Impact of thoracic paravertebral block and sufentanil on outcomes and postoperative cognitive dysfunction in thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery

BACKGROUND Postoperative pain management and cognitive function preservation are crucial for patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer(LC).This is achieved using either a thoracic paravertebral block(TPVB)or sufentanil(SUF)-based multimodal analgesia.However,the efficacy and impact of their combined use on postoperative pain and postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD)remain unclear.AIM To explore the analgesic effect and the influence on POCD of TPVB combined with SUF-based multimodal analgesia in patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection for LC to help optimize postoperative pain management and improve patient outcomes.METHODS This retrospective analysis included 107 patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection for LC at The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital between May 2021 and January 2023.Patients receiving SUF-based multimodal analgesia(n=50)and patients receiving TPVB+SUF-based multimodal analgesia(n=57)were assigned to the control group and TPVB group,respectively.We compared the Ramsay Sedation Scale and visual analog scale(VAS)scores at rest and with cough between the two groups at 2,12,and 24 h after surgery.Serum levels of epinephrine(E),angio-tensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ),norepinephrine(NE),superoxide dismutase(SOD),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and S-100 calcium-binding proteinβ(S-100β)were measured before and 24 h after surgery.The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)was administered 1 day before surgery and at 3 and 5 days after surgery,and the occurrence of POCD was monitored for 5 days after surgery.Adverse reactions were also recorded.RESULTS There were no significant time point,between-group,and interaction effects in Ramsay sedation scores between the two groups(P>0.05).Significantly,there were notable time point effects,between-group differences,and interaction effects observed in VAS scores both at rest and with cough(P<0.05).The VAS scores at rest and with cough at 12 and 24 h after surgery were lower than those at 2 h after surgery and gradually decreased as postoperative time increased(P<0.05).The TPVB group had lower VAS scores than the control group at 2,12,and 24 h after surgery(P<0.05).The MMSE scores at postoperative days 1 and 3 were markedly higher in the TPVB group than in the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of POCD was significantly lower in the TPVB group than in the control group within 5 days after surgery(P<0.05).Both groups had elevated serum E,Ang Ⅱ,and NE and decreased serum SOD levels at 24 h after surgery compared with the preoperative levels,with better indices in the TPVB group(P<0.05).Marked elevations in serum levels of VEGF,TGF-β1,TNF-α,and S-100β were observed in both groups at 24 h after surgery,with lower levels in the TPVB group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION TPVB combined with SUF-based multimodal analgesia further relieves pain in patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical surgery for LC,enhances analgesic effects,reduces postoperative stress response,and inhibits postoperative increases in serum VEGF,TGF-β1,TNF-α,and S-100β levels.This scheme also reduced POCD and had a high safety profile.

Erector Spinae Plane Block Combined with Serratus Anterior Plane Block Versus Thoracic Paravertebral Block for Postoperative Analgesia and Recovery After Thoracoscopic Surgery:A Randomized Controlled Non-inferiority Clinical Trial

Objective This study aimed to compare the postoperative analgesia and recovery of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block combined with serratus anterior plane block(ESPB combined with SAPB)versus thoracic paravertebral block(PVB)after thoracoscopic surgery.Methods Ninety-two patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS)were randomly divided into group S(n=46)and group P(n=46).After anesthesia induction,the same anesthesiologist performed ultrasound-guided ESPB at T5 and T7 levels combined with SAPB at the level of the fifth rib in the midaxillary line in group S and ultrasound-guided PVB at T5 and T7 levels in group P.Patients in both groups were given 40 mL of 0.4%ropivacaine.Eighty-six patients completed the study(group S,n=44;group P,n=42).The morphine consumption,visual analogue scale(VAS)scores at rest and coughing,and frequency of remedial analgesia were recorded at 1,2,4,8,and 24 h postoperatively.Pulmonary function parameters were recorded at 1,4,and 24 h postoperatively,and the quality of recovery(QoR)-15 score at 24 h postoperatively.The adverse effects,duration of chest tube drainage and length of stay were also recorded.Results The morphine consumption at postoperative 4 and 8 h and the incidence of ipsilateral shoulder pain(ISP)were significantly lower in group S than in group P.The QoR-15 questionnaire score at postoperative 24 h was significantly lower in group P than in group S(P<0.05).The morphine consumption was lower at 24 h postoperatively in group S than in group P,with no significant difference found yet.The morphine consumption at other observed times,VAS scores,pulmonary function parameters,frequency of remedial analgesia,duration of chest tube drainage,length of stay,and incidence of other adverse events were comparable between group S and group P.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided ESPB combined with SAPB is non-inferior to PVB in terms of morphine consumption at postoperative 24 h and postoperative recovery.But,this approach can significantly reduce morphine consumption in the early postoperative period(0–8 h)after thoracoscopy with lower incidence of ISP.It is a simpler and safer operation.

