Helicobacter Pylori Infection: Epidemiological, Clinical and Pathological Aspects in a Digestive Endoscopy Unit and the Pathological Anatomy Service of Parakou in Benin Republic

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is the most common bacterial infection in the world. World Health Organization has classified this bacterium as a Class I carcinogen. The objective of this work is to study the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of Helicobacter pylori infection among adults in a digestive endoscopy unit and the pathological anatomy service of Parakou. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted from January 2020 to September 2020 in the digestive endoscopy unit and pathological anatomy service at the Departmental University Hospital Center of Borgou. Patients aged 18 years and older, who had undergone a gastroscopy with biopsies and who gave their oral consent were included. Three antral biopsies and two fundic biopsies were performed. The search for Hp was done under an optical microscope after staining with hematoxylin eosin. Results: A total of 151 patients were included and 51.66% were infected with Hp. Their average age was 40.63 ± 15.32 years and the sex ratio was 0.9. Epigastric pain was the most reported symptom (71.01%). Endoscopically, the prevalence of erythematous gastropathy was 98.72%. The study of chronic Hp gastritis according to Sydney system had shown signs of activity in 100% of patients with Hp and glandular atrophy in 83.33% of them. Intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia accounted for 24.35% and 29.48% of cases, respectively. Factors associated with Hp infection were: absence of proton pump inhibitor intake prior to examination, absence of handwashing with soap and water before eating, erythematous aspect of gastritis on gastroscopy, absence of intestinal metaplasia of the fundus, active and chronic aspects of gastritis on histology. Conclusion: The frequency of Hp infection in hospitals among adults admitted to the Digestive Endoscopy Unit of Parakou is high. To reduce this prevalence, it will be necessary to act on the factors identified.

Contribution to the Study of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Medical Students at the University of Parakou in Republic of Benin

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder. The objective of this work is to contribute to improving the medical follow-up of medical students at the University of Parakou through a study of irritable bowel syndrome. Study Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study with prospective data collection. Data were collected from medical students from May 2018 to July 2018 using a pre-established questionnaire. Sampling was probabilistic using a two-stage survey. The diagnostic tools were: Rome IV criteria, Bristol scale and HAD (hospital anxiety and depression) scale. Data analysis was performed using Epi Info 7.1.3.14 software. CDC. Results: Thirty-two (7.55%) of the 424 students included had irritable bowel syndrome. Out of the 32 students with IBS, 24 (75%) were female. Their average age was 21.38 ± 2.39 years. For 24 students (75%), the symptoms occurred at the same time as exam preparation or the intense course period. Of the 32 students with IBS, 1 (3.12%) was regularly physically active. In this series, 8 students (28%) consulted a doctor for their symptoms. The factors associated with this syndrome were female sex (p = 0.022), sleep disorders (p = 0.008) and the presence of a doubtful depression (p = 0.021). Absenteeism due to irritable bowel syndrome was noted in 18 (56.25%) students. Conclusion: Irritable bowel syndrome is a common condition among medical students in Parakou. Support for better management of psychological disorders could improve the quality of life of these students.

Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Northern Benin: Follow up of a Cohort at the Borgou/Alibori Branch of Integrated Medical Healthcare Center for Infants and Pregnant Women with Sickle Cell Disease from 2017 to 2022

