Protective effects of curcumin against human immunodeficiency virus 1 gp120 V3 loop-induced neuronal injury in rats

Curcumin improves the learning and memory deficits in rats induced by the gp120 V3 loop. The present study cultured rat hippocampal neurons with 1 nM gp120 V3 loop and 1 μM curcumin for 24 hours. The results showed that curcumin inhibited the gp120 V3 loop-induced mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, reduced the mRNA expression of the pro-apoptotic gene caspase-3, and attenuated hippocampal neuronal injury.

Alterations in the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-v-Akt pathway in gastric cancer

AIM:To investigate human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-vAkt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog signaling pathway.METHODS:We analyzed 231 formalin-fixed,paraffinembedded gastric cancer tissue specimens from Japanese patients who had undergone surgical treatment.The patients' age,sex,tumor location,depth of invasion,pathological type,lymph node metastasis,and pathological stage were determined by a review of the medical records.Expression of HER2 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry(IHC) using the HercepTest TM kit.Standard criteria for HER2 positivity(0,1+,2+,and 3+) were used.Tumors that scored 3+ were considered HER2-positive.Expression of phospho Akt(pAkt) was also analyzed by IHC.Tumors were considered pAkt-positive when the percentage of positive tumor cells was 10% or more.PI3K,catalytic,alpha polypeptide(PIK3CA) mutations in exons 1,9 and 20 were analyzed by pyrosequencing.Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) infection was analyzed by in situ hybridization targeting EBV-encoded small RNA(EBER) with an EBER-RNA probe.Microsatellite instability(MSI) was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction using the mononucleotide markers BAT25 and BAT26.RESULTS:HER2 expression levels of 0,1+,2+ and 3+ were found in 167(72%),32(14%),12(5%) and 20(8.7%) samples,respectively.HER2 overexpression(IHC 3+) significantly correlated with intestinal histological type(15/20 vs 98 /205,P = 0.05).PIK3CA mutations were present in 20 cases(8.7%) and significantly correlated with MSI(10/20 vs 9/211,P < 0.01).The mutation frequency was high(21%) in T4 cancers and very low(6%) in T2 cancers.Mutations in exons 1,9 and 20 were detected in 5(2%),9(4%) and 7(3%) cases,respectively.Two new types of PIK3CA mutation,R88Q and R108H,were found in exon1.All PIK3CA mutations were heterozygous missense singlebase substitutions,the most common being H1047R(6/20,30%) in exon20.Eighteen cancers(8%) were EBV-positive and this positivity significantly correlated with a diffuse histological type(13/18 vs 93/198,P = 0.04).There were 7 cases of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas(LELC) and 6 of those cases were EBV-positive(percent/EBV:6/18,33%;percent/all LELC:6/7,86%).pAkt expression was positive in 119(53%) cases but showed no correlation with clinicopathological characteristics.pAkt expression was significantly correlated with HER2 overexpression(16/20 vs 103/211,P < 0.01) but not with PIK3CA mutations(12/20 vs 107/211,P = 0.37) or EBV infection(8/18 vs 103/211,P = 0.69).The frequency of pAkt expression was higher in cancers with exon20 mutations(100%) than in those with exon1(40%) or exon9(56%) mutations.One case showed both HER2 overexpression and EBV infection and 3 cases showed both PIK3CA mutations and EBV infection.However,no cases showed both PIK3CA mutations and HER2 overexpression.One EBVpositive cancer with PIK3CA mutation(H1047R) was MSI-positive.Three of these 4 cases were positive for pAkt expression.In survival analysis,pAkt expression significantly correlated with a poor prognosis(hazard ratio 1.75;95%CI:1.12-2.80,P = 0.02).CONCLUSION:HER2 expression,PIK3CA mutations and EBV infection in gastric cancer were characterized.pAkt expression significantly correlates with HER2 expression and with a poor prognosis.