Ultrasound-Guided Continuous Thoracic Paravertebral Block Improves Patientʼs Quality of Recovery After Open Hepatectomy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Background Ultrasound-guided continuous thoracic paravertebral block can provide pain-relieving and opioid-sparing effects in patients receiving open hepatectomy.We hypothesize that these effects may improve the quality of recovery(QoR)after open hepatectomy.Methods Seventy-six patients undergoing open hepatectomy were randomized to receive a continuous thoracic paravertebral block with ropivacaine(CTPVB group)or normal saline(control group).All patients received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with morphine postoperatively for 48 hours.The primary outcome was the global Chinese 15-item Quality of Recovery score on postoperative day 7,which was statistically analyzed using Student’s t-test.Results Thirty-six patients in the CTPVB group and 37 in the control group completed the study.Compared to the control group,the CTPVB group had significantly increased global Chinese 15-item Quality of Recovery scores(133.14±12.97 vs.122.62±14.89,P=0.002)on postoperative day 7.Postoperative pain scores and cumulative morphine consumption were significantly lower for up to 8 and 48 hours(P<0.05;P=0.002),respectively,in the CTPVB group.Conclusion Perioperative CTPVB markably promotes patient’s QoR after open hepatectomy with a profound analgesic effect in the early postoperative period.

Assessing the Impact of General Anesthesia and Bronchial Intubation in Conjunction with Thoracic Paravertebral Nerve Block on Cellular Immunity and Surgical Management in Tuberculous Pyothorax Patients

Objective:This study aims to investigate the impact of combining general anesthesia with bronchial intubation and thoracic paravertebral nerve block during surgery for patients with tuberculous pyothorax.Methods:Eighty patients diagnosed with tuberculous pyothorax,admitted to the hospital between January 2023 and September 2023,were randomly selected for this study.The patients were divided into control and study groups using a numerical table method.The control group underwent general anesthesia with bronchial intubation,while the study group received general anesthesia with bronchial intubation in conjunction with thoracic paravertebral nerve block.Subsequently,the patients were monitored to assess mean arterial pressure,heart rate variations,and adverse reactions to anesthesia.Results:The study group exhibited significantly lower mean arterial pressure and heart rate levels during the post-surgical incision,immediate end of surgery,and immediate extubation periods compared to the control group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the Ricker and Ramsay scores in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combined use of general anesthesia via bronchial intubation and thoracic paravertebral nerve block has been found to stabilize mean arterial pressure and heart rate while providing effective sedation for surgical treatment in patients with tuberculous septic thorax.