Introduction: Sickle cell disease is a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. A national referral center for the management of infants and pregnant women with sickle cell disease (CPMI-NFED) was created three decades ago in Cotonou, in the south of Benin with two regional branches including that of Parakou in the North for better access of patients to specialized care. This work is a review of five years of activities in order to describe the epidemiological, clinical, hematological and evolutionary profiles of the children followed up in the said branch. Method: This was a descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional study on the medical records of children with sickle cell disease, followed up at the regional branch of CPMI-NFED in Borgou/Alibori from June 1, 2017 to May 31, 2022. The variables studied were epidemiological, clinical, biological and evolutionary. Results: A total of 101 children with sickle cell disease were included in the study, including 78 homozygous SS (77.2%) and 23 heterozygous SC (22.8%). Their mean age at inclusion was 51.2 ± 37.6 months [6 - 204]. The sex ratio was 1.4. Vaso-occlusive crises were the main diagnostic circumstances in 42.3% of homozygotes. More than half of the children (51.5%) had a regular follow-up. The average baseline level of hemoglobin (Hb) in homozygous children was 8.8 ± 1.4 g/dl [5.8 - 11.5];and the rate of Hb S varied between 61.9 and 94.7%. In heterozygous SC children, the mean baseline level of Hb was 10.7 ± 0.6 g/dl [9.7 - 11.5]. Acute complications observed during follow-up were dominated by pneumonia and vaso-occlusive crises in both phenotypes. The overall mortality was 3% and only affected homozygous patients. Conclusion: On average, three out of four children were homozygous in our cohort. The main acute complications were infectious and vaso-occlusive. The mortality only affected homozygous carriers. Specialized follow-up has contributed to improving the quality of life of children with sickle cell disease. This could be implemented on a large scale for better survival of children with sickle cell disease.

Self-Medication Practice against Malaria and Associated Factors in the City of Parakou in Northern Benin: Results of a Population Survey in 2017

Introduction: Self-medication is a common practice in Benin. It has many consequences on people’s health in general and develops chemoresistance in particular. Aim: The aim of this work is to study the practice of anti-malarial self-medication in the city of Parakou and to identify the associated factors with this practice. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional analytical survey that took place in the period from April 15 to June 24, 2017. Adults who reported having had malaria symptoms in the last 6 months before the survey and living in 9 neighbourhoods randomly selected in the city of Parakou were included. A structured questionnaire collected their self-medication habit, the drugs used, the supply places and the reasons for this practice. Data were analysed using the Epi-data 3.1 software. Results: Of the 335 respondents included in this study, 141 (42.09%) had self-medicated including 130 (38.81%) with anti-malarial drugs. Fever is the main symptom of malaria cited by respondents (129% or 38.51%) followed by headache (93% or 27.76%). The most commonly used anti-malarial drugs for self-medication are quinine (60% or 44.45%) followed by artemisinin-based combination therapy (46% or 34.07%). Eighty-seven respondents (66.92%) did not have a good knowledge of the drug dosage. Reasons for self-medication were mainly the high cost of consultation fees (99% or 54.10%) and good knowledge of one’s illness (53% or 28.96%). Self-medication associated factors were fever (p = 0.04), non-prescription drugs supply in pharmacies (p Conclusion: Self-medication is a common practice in the city of Parakou. Medicines purchased without prescription in pharmacies and drugs availability in street facilitate this practice, which may compromise the effectiveness of anti-malarial drugs.

Clinical and Immunological Characteristics in HIV-Infected Patients at the Treatment Initiation at the University Hospital of Parakou (Benin)

Goal: To describe the clinical and immunological characteristics in the HIV-infected patients at the antiretroviral treatment initiation. Methods: This was a descriptive and retrospective study on the cohort of the patients living with HIV followed at Parakou teaching hospital from the 1st January 2004 to the 31st December 2012. Persons under the age of 15 and the pregnant women have been excluded from the study. Results: The active file was composed of 988 patients under antiretroviral treatment. They were 339 men and 649 women. The sex ratio was 0.52. The average age of the patients was 35.49 ± 9.72 years. The immunodeficiency was profound with 57.65% of patients at the stage 3 of WHO and 42.35% at the stage 4. Opportunistic infections at the antiretroviral treatment initiation were dominated by oral candidiasis (30.16%), the diarrhea (20.45%) and zona (11.03%). Conclusion: HIV infection touched young adults who consult at an advanced stage of immunodeficiency.

Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality from 2010 to 2016 in the Neonatal Care Unit of the University Teaching Hospital of Parakou/Benin

Introduction: Neonatal mortality accounts for 44% of deaths among children. This study aimed to investigate neonatal morbidity and mortality in the neonatal care unit of the University Teaching Hospital of Parakou (CHU-P) from 2010 to 2016. Patients and Methods: This research was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study that covered the period from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2016. It focused on the medical records of newborns hospitalized in the said unit during the period mentioned above. Study variables were sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical and outcome. Findings: During the time span of the study, 6204 newborns were registered. Sex ratio was 1.32. Mean age for newborns was 6.01 ± 5.39 days. Clinically obvious neonatal infection (54.1%), prematurity and low birth weight (34.8%) and perinatal asphyxia (30%) were the main diseases of newborns recorded in the unit during the study period. Mortality rate was 16.8% including 77.9% occurred in the first week of life and 62.1% in the first 24 hours of life. Conclusion: More than one in six newborns died and three out of five deaths occurred in the first 24 hours of life. Therefore, it seems wise to carry out a case-control study with multivariate analysis in order to identify the main risk factors for that mortality.

Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Survival of Breast Cancer: Data from the Population-Based Cancer Registry of the City of Parakou from 2017 to 2021

Background: Breast cancer mortality remains high in the majority of developing countries. The Ministry of Health has established two population-based cancer registries in Benin: the first one in Cotonou in 2014 and the second one in Parakou in 2017. However, there is a scarcity of data on breast cancer survival and prognosis in Benin Republic. Objective: This study sought to investigate epidemiological, diagnostic, and survival aspects of breast cancer in Parakou, based on data from its population-based cancer registry from 2017 to 2021. Method: For descriptive and analytical purposes, we used a retrospective cohort design. From January 24, 2022 to August 31, 2022, data were collected in all health facilities covered by the Parakou population-based cancer registry using an individual questionnaire. Survival and prognosis analysis were performed using KAPLAN MEIER method and David COX proportional hazard model respectively. Result: A total of 81 patients have been included in this study. The incidence rate of breast cancer in Parakou was 17.5 per 100,000 person-years with a mortality rate of 2.76 per 100,000 person-years. The median age at diagnosis was 44.50 years with extremes ranging from 19 to 76 years and a predominance of 40 - 50 years age group. The median survival time was estimated at 30 months with an overall 5-year survival of 47%. Young age at diagnosis (p-value = 0.002) and advanced stage at diagnosis (p-value = 0.000) had a negative impact on survival in women. The combination of surgery and chemotherapy improved survival (p-value = 0.018). Conclusion: Breast cancer is still a public health issue in Parakou. It comes out mandatory that resources be made available to make screening, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of breast cancer affordable.

Level of Knowledge Regarding Breast Cancer among Women in the Commune of Parakou in 2021

Background: Women well-informed regarding breast cancer are often most conscious about their breast health and would therefore seek medical attention when detecting the initial symptoms. Objective: This study sought to identify factors associated with a good level of knowledge regarding breast cancer among women in the commune of Parakou in 2021. Method: This was a prospective cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical purposes, carried out from June 5 to August 5, 2022, among women residing in the first district of the commune of Parakou. A pre-designed questionnaire set up with the Kobotoolbox server was used for data collection through a cluster survey sampling technique. Pearson’s chi-square test was implemented to determine associations between variables. Result: A total of 630 women were included in this study. The prevalence of women well-informed about breast cancer was 21.75% (95% CI = [18.70 - 25.13]). Factors associated with good knowledge regarding breast cancer were age group (p-value < 0.001), school level (p-value < 0.001), occupation (p-value < 0.001), and regular attendance at a health facility (p-value Conclusion: Several women remain unaware of breast cancer in the commune of Parakou. A huge effort is still needed to increase the level of coverage of information regarding breast cancer and its prevention methods.