Sumoylation of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Phosphoprotein Correlates with A Reduction in Viral Replication

Human parainfluenza virus type 3(HPIV3), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, can cause lower respiratory disease in infants and young children. The phosphoprotein(P) of HPIV3 is an essential cofactor of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase large protein(L). P connects nucleocapsid protein(N) with L to initiate genome transcription and replication.Sumoylation influences many important pathways of the target proteins, and many viral proteins are also themselves sumoylated. In this study, we found that the P of HPIV3 could be sumoylated, and mutation of K492 and K532 to arginine(PK492 R/K532 R) failed to be sumoylated within P, which enhances HPIV3 minigenome activity. Biochemical studies showed that PK492 R/K532 Rhad no effect on its interactions with N, formation of homo-tetramers and formation of inclusion bodies.Finally, we found that incorporation of K492 R/K532 R into a recombinant HPIV3(rHPIV3-PK492 R/K532 R) increased viral production in culture cells, suggesting that sumoylation attenuates functions of P and down-regulates viral replication.

Fermented Herbal Decoction Selectively Targeting Human Cancer Cell Line and Human Pathogenic Microorganism

Introduction: Prolonged immuno-suppressed status promised to induce internal growth of malignant cell and infectious agent, yet, only a small part of affected individuals seek medical attention or berried by commercially over-flowed fake information. Several studies have described complementary and alternative medicine as effective strategies for improving anti-infectious agent including malignant cell. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a fermented herbal decoction (FHD) both in vitro and in vivo to malignant cells and microorganism by regulating leukocyte subset proportioning FHD as dietary material. Methods: In this approach of alternative study, selective anti-cancer effect by fermented decoction was tried to show first in vitro system both, cancer cell and virus strain. The fermented herbal decoction consisting of 80 sorts of herbs and fruits. The selective toxicity was set up and then for immunological factors in animal and human. The most important factor is to reduce side effect for a normal cell. Results: First, FHD was proved as safe by animal test. FHD regulated also the proportion of granulocyte and lymphocyte ratio both animal and human. In vitro culture showed selective toxicity by FHD against human melanoma and leukemia cell line but reduced toxicity was showed by normal cell line. As for the anti-virus activity, anti-virus effect was tested on the feeder layer of human fibroblast cell, after 9 days of culture. Second, FHD inhibits colon cancer growth in 3-methylholanthrene induced cancer in rat. Conclusion: The present results suggest that our fermented herbal decoction showed selective anti-cancer activities and anti-virus activities, together with the regulative effect on the immune system.

Seroprevalence of Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (bPI-3V) in Ruminants from Grenada

Respiratory viral infections are known for serious economic losses in ruminants. Bovine parain-fluenza 3 virus (bPI-3V) a member of Respirovirus genus in association with other respiratory viruses causes respiratory disease complex in ruminants. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of bPI-3V in non vaccinated cattle, sheep and goats from Grenada. Sera were collected randomly from 60 sheep, 60 goats and 60 cattle from all six parishes of Grenada. Sera were tested for antibodies to bPI-3V using an indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) kit. Antibodies to bPI-3V were detected in 13.4% (Confidence Level (CL): 95%;Confidence Interval (CI): 4.76% to 22.02%) in cattle;16.7% (CL: 95%;CI: 7.26% to 26.14%) in sheep and 11.7% (CL: 95%;CI: 3.57% to 19.83%) in goats. There was statistically no significant difference in prevalence (p > 0.05) of antibodies to bPI-3V in cattle, sheep and goats in Grenada. This is the first report on seroprevalence of bPI-3V in ruminants in Grenada, West Indies.

Evaluation of an attenuated vaccine candidate based on the genotype C of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 in albino guinea pigs

Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3（BPIV3） is considered as one of the most important respiratory tract pathogens of both young and adult cattle, and widespread among cattle in the world. BPIV3 was first reported in China in 2008 and four strains of BPIV3 were isolated from Shandong Province, known as genotype C（BPIV3c）. Pathogen investigations had shown that BPIV3 c infection was very common among cattle in China. To date, BPIV3 can be classified into genotypes A, B and C based on genetic and phylogenetic analysis. Serological survey also demonstrates that BPIV3 infection is widespread in China, however, there is still no available vaccine for BPIV3 prevention in China nowadays. In the present study, the BPIV3 c strain SD0835 was continuously passaged on Madin-Darby bovine kidney（MDBK） cells for hundreds of times, and the pathogenicity of passage 209 was reduced in guinea pigs. The passage 209 of BPIV3 c strain SD0835 was used as a live vaccine candidate to immunize the guinea pigs. The vaccination results revealed that two vaccinations could induce excellent serum neutralizing antibody responses as well as proliferation of T lymphocytes. The vaccinated guinea pigs were well protected against challenge with a low passage of BPIV3 c strain SD0835. Additionally, the percentages of CD4~＋ and CD8~＋ T cell subsets of animals in vaccinated group increased after immunization; T cell subsets on day 2 after challenge in both groups decreased, and the decline of CD4~＋ and CD8~＋ T cell subsets levels of four guinea pigs in vaccinated group was relatively moderate, comparing with that of the control group. These data support further testing of the attenuated virus as an effective candidate vaccine.

Herpes simplex virus-1 infection or Simian virus 40-mediated immortalization of corneal cells causes permanent translocation of NLRP3 to the nuclei

AIM: To investigate into the potential involvement of pyrin containing 3 gene(NLRP3), a member of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors with cytosolic pattern recognition, in the host defense of corneas against viruses.METHODS: The herpes viral keratitis model was utilized in BALB/c mice with inoculation of herpes simplex virus-1(HSV-1). Corneal tissues removed during therapy of patients with viral keratitis as well as a Simian vacuolating virus 40(SV40)-immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line were also examined.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect NLRP3 in these subjects, focusing on their distribution in tissue or cells. Western blot was used to measure the level of NLRP3 and another two related molecules in NLPR3 inflammasome, namely caspase-1 and IL-1β.RESULTS: The NLRP3 activation induced by HSV-1infection in corneas was accompanied with redistribution of NLRP3 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in both murine and human corneal epithelial cells. Furthermore,in the SV40-immortalized human corneal epithelial cells,NLRP3 was exclusively located in the nucleus, and treatment of the cells with high concentration of extracellular potassium(known as an inhibitor of NLRP3activation) effectively drove NLRP3 back to the cytoplasm as reflected by both immunohistochemistry and Western blot.· CONCLUSION: It is proposed that herpes virus infection activates and causes redistribution of NLRP3 to nuclei. Whether this NLRP3 translocation occurs with other viral infections and in other cell types merit further study.

Autophagy induced by human adenovirus B7 structural protein VI inhibits viral replication

Human adenovirus B7(HAdV-B7)causes severe acute lower respiratory tract infections in children.However,neither the child-specific antivirals or vaccines are available,nor the pathogenesis is clear.Autophagy,as part of innate immunity,plays an important role in resistance to viral infection by degrading the virus and promoting the development of innate and adaptive immunity.This study provided evidence that HAdV-B7 infection induced complete autophagic flux,and the pharmacological induction of autophagy decreased HAdV-B7 replication.In this process,the host protein Bcl2-associated athanogene 3(BAG3)mediated autophagy to inhibit the replication of HAdV-B7 by binding to the PPSY structural domain of viral protein pVI through its WW structural domain.These findings further our understanding of the host immune response during viral infection and will help to develop broad anti-HAdV therapies.