Effects of ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia on the secretion of pain-related mediators after modified radical mastectomy

Objective: To investigate the effects of ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia on the secretion of pain-related mediators after modified radical mastectomy. Methods: A total of 108 patients with breast cancer who were treated with modified radical mastectomy in this hospital between July 2015 and February 2017 were divided into the control group (n=54) and paravertebral block group (n=54) by random number table. Control group received routine general anesthesia, and paravertebral block group received ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia. The differences in serum levels of pain mediators, inflammatory factors and stress hormones were compared between the two groups of patients immediately after surgery (T0), 6h after surgery (T1), 12h after surgery (T2) and 24h after surgery (T3). Results: At T0, there was no statistically significant difference in serum levels of pain mediators, inflammatory factors and stress hormones between the two groups. At T1, T2 and T3, serum pain mediators NPY, PGE2 and 5-HT levels of paravertebral block group were lower than those of control group;serum inflammatory factors IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 levels were lower than those of control group;serum stress hormones ACTH, Cor, AngⅠ and AngⅡ levels were lower than those of control group. Conclusion: ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia can effectively reduce the release of pain mediators and relieve the systemic inflammatory stress response after modified radical mastectomy.

Paravertebral Block for Post-Operative Analgesia after Breast Cancer Surgery, Effects of Adding Morphine: Double Blind, Randomised Clinical Trial

Introduction: Thoracic paravertebral block (PVB) block is frequently used in breast cancer surgery for postoperative pain management. Adding opioids to local anaesthetics has been shown to have beneficial effects during epidural analgesia. Our hypothesis was that adding morphine to bupivacaine for PVB would improve analgesia provided by this procedure. Methods: 60 patients (25 - 75 years) undergoing elective surgery for breast cancer were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Both groups received a single injection thoracic paravertebral block;group BAM with 20 ml 0.5% bupivacaine, epinephrine and morphine while group BA received identical block except morphine was given subcutaneously. All patients had general anaesthesia. Results: Severity of pain and nausea was low in both groups. Pain scores remained below 20/100 after the first 2 hours throughout the 72 hours of the study. There was no significant difference between the groups in pain scores, consumption of additional morphine or nausea scores. Shoulder mobility was also very good in both groups. Conclusion: Thoracic paravertebral block with bupivacaine and epinephrine was associated with good postoperative analgesic effects and low incidence of nausea and vomiting. The addition of morphine to the local anaesthetic solution in paravertebral block did not have any additional analgesic effects.

Paravertebral Block in Thoracotomy—Comparison between Single-Shot and Catheter Methods

Aim: Thoracic paravertebral block is increasingly used as a method of postoperative analgesia in thoracic surgery. We aimed to compare two different methods of implementation: paravertebral thoracic block with a catheter placed in the epidural space, and a single injection of anesthetic at the end of surgery. Methods: We randomized 60 patients undergoing VATS, in 17 (group A) single-dose paravertebral block, and in another 21 (group B) catheter technique and postoperative infusion of local anesthetic were used, and in the latter, the control group (C) of 22 patients, analgesia was performed according to a standardized protocol with non-steroidal analgesics and opioids as needed. In all patients, in the early postoperative 48 hours, we measured the intensity of pain and opioid consumption. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the collected preoperative data in the three groups of patients. There were no significant differences in subjective pain sensations in the early postoperative period (up to 12 hours). However, the number of opioids used was significantly lower in groups A and B compared to the control group, and in group B (with catheter technique) after the 12th to 48th hour after surgery there was almost no need for strong analgesics. Conclusion: Continuous infusion of local anesthetic in the area of the surgical incision provides much better pain relief than a single paravertebral block in the area of the incision.

The Pattern of Contrast Dye through the Thoracic Paravertebral Catheter Does Not Predict Analgesic Efficacy after Breast Cancer Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study

Purpose: We examined whether or not the spreading pattern of contrast dye through the catheter into the thoracic paravertebral space (TPVS) was associated with acute post-operative pain relief after breast cancer surgery. Methods: Sixty patients were recruited. After surgery, patients received thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB). The catheter was inserted within the TPVS, and radiographic contrast dye was injected through the catheter. Based on the main spreading patterns of the dye, the patients were divided into a cloud-like (spreading to the posterior compartment of the TPVS) or a longitudinal spread group (spreading to the anterior compartment of the TPVS). The primary endpoint of the study was pain intensity by numeric rating scale (NRS) and additional analgesic requirements within 12 h after surgery. Results: In 22 patients, the spread of contrast dye was not noted in the PVS. Of the 38 eligible patients, 9 patients were assigned to the cloud-like spread group, 28 patients to the longitudinal spread group and 1 patient was excluded. There were no significant differences in the NRS between the two groups both at rest and on moving. No significant differences were found in the frequency of requiring additional analgesics. Conclusions: There is no marked difference in the analgesic efficacy after breast cancer surgery based on the spread of the contrast dye to the posterior or anterior compartment of the TPVS. We should not insert the needle deeply within the TPVS, as the risk of the migration of catheters into the pleural space can be quite high.