Dysfunctions in the Management of Patients Whose Outcome Was Classified as “Maternal Death” from 2017 to 2021, at the Departemental University Teaching Hospital of Borgou Alibori (Chud-Ba), Benin

Background: Maternal death is a major public health problem worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: This study sought to investigate dysfunctions in the management of patients whose outcome was classified as “maternal death” in the Gynaecology-Obstetrics section of the Departmental University Teaching Hospital of Borgou Alibori (CHUD-BA) from 2017 to 2021. Method: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical purposes. The study population consisted of pregnant women, parturients and puerperas admitted into the CHUD-BA maternity ward from 2017 to 2021. Result: A total of 2011 patients were included in this study. The in-hospital maternal mortality ratio was 1526 per 100,000 live births. The dysfunctions identified were the amount of time spent in the referring center (more than 48 hours) (p = 0.001), delay of more than 2 hours between referral and admission into the referral center (p < 0.001), means of transport (motorcycle or public transport) (p compliance to the protocol for emergency obstetric and neonatal care (SONU) (p < 0.001) and delay of more than 2 hours in the etiological management of pregnant women (p Conclusion: Particular attention should be paid to the management of pregnant women in our healthcare system if we are looking forward to reducing maternal mortality.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice Regarding Breast Cancer among Parakou University Female Students in 2021

Background: Breast cancer is a life-threatening pathology affecting women across the world. Evidence suggests deficiency of knowledge and numerous sociodemographic factors contribute to delayed medical attention seeking behavior whether initial symptoms of breast cancer go undetected. Objective: This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding breast cancer among Parakou University female students in 2021. Method: This was a cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical purposes, carried out on the campus of the University of Parakou, from June 14 to July 2, 2021. Data collection was performed through an individual online questionnaire, designed with KoBoCollect version 1.29.3. Data analysis was implemented with EPI INFO VERSION 7.1.3.3 software. Result: A total of 200 students meeting the inclusion criteria participated in this study. Among them, 20.5% had never heard about breast cancer. Non practice of breast cancer screening (breast self-examination) prevalence was 80%. Factors favoring non practice of breast cancer screening were: ethnicity, religion, not adhering to screening ideas, not committing to educating family and friends about screening. Factors promoting breast cancer screening practice were: having ever heard about breast cancer, being able to point to breast cancer symptoms, having adequate knowledge of breast cancer screening methods, having a good knowledge of the late-stage screening drawbacks. Conclusion: Some young women with high school level are still unaware of breast cancer and do not practice screening. Policymakers should consider more effective information outreach.

Auditory Clinical Profile of Nightclub Employees in the City of Parakou in 2021

Introduction: Hearing impairments are common among nightclub workers. The present work aims to study the hearing clinical profile of these employees in the city of Parakou in 2021. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive analytical study from March 14 to June 15, 2021. It focused on employees of 13 nightclubs in the city of Parakou. Were included in the study, employees with at least 03 months of practice and aged at least 18 to 50 years at most on the date of the survey and who had given their informed consent to participate in the study. Each employee received a questionnaire, an otoscopy and an acoumetry in tune. Noise pollution was measured at each workstation using a sound level meter. Results: A total of 114 employees were collected. The mean age was 26.38 years ± 4.81 and the sex ratio 0.87. The server position was occupied by 65 employees (57%) followed by managers, 19 or 16.70%- and 17-disc jockeys, 14.90%. Among the employees 31.60% exercised between 03 and 09 months. 76.32% were exposed to noise for more than 8 hours per day and 81.58% were exposed to noise for more than 40 hours per week. The sound level at the workstation was for 59 employees (51.75%) between 90 and 100 dB. Tinnitus was the most expressed complaint, respectively 21 (18.40%) on the right and 22 (19.30%) on the left. Rinne’s test was positive in 85.10% of employees. Weber’s test was indifferent to all frequencies in the majority of respondents. Conclusion: Hearing damage among nightclub employees in the city of Parakou is a reality. It is important to put preventive measures in place.