人β防御素3对绿色荧光蛋白标记水疱性口炎病毒复制的作用

目的探讨人β防御素-3(HBD3)对绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)-水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)病毒株复制的作用。方法取对数生长期非洲绿猴肾细胞(Vero)分为Control组、1.00感染复数(MOI)组、0.10 MOI及0.01MOI组,Control组为无病毒对照组,后3组Vero细胞用1.00 MOI、0.10 MOI、0.01MOI VSV-GFP感染,采用噬斑形成实验观察感染第3天时各组Vero细胞存活情况,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测感染24 h时1.00、0.10及0.01 MOI组Vero细胞内病毒基质蛋白(M)和GFP信使RNA(mRNA)表达;取对数生长期人非小细胞肺癌细胞(A549)分为未处理组、VSV-GFP组及VSV-GFP+HBD3组,采用Imag J软件对各组镜下A549荧光进行相对定量分析,使用RT-PCR检测各组A549细胞内M和GFP mRNA表达。结果随着病毒滴度的增加,Vero细胞内空斑形成数目增多;Vero细胞内M和GFP mRNA表达表现为0.01 MOI组<0.10 MOI组<1.00 MOI组(P<0.05);VSV-GFP+HBD3组A549细胞单位面积内的荧光强度较VSV-GFP组减弱(P<0.05),M和GFP mRNA表达较VSV-GFP组降低(P<0.05)。结论HBD3可抑制VSV-GFP进入细胞后的病毒复制。

一起肉牛副流感病毒3型、巴氏杆菌、牛支原体混合感染的诊治

牛呼吸道综合征往往是多种病原体混合感染引起,致病机制复杂。云南省昆明市某肉牛养殖场部分犊牛出现了以咳嗽、气短、流鼻涕、腹泻等呼吸道症状为主要表现的呼吸道疾病,随后多头相继死亡,剖检主要病变为气管、胃黏膜、小肠出血,肺脏肝变,肝脏出血肿大,心脏出血,心包黏连等;经采病料用常见呼吸道疾病病原(牛病毒性腹泻病毒,牛冠状病毒,牛副流感病毒3型,牛呼吸道合胞体病毒,牛疱疹病毒1型,多杀性巴氏杆菌,溶血性曼氏杆菌,牛支原体)8联PCR检测试剂盒检测,结果为副流感病毒3型、多杀性巴氏杆菌、牛支原体混合感染。经用加米霉素、10%替米考星和20%氟苯尼考等大环内酯类药物治疗,结合加强饲养管理,多数病牛恢复了健康。

山羊副流感病毒3型的研究进展

山羊群中普遍存在山羊副流感病毒3型(CPIV3)病毒的感染,严重危害养羊业的健康发展。该文简要介绍了CPIV3的临床表现、流行病学、病原学、致病性、诊断技术、疫苗研发及防控技术等内容。研究表明,研制出安全有效的疫苗是控制山羊副流感病毒3型的方法,对预防由CPIV3引起的呼吸道疾病具有重要意义。

牛副流感病毒3型的分离鉴定及感染牛抗体消长规律的研究

目的针对黑龙江省近几年夏季奶牛经常发生以高热、气喘和流涎等症状为主的疾病,给畜牧业造成严重经济损失,本文旨在研究其病原因素及感染牛中和抗体的变化趋势。方法本研究采集爆发高热病的牛群中患病牛乳汁和鼻液进行病毒分离,经CPE和扫描电镜观察、理化特性试验、血凝试验、病毒中和试验以及RT-PCR方法鉴定分离的病毒,最后应用病毒中和试验跟踪监测5头典型发病牛中和抗体13个月。结果从病料中分离到一种RNA病毒,能够产生典型的细胞融合样CPE,有囊膜和栅栏样纤突,但是没有血凝性,能够与参考毒株牛副流感病毒3型抗血清发生病毒中和反应,HN基因的序列分析发现与牛副流感病毒3型HN基因同源性最高达99.6%。发病牛中和抗体跟踪监测结果显示康复期抗体效价是急性期的4倍以上,同时可见感染牛的中和抗体效价在6-8个月内能够维持在1:25～1:27,然后开始下降,最后维持在1:22～1:23之间。结论综上所述确定分离毒株是牛副流感病毒3型,进一步证实该病毒是引起本牛群高热病的病因之一,而且感染后中和抗体效价至少在6个月以内能够维持在较高的水平。

山羊源副流感病毒3型的分离与分子鉴定

2013年下半年至2014年3月,江苏多地育肥羊出现呼吸道症状为主的疾病。采集不同发病场鼻拭子和血清样品,检测呼吸道相关病原,在大部分样品中检测到副流感病毒3型。将阳性病料接种于MDBK细胞,连续传代5代,经RT-PCR和血凝试验检测证实分离到病毒,命名为JS2013。扩增完整的M基因,进行进化分析表明该毒株不同于牛和人副流感病毒3型,具有独特的基因特征。这是国内外首次报道山羊源副流感病毒3型的分离鉴定。