非气管插管胸腔镜肺叶切除术前TPVB及EB的术后镇痛效果及对血清炎症因子、疼痛介质水平影响

目的 探讨非气管插管胸腔镜肺叶切除术前胸椎旁神经阻滞(TPVB)及硬膜外阻滞(EB)的术后镇痛效果及对血清炎症因子、疼痛介质水平影响。方法 选取2020年10月—2022年10月胜利油田中心医院收治198例行非气管插管胸腔镜肺叶切除术的患者,采用单纯随机抽样法分为TPVB组、EB组和对照组,每组66例。对照组采用保留自主呼吸的非气管插管麻醉,TPVB组采用TPVB复合保留自主呼吸的非气管插管麻醉,EB组采用EB复合保留自主呼吸的非气管插管麻醉。比较3组围手术期指标、心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、Ramsay镇静评分、血清疼痛介质[5-羟色胺(5-HT)、P物质(SP)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)]、炎症因子[超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)],体液免疫功能[免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)],记录围手术期不良反应。结果 3组麻醉时间、手术时间、右美托咪定用量、丙泊酚用量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TPVB组、EB组芬太尼用量低于对照组(P <0.05)。3组T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)时HR、MAP水平比较,结果:(1)3组不同时间点HR、MAP水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);(2)3组HR、MAP水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);(3)3组HR、MAP水平变化趋势水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。3组术后6、12、24和48 h的VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分比较,结果:(1)3组不同时间点VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);(2)3组VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);(3)3组VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。3组术后1、3 d的5-HT、SP、NE、DA水平比较,结果:(1)3组不同时间点5-HT、SP、NE、DA水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);(2)3组5-HT、SP、NE、DA水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);(3)3组5-HT、SP、NE、DA水平变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。3组术后1、3 d的hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平比较,结果:(1)3组不同时间点hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);(2)3组hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);(3)3组hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。3组术后1、3 d的IgA、IgG、IgM水平比较,结果:(1)不同时间点IgA、IgG、IgM水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);(2)3组IgA、IgG、IgM水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);(3)3组IgA、IgG、IgM水平变化趋势比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组心律失常、肺不张、低氧血症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组低血压发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论TPVB用于非气管插管胸腔镜肺叶切除术的镇痛镇静效果与EB相当,并且两者均能减轻对患者MAP、HR等生命体征的影响,但TPVB在抑制疼痛介质和炎症因子方面优于EB,安全性高,具有推广价值。