Epidemiological Profile of Stress among Health Professionals in Northern Benin in 2021

Objective: To study the epidemiological profile of stress among health professionals in North Benin in 2021. Methods: It was a cross-sectional and descriptive study with health professionals in the Parakou-N’dali and Tchaourou health zones. These two areas have a population of 462,942 inhabitants served by two university hospitals, three area hospitals and 19 health centers. Sampling was exhaustive by free and informed consent. The data was collected through a questionnaire. Studied socio-professional characteristics and stress. The level of stress was assessed using the Karasek questionnaire. Results: Of 813 caregivers approached, 692 were investigated. The participation rate was 85.1%. The average age was 38 years old. Subjects aged 28 - 38 were more numerous, as were those aged between 1 and 10 years. The prevalence of stress was 73.8%. Its level was high at 17.8% and very high at 4.5%. Women were affected (76.6%) than men (70.7%). Within the professional category, midwives were the most affected (82.5%). Respondents from the denominational sector were 90.8% reached. Conclusion: Professional stress is endemic in health facilities in northern Benin, particularly faith-based ones. Action must be taken to reduce it.

Epidemiological, Clinical and Paraclinical Aspects of Cirrhosis at Borgou Departmental University Hospital Center (Benin)

Objective: To study the epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical aspects of cirrhosis at Borgou Departmental University hospital Center. Methods: This is a retrospective study for descriptive purpose conducted in the Internal Medicine Department. The study population consists of patients hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Department during the period from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2016. Results: The frequency of cirrhosis was 1.35%. The sex ratio was 3.76. The average age of patients was 45.22 ± 15.23 years old, with a range from 15 to 82 years. There is a post hepatitis Bcirrhosis predominance in 87.5% of cases, followed by alcoholic cirrhosis in 21.59% of cases. The complications of cirrhosis are dominated by ascites (78.4%) and jaundice (52%). Conclusion: Cirrhosis is a condition that is wide spread. The hepatitis B virusis the main cause of liver cirrhosis followed by alcoholism. Ascites is the most encountered complication. It’s very important now to educate the populations for a behaviour change and to promote vaccination against viral hepatitis.

Evaluation of the Use of Jadelle Contraceptive Implant by Women in the City of Parakou in 2016

Introduction: Maternal mortality is still very high in Benin. Being one of the methods of reducing this mortality, contraception is still very rarely used in Benin, particularly in Borgou district. The objective of this work was to evaluate the experience of using Jadelle contraceptive implants by women in the city of Parakou in the Borgou department. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, with retrospective and prospective data collection over the period from March 1 to July 31, 2016. Results: A total of 320 women were involved in the study. The mean age was 28.29 years, with extremes of 16 and 44 years. Socio-professionally, housewives predominated (56.88%). Sixty-eight point forty-four percent of women were educated and only 111 (34.69%) women had reached secondary school;married women were mostly represented. Obstetrically, multi-gestures were the most affected (43.75%). Birth spacing was the main reason for choosing Jadelle (48.13%). Majority of patients had their husbands consent to use Jadelle contraceptive method (85.31%). Sixty-eight point fifty-two percent of women had used this contraceptive method for 2 to 4 years. Jadelle had been chosen by the majority (78.75%) of the women, for its long duration of action and its easy use. The dropout rate for Jadelle was 35/320 (10.94%) after 3 years of use. The failure rate for this method was 0.31% (1/320). The satisfaction rate was 87.5%. Conclusion: Jadelle contraceptive implants are an important part of contraceptive methods in Parakou.