牛副流感病毒3型NP单抗的制备及初步应用

为制备牛副流感病毒3型(BPIV3)核衣壳蛋白(NP)单克隆抗体(MAb),本研究利用原核表达并纯化的重组NP(rNP)免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫后小鼠脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0融合。采用以BPIV3为检测抗原的间接ELISA方法筛选阳性细胞克隆,经3次克隆纯化后获得1株稳定分泌抗NP特异性MAb的杂交瘤细胞株(5E5)并制备腹水,采用rNP及BPIV3包被的ELISA效价分别是2×106和1.28×105。间接ELISA、western blot、IFA试验表明该MAb具有良好的反应性和特异性。经抗体亚类鉴定该MAb亚类为IgG1/κ。特异性试验表明该MAb不与牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒、牛病毒性腹泻病毒反应。免疫组化试验表明该MAb可以检测BPIV3感染动物体内的病原。该MAb还可用于建立检测BPIV3病原及抗体的诊断方法,同时为研究NP的结构和功能提供了条件。

人3型副流感病毒HN基因的克隆、表达及其免疫原性

目的克隆人3型副流感病毒(HPIV-3)HN基因,构建原核表达质粒,并检测表达蛋白的免疫原性。方法从呼吸道感染患儿呼吸道分泌物中提取HPIV-3RNA,用套式RT-PCR扩增HN基因,克隆至pGEM-T载体上,进行核苷酸序列分析,并用生物信息软件分析HN蛋白的二级结构,构建截短的HN基因原核表达载体pET-28a-HN,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达。表达蛋白经SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测后,进行纯化和复性。并以此蛋白免疫昆明小鼠,检测小鼠血清中HN抗体效价。结果扩增出的HPIV-3的HN基因核苷酸序列与参考序列的同源性为95%,氨基酸序列同源性为97%,有16处发生了突变。截短的HN基因的原核表达载体经酶切鉴定及测序,证明构建正确。重组HN蛋白的表达量占菌体总蛋白的30%以上,且具有良好的反应原性。复性的重组HN蛋白免疫的小鼠可产生高效价的抗HN抗体。结论原核表达的截短的HN蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,能够刺激小鼠产生较高水平的抗体应答。

呼吸道合胞病毒、副流感病毒3型毛细支气管炎患儿鼻咽分泌物趋化因子水平的比较

目的探讨趋化因子在呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)及副流感病毒3型(PIV3)所致毛细支气管炎发病机制中的作用,比较两种病毒感染对其表达的影响。方法毛细支气管炎患儿40例,入院24 h内收集其鼻咽分泌物(NPS),应用直接免疫荧光法检测RSV和PIV3抗原。对照组为行心导管检查术和腹部手术的患儿14例。应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定NPS中调节活化正常T细胞表达及分泌的趋化因子(RANTES)、巨噬细胞炎性蛋白1α(MIP-1α)、IL-8水平。结果RSV阳性26例,PIV3阳性14例。PIV3感染患儿RANTES、MIP-1α及IL-8水平均高于RSV感染组,但差异无显著性(Z=0.551,0.357,0.169 Pa>0.05)。RSV及PIV3感染组RANTES、MIP-1α、IL-8水平均明显高于对照组(Z=3.65,4.10,4.22;Z=4.13,4.85,5.08 Pa<0.001)。RSV感染组RANTES、MIP-1α、IL-8间均呈显著正相关(P<0.01,0.05);PIV3组IL-8与MIP-1α及RANTES均呈显著正相关(Pa<0.01),RANTES与MIP-1α无相关性。结论RSV与PIV3感染有相似的免疫发病机制。趋化因子可能在其发病机制和呼吸道炎症中起重要作用。