复方倍他米松复合罗哌卡因胸椎旁阻滞用于胸腔镜术后镇痛的效果

目的探讨超声引导下复方倍他米松复合罗哌卡因胸椎旁阻滞用于胸腔镜术后镇痛的效果。方法选择行择期胸腔镜手术患者60例,男41例,女19例,年龄18~60岁,BMI 18~25 kg/m^(2),ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组:复方倍他米松复合罗哌卡因组(B组)和罗哌卡因组(R组),每组30例。两组在麻醉诱导前行超声引导下胸椎旁阻滞,B组注射药物为加入复方倍他米松05 ml的04%罗哌卡因25 ml,R组注射药物为04%罗哌卡因25 ml。两组均采用标准化的支气管插管静脉全麻方案,术后行PCA。记录阻滞起效时间、镇痛持续时间、PCA首次按压时间,术中舒芬太尼、瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚用量,术后2、4、8、12、24、48 h静息和活动时(咳嗽)VAS疼痛评分,术后48 h PCA总按压次数和舒芬太尼补救镇痛例数,术后48 h内呼吸抑制、恶心呕吐、穿刺部位感染、尿潴留等不良反应发生情况。结果与R组比较,B组阻滞起效时间明显缩短(P<005),镇痛持续时间、PCA首次按压时间明显延长(P<005)。两组术中舒芬太尼、瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚用量差异均无统计学意义。与R组比较,B组术后8、12和24 h静息和活动时VAS疼痛评分明显降低(P<005),术后48 h PCA总按压次数明显减少(P<005),舒芬太尼补救镇痛率明显降低(P<005)。两组术后48 h内呼吸抑制、恶心呕吐、穿刺部位感染、尿潴留差异均无统计学意义。结论与单纯罗哌卡因比较,复方倍他米松作为罗哌卡因佐剂超声引导下胸椎旁阻滞用于胸腔镜手术围术期镇痛,能增强阻滞及镇痛效果,减少阿片类镇痛药物使用。

右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因胸椎旁神经阻滞对冠状动脉搭桥术后心肌再灌注损伤及恢复质量的影响

目的研究右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因胸椎旁神经阻滞对冠状动脉搭桥术后心肌再灌注损伤及恢复质量的影响。方法前瞻性选取2021年3月至2023年2月邯郸市中心医院收治的97例行冠状动脉搭桥术的患者作为研究对象,采用掷硬币法将其分为观察组(n=49)和对照组(n=48)。两组患者均在全身麻醉下手术,对照组采用0.5%罗哌卡因20 mL进行胸椎旁神经阻滞,观察组采用0.75μg/kg右美托咪定+0.5%罗哌卡因20 mL进行胸椎旁神经阻滞。比较两组患者麻醉前、气管插管即刻、切皮后5 min、术毕的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率;记录两组患者的手术时间、术后机械通气时间、拔管时间、苏醒时间、ICU滞留时间及住院时间;比较两组患者手术后12、24 h的疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、Ramsay镇静评分,手术前、手术后24 h的肌钙蛋白(cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、天冬氨酸转移酶(AST)水平,以及补救镇痛及并发症发生情况。结果麻醉前及气管插管即刻,两组MAP、心率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);切皮后5 min及术毕,观察组MAP、心率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组手术时间、术后机械通气时间及苏醒时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组ICU滞留时间、拔管时间及住院时间分别为(16.58±4.03)h、(5.47±1.23)h、(11.24±2.10)d,均短于对照组[(18.33±4.52)h、(6.02±1.39)h、(12.17±2.38)d],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术后12、24 h,观察组VAS评分分别为(2.65±0.45)、(2.56±0.59)分,均低于对照组[(2.87±0.53)、(2.92±0.61)分],Ramsay镇静评分分别为(2.15±0.95)、(2.20±0.91)分,均高于对照组(1.63±0.72)、(1.60±0.68)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术后24 h,两组cTnI、CK-MB及AST水平均较手术前升高,但观察组cTnI、CK-MB及AST水平分别为(0.96±0.31)ng/mL、(4.91±1.06)ng/mL、(39.08±7.26)U/L,均低于对照组[(1.16±0.34)ng/mL、(5.61±1.17)ng/mL、(43.14±8.34)U/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后补救镇痛发生率与总并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因胸椎旁神经阻滞应用于冠状动脉搭桥术,患者术后恢复更快,镇静效果更好,可显著减轻患者术后疼痛,对患者心肌再灌注损伤更小。

