tight network structure of the PCMs.However,the physical architecture,the chemical architecture and thermal behavior properties of specimens were investigated by using the spectroscopy and calorimetry techniques.The scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and fourier transform infrared spectrometer FTIR tests have shown good uniformity structure and good compatibility of components.In addition,the thermal conductivity tests revealed that the thermal conductivity of PA,initially 0.31 W/(m·K)improved up to 1.9 times by adding the 6 wt%mass fraction of EG in composite PCMs.Furthermore,the differential scanning calorimeter(DSC)measurements indicated that PA melting enthalpy,initially 231 J/g decreased up to 125 J/g with the increase of the amount of HDPE which was due to the limitation caused by the atomic network constructed by the base material.The thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA)and leakage-proof revealed the enhancement of the degradation of PA with the raise of amount of the HDPE into the CPCMs.Therefore,the proposed form-stable CPCMs are a great candidate for the thermal regulation and thermal energy storage employment.

MA/HA二元相变保温材料制备及节能效果模拟研究

为促进建筑节能,以肉豆蔻酸(MA)和碳十六酸(HA)制备二元相变材料,以膨胀珍珠岩作为吸附载体,制备一种保温材料,研究其性能。并结合建筑信息模型(BIM)节能模拟,研究该保温材料节能效果。结果表明,当MA和HA质量配比为70∶30,且保温材料中MA-HA二元相变材料质量分数为70%时,保温材料综合性能最佳。此时,MA-HA二元相变材料导热系数为0.254 W/(m·K),熔化温度和熔化潜热分别是35.64℃、123.48 J/g,凝固温度和凝固潜热分别是30.98℃、112.54 J/g。在经过1000次吸放热相变循环后,相变温度变化率不超过5%,相变潜热变化率不超过8%。BIM节能模拟表明,在使用保温材料后,建筑外围护结构能耗降幅超过30%。

膨胀珍珠岩保温板在建筑节能中的应用

文章对膨胀珍珠岩保温板的概念进行阐述,对其建筑行业应用特点进行分析,并提出其在建筑节能中的应用,为建筑行业的节能保温材料的发展提供依据。

太阳能相变蓄热炕的实验及数值模拟研究

为实现太阳能相变蓄热炕的快速升温,采用毛细管网及配置高导热复合相变材料来提高炕体的热响应时间,通过数值模拟与实验研究相结合的方法对炕体的热工性能进行研究。本文首先对比不同熔点石蜡的差示扫描量热(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)曲线,选取35#石蜡作为研究对象,采用熔融混合法制备不同配比的石蜡-膨胀石墨复合定形相变材料;并通过渗漏测试确定最佳配比。实验表明:当膨胀石墨质量分数为8%时,复合定形相变材料渗漏率较低,为兼顾储热、导热性能的最佳配比。将石蜡复合相变材料应用于太阳能相变蓄热炕,通过计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)建立三维非稳态传热模型,对炕体进行24 h供热模拟设计;模拟表明:太阳能相变蓄热炕在昼间垫面温度达到24.2℃,夜间垫面温度达到30.2℃。通过Trnsys(transient system simulation program)软件对组合式系统进行运行模拟发现:组合系统均可达到设计的45℃及以上;另外,组合式系统全年节电量为2974.7 kW·h,或节省标准煤469.9 kg,或减少二氧化碳1240.5 kg、一氧化碳70.9 kg、PM_(10)6.8 kg等,节能减排量显著。

Shape-stablized EP/Paraffin Composite for Latent Heat Storage

620# and 56# paraffin mixtures were impregnated into expanded perlite （EP） by vacuuming method. Effects of impregnation with/without vacuum, vacuuming time, and thermal cycles were discussed. The appropriate mass fraction of paraffin mixture in the composite and vacuuming time were found respectively to be 80% and 20 min. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer （FT-IR） analysis shows that it has a good compatibility between paraffin mixture and EP. From differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） analysis, the latent heat of EP/Paraffin mixture composite is almost linearly related with the mass fraction of paraffin mixture in the composite. After 100 thermal cycles, the deviation of phase change temperatures is acceptable, but more deviation of latent heat appears. The calcium stearate dispersing granule coated by epoxy resin can effectively lower leakage during thermal cycles.

Improvement of Oil/Water Selectivity by Stearic Acid Modified Expanded Perlite for Oil Spill Cleanup

Ecological disasters and economic losses resulting from oil spills have reminded us the necessity for finding an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and available in large-scale materials to minimize the oil spill effects. The development of high oil/water selectivity mineral sorbent for the removal of oil from the water is of great interest for oil spill cleanup. In this work, highly oil/water selectivity sorbent of expanded perlite modified with stearic acid was prepared by solution-immersion processes, and the characterization of sorbent was analyzed by Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy technique. The optimized amount of loaded stearic acid (SA) on the expanded perlite surface was found to be 2.0%. Then the sorption characteristics of unmodified expanded perlite (UMEP) and stearic acid modified expanded perlite (SMEP) were tested. The effects of different particles size, oil/water volume ratio and sorption simulated condition were investigated. It was found that expanded perlite modified with stearic acid could adsorb selectively oil from water in oil/water system. The maximum oil/water sorption ratio of SMEP was 46, which was about 191 times that of UMEP (0.24) in studied experimental range. The FT-IR analysis demonstrated the presence of long-chain alkyl group in the SMEP samples, which played an important role in oil/water selectivity of SMEP samples. The equilibrium were tested with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and oil sorption process of SMEP showed good correlation with the Langmuir isotherm model.

The development of ultralightweight expanded perlite-based thermal insulation panel using alkali activator solution

The International Energy Agency(IEA)states that global energy consumption will increase by 53%by 2030.Turkey has 70%of the world’s perlite reserves,and in order to reduce energy consumption a thermal insulation panel was developed in Turkey using different particle sizes of expanded perlite(EP).In this study,0–1.18 mm(powder)and 0–3 mm(granular)EP particle sizes were selected,since they have the lowest thermal conductivity coefficients among all the particle sizes.In addition,an alkali activator solution was used as a binder in the mixtures.The alkaline activator solution was obtained by mixing sodium hydroxide solution(6,8,10,and 12 mol·L−1)and sodium silicate(Module 3)at the different ratios of Na2SiO3 to NaOH of 1,1.5,2,and 2.5.This study aimed to experimentally determine the optimum binder and distribution ratio of EP,with the lowest coefficient of thermal conductivity and the lowest density.The lowest thermal conductivity and the lowest density were determined as 0.04919 W·m−1·K−1 and 133.267 kg/m3,respectively,in the sample prepared with 83.33%powder-size EP,6 mol·L−1 sodium hydroxide solution,and ratio of Na2SiO3 to NaOH of 1.5.The density,thermal conductivity,and compressive strength of the sample showed the same trends of behavior when the Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio was increased.In addition,the highest compressive strength was measured in 12 mol·L−1 NaOH concentration regardless of particle size.In conclusion,the study predicts that the EP-based thermal insulation panel can be used as an insulation material in the construction industry according to the TS825 Thermal Insulation Standard.