牛副流感病毒3型双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立牛副流感病毒3型（BPIV3）双抗体夹心ELISA（DAS-ELISA）检测方法,本研究采用纯化的病毒分别免疫小鼠与家兔,制备鼠抗BPIV3单克隆抗体（MAb）与兔抗BPIV3多克隆抗体（PAb）。以纯化的兔抗BPIV3 PAb作为包被抗体,鼠抗BPIV3 MAb作为检测抗体,采用棋盘滴定法确定DAS-ELISA的最适工作条件。结果显示,纯化的兔抗BPIV3 PAb与鼠抗BPIV3 MAb的效价分别为1：25 600和1∶12 800,均可与BPIV3病毒蛋白特异性结合。建立的DAS-ELISA方法捕获抗体最佳包被浓度为10μg/m L,37℃孵育1 h;检测抗体最佳工作浓度为2.5μg/m L,37℃孵育1 h;TMB室温显色30 min。判定的临界值为0.451。本研究建立的DAS-ELISA方法与牛轮状病毒、牛冠状病毒、牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒、牛呼吸道合胞体病毒均无交叉反应,特异性较强。检测下限为103TCID50。批间和批内变异系数均小于10%,具有良好的重复性。利用该方法和RT-PCR对75份牛鼻拭子临床样品进行检测,两者符合率为94.6%。本研究建立的检测BPIV3的DAS-ELISA方法适用于兽医基层临床样品的大规模检测。

BPIV-3和BVDV双重RT-PCR快速检测方法的建立

参照GenBank中登录的牛副流感病毒3型(BPIV-3)和牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)全基因序列,分别针对BPIV3特异性NP蛋白保守基因和BVDV保守区段E2基因设计2对引物,经优化反应条件建立了快速鉴别BPIV-3和BVDV的双重RT-PCR诊断方法。最佳扩增条件为94℃30s,56.2℃30s,72℃1min,循环30次;72℃延伸5min,16℃10min;BVDV引物浓度为1.0μmol/L,BPIV-3引物浓度为0.5μmol/L。采用该方法检测BPIV-3和BVDV参考病毒株,能同时扩增出预期为425bp和294bp大小的特异性片段,而扩增牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒、牛合胞体病毒、猪瘟病毒以及牛支原体、致病性大肠埃希菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌A型、化脓隐秘杆菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌等均呈阴性反应。对参考病毒株进行梯度稀释检测,结果证明该方法检测BPIV-3的灵敏度可达10-3 TCID50/0.1mL,而BVDV的灵敏度达102 TCID50/0.1mL。

北方三省(区)牛副流感病毒3型的血清学调查

为了解我国北方三省(区)牛副流感病毒3型(BPIV3)的感染状况,从内蒙古、吉林、山西3个省采集牛血清样品482份。采用病毒中和试验方法进行BPIV3抗体检测。结果显示,482份血清中BPIV3阳性共439份,阳性率为91.08%。吉林、内蒙、山西3省区中血清BPIV3阳性率分别97.35%、84.31%、95.15%。研究表明,中国北方三省(区)牛群中普遍存在BPIV3的感染。

牛副流感病毒3型抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立与初步应用

旨在建立牛副流感病毒3型(BPIV3)抗体间接ELISA检测方法。克隆NP-HN截短串联基因并构建原核表达载体pET28a(+)-NP-HN,诱导纯化NP-HN重组蛋白作为包被抗原,优化ELISA反应条件,建立BPIV3抗体间接ELISA检测方法,进一步与病毒中和试验和进口ELISA试剂盒进行比较,应用本方法对270份临床血清样本进行了检测。结果表明,表达的NP-HN重组蛋白大小为44ku,具有良好的反应原性,建立的ELISA检测方法特异性强,与牛的主要呼吸道病原如牛病毒性腹泻病毒、牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒等均无交叉反应,批内和批间重复性试验的变异系数小于8%,与病毒中和试验和进口商品化ELISA试剂盒的总符合率分别为96.67%和98.89%。对采自山东、辽宁和天津的270份临床血清样本检测后总的阳性率为82.59%(223/270)。建立的BPIV3抗体间接ELISA方法具有较好的特异性和敏感性,可应用于BPIV3的流行病学调查和抗体检测研究。