Complications of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy at the Departmental University Hospital Teaching of Borgou (Benin) in 2022: About 3 Cases

Introduction: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a dilated cardiomyopathy occurring in the last month of pregnancy or the first five months postpartum without pre-existing cardiovascular pathology. It is a major cause of pregnancy-related heart failure with high morbidity and mortality. In severe forms (10% to 15% of cases), thrombo-embolic complications are the main cause. The initial hemodynamic evolution is totally unpredictable and sometimes extremely brutal and fatal. The objective of this work was to show the often pejorative evolution of PPCM in our country. Methods: We report in this work three serious clinical cases revealing the complications of this PPCM among patients admitted to the cardiology department of the CHUD-B/A in 2022 for heart failure. The data were collected according to the Declaration of Helsinki. Patients and Observations: The first case was a PPCM with severe left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction complicated by spontaneous left intraventricular contrast and right superficial sylvian ischemic stroke. The second case reports a global cardiac decompensation of a PPCM with severe LV systolic dysfunction complicated by an apical thrombus. The third case is that of a state of cardiogenic shock complicating a PPCM with severe LV systolic dysfunction. Among our 03 patients presenting these severe forms of PPCM, the evolution, in spite of the symptomatic and prognostic treatments of the heart failure, and even of the complications, was unfavourable with death in two of them. Conclusion: Complications of PPCM are frequent and fatal in Benin.

Newborn Umbilical Cord Care in Parakou in 2013: Practices and Risks

Objective: The objective was to study umbilical care practices and risks in Parakou (North Benin). Patients and method: It was a cross-sectional and descriptive study carried out within a community from June 1 to August 31, 2013. It focused on all the infants born at the maternity of Parakou Health Center and their mothers. Results: Two hundred and ten newborns were included i.e. 101 boys and 109 girls. In 80.9% of cases, inappropriate substances had been applied to umbilical cord. Umbilical cord care quality was adjudged as poor, acceptable and good in 58.6%, 31.9% and 9.5% of cases respectively. A bacterial umbilical infection had been noted in 59.5% of newborns. Only 4.8% had sterile umbilical wound. The commonest bacteria were: Staphylococcus aureus (58.1%), Staphylococcus saprophiticus (53.3%), Escherichia coli (44.8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.3%). The factors associated with umbilical infection were: low educational status of mother (p = 0.026), low-income occupation of mother (p = 0.021), customary practices to accelerate umbilical cord fall off (p = 0.007), short time to cord falling off lower than 6 days (p = 0.015). Conclusion: Umbilical cord care involves high risk for bacterial infection in our context. Strong actions must be taken within the community in order to reduce that risk.

Neonatal Bacterial Infections in Parakou in 2013

Objective: Neonatal bacterial infections are a leading cause of mortality in developing countries, including Benin. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological, clinical and bacteriological aspects of neonatal bacterial infections and their outcomes in the neonatal care unit of the Borgou Regional University Teaching Hospital (CHUD-Borgou). Study design: This manuscript described a cross-sectional study with prospective data collection and an analytical purpose that was performed over the course of 3 months. It was conducted in the neonatal care unit of CHUD-Borgou and focused on 203 newborns who were admitted for suspected bacterial infection. Results: Neonatal bacterial infections accounted for 63.75% of admissions. The sex ratio was 1:1. Prematurity was the main reason for admission (25.1%), and respiratory distress was the most common physical symptom (22.2%). From a bacteriological point of view, 14.7% of blood cultures were positive, and the main isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli (35.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (21.5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.3%). These pathogens were more sensitive to aminoglycosides than to other antibiotics. Lethality was 21.6%. Place of birth (p < 10-3), age of the newborn at admission (p = 0.003) and maternal history of infectious diseases during pregnancy (p = 0.02) were factors associated with neonatal bacterial infections. Conclusion: This study identified the main pathogens responsible for neonatal bacterial infections and their level of sensitivity to antibiotics. It also determined the different factors associated with neonatal bacterial infections that should be considered in newborn care.

Epidemiology and Morphological Hallmark in Symptomatic Spondylotic Beninese Patients

Spondylolisthesis is a well-known neurosurgical condition, in relation with various factors. The main objective was to report the morphological and radiological hallmark of patients presenting with symptomatic spondylolisthesis. This is a prospective, longitudinal, descriptive and analytical study： 1 st April to 30th September 2014. Twenty nine patients were followed up, with female ascendance. The average age is 50 to 69 years. The most frequent level was LA-L5 and in most cases, only one level was involved. Lesions of Grade I were commonest （79.0%）. The average values of the SS （sacral slope） and PI （pelvic incidence） was respectively 36.4 ± 6.9° （17.3° to 49.6°） with a median of 37.8° and 64.9 ±9.2° （42.98° to 87.47°） with a median of 64.6°. LL （lumbar lordosis）, had a mean value of 43.8 ±10.8° （26.2° to 67.0°） with a median of 43.1°. DH （disc height） was 5 to 10 mm in most cases. A report was made with the morphology of the basin of the African woman. Our results are consistent for the most part with the literature data. This present study illustrates a female to male ration of 3. According to BMI （body mass index） assessment, 69% of patients presented with overweight. The main radiologic parameters are compromised with increasing sacral slop and PI and reduction of DH and LL. Findings are characteristic in female population.

Epidemiological and Histopathological Aspects of Chronic Gastritis at the Departmental University Teaching Hospital of Borgou Alibori (CHUD-BA) from 2011 to 2021

Background: Gastritis is better evaluated nowadays since the advent of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Despite the availability of this workup in Benin Republic, there is a scarcity of data on chronic gastritis. Objective: This work aimed to study the epidemiological and histopathological aspects of chronic gastritis in the Departmental University Teaching Hospital of Borgou Alibori (CHUD-B/A) from 2011 to 2021. Method: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical purposes, carried out from February 23, 2022 to May 23, 2022, among patients who had undergone gastric biopsy and/or gastrectomy from January 2011 to January 2022 (10 year), and whose specimens were sent into the histopathology section of the CHUD-B/A. Non-probability sampling was performed with exhaustive recruitment. A survey form has been used to collect data from patients’ medical records. Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests have been used as appropriate to determine correlations between variables. Result: A total of 310 cases of chronic gastritis were diagnosed in the histopathology section of the CHUD-B/A from 2011 to 2021. This represented a chronic gastritis frequency of 91.45% for all gastric lesions diagnosed throughout the study period. Erythematous gastropathy was the most frequent (70.35%). Helicobacter pylori was present in 36.77% and dysplasia was observed in 12.26% of cases. Erythematous gastropathy was a predictive factor for the absence of gastric dysplasia in histopathology check up (p-value = 0.042). In contrast, intestinal metaplasia was predictive of the presence of gastric dysplasia in histopathology check up (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: Chronic gastritis is very common in our setting. Systematic biopsy performance in front of an evocative clinical situation followed by histopathological examination may be encouraged.

Profile of Metabolic Syndrome at CNHU HKM Cotonou

The metabolic syndrome combines morphological, physiological and biochemical abnormalities that evolve over time, predisposing the affected person to atherosclerosis and its complications. The purpose of our work was to determine the clinical and biological profile of metabolic syndrome in patients received for medical examination according to WHO criteria. This was a retrospective study over a 1-year period: from January 1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2018. The information collected was clinical (sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric data, initial blood pressure, cardiovascular history) and biological data (fasting blood glucose level, lipid test). Two thousand six hundred and two patients visited during the study period, including 291 patients (11.18%) for a reason that may evoke the metabolic syndrome but 115 files were retained for this study. The age of the patients was 58.39 ± 10.02 years with extremes ranging from 32 to 81 years old. Metabolic syndrome was found in 77 patients, or 66.9% of patients who had consulted for a reason that might suggest this diagnosis. 44.3% had 3 criteria for definition;19.1% had 4 criteria and 3.5% had 5 criteria. All patients have benefited a mono, bi or antihypertensive therapy associated with antidiabetic or hypolipemic treatment. Metabolic syndrome better predicts cardiovascular risk than analysis of individual risk factors. Its prevention involves diet which must be hyposodium, hypolipidic, without fast sugar and daily physical activities.