胸椎旁神经阻滞联合全身麻醉在胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者中的应用效果

目的探讨胸椎旁神经阻滞联合全身麻醉在胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者中的应用效果。方法根据麻醉方法的不同将65例胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者分为全麻组(n=31,单纯全身麻醉)和联合组(n=34,胸椎旁神经阻滞联合全身麻醉)。比较两组患者的疼痛情况[视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、术后24 h镇痛泵按压次数]、瑞芬太尼用量、苏醒进程指标、应激反应指标[去甲肾上腺素(NE)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)]及术后并发症发生情况。结果术后2、6、12、24 h,联合组患者VAS评分均明显低于全麻组(P﹤0.01);联合组患者术后24 h镇痛泵按压次数明显少于全麻组(P﹤0.01)。联合组患者瑞芬太尼用量明显少于全麻组,苏醒时间和自主呼吸恢复时间均明显短于全麻组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。术后,两组患者NE、MDA水平均高于本组术前,SOD水平均低于本组术前,联合组患者NE、MDA水平均低于全麻组,SOD水平高于全麻组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。联合组患者术后并发症总发生率低于全麻组(P﹤0.05)。结论胸椎旁神经阻滞联合全身麻醉应用于胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者,不仅能够减轻疼痛程度和应激反应程度,还能够减少阿片类药物用量,降低并发症发生率。

超声引导菱形肌-肋间肌阻滞和TPVB在电视胸腔镜手术术后早期疼痛控制中的应用比较

目的 比较超声引导下菱形肌-肋间肌阻滞和胸椎旁神经阻滞(TPVB)对电视胸腔镜手术患者术后早期疼痛的控制效果。方法 前瞻性选取2022年1月至2023年7月秦皇岛市第一医院收治的120例行电视胸腔镜手术治疗的患者作为研究对象,按照信封法分为观察组(n=61)和对照组(n=59)。观察组采用静脉全身麻醉+超声引导菱形肌-肋间肌阻滞麻醉,对照组采用静脉全身麻醉+超声引导TPVB麻醉。比较两组患者手术指标、神经阻滞情况、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、Ramsay镇静评分,统计两组患者并发症发生情况。结果 两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、引流时间、住院时间及首次进食时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组注药时间、阻滞持续时间及补救镇痛次数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组超声定位时间、穿刺时间、操作总时间分别为(1.12±0.10)、(2.37±0.56)、(5.47±0.38)min,均短于对照组[(1.65±0.14)、(3.61±0.64)、(6.98±0.42) min],穿刺针深度为(4.43±0.52) mm,小于对照组[(5.37±0.58)mm],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后6、12 h VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者麻醉后恢复室(PACU)低氧血症发生率、气胸发生率、肺部感染发生率、肺不张发生率、恶心呕吐发生率及总并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 与TPVB比较,超声引导菱形肌-肋间肌阻滞应用于电视胸腔镜手术,患者术后恢复质量、镇痛效果及安全性相当,但超声引导菱形肌-肋间肌阻滞操作简单,操作时间更短。

比较前锯肌平面阻滞与胸椎旁神经阻滞在胸腔镜手术中的镇痛、镇静效果

目的比较前锯肌平面阻滞与胸椎旁神经阻滞在胸腔镜手术中的镇痛、镇静效果。方法选取我院2022年7月至2023年7月收治的110例胸腔镜手术患者,采用随机数字表法分为两组,对照组55例采用胸椎旁神经阻滞,观察组55例采用前锯肌平面阻滞,比较两组麻醉效果、视觉模拟评分(VAS)、炎症因子水平、生命质量以及躁动率。结果观察组阻滞持续时间(13.63±3.16 vs.11.74±2.54)h长于对照组,阻滞操作时间(5.36±2.31 vs.10.19±2.55)min短于对照组,术后48 h镇痛泵按压次数(3.86±1.87 vs.5.91±1.54)次、术后舒芬太尼使用量(102.36±16.65 vs.128.77±20.33)μg少于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后6 h的VAS评分(3.68±1.11 vs.4.59±1.29)分、术后12 h的VAS评分(2.33±1.12 vs.3.57±1.43)分、术后24 h的VAS评分(1.84±0.52 vs.2.71±0.44)分、术后48 h的VAS评分(0.76±0.31 vs.1.49±0.55)分、术后2 h的IL-10(74.28±5.36 vs.98.57±6.44)ng/L、48 h的IL-10(45.13±4.29 vs.53.36±5.08)ng/L、术后2 h的IL-6(65.33±4.78 vs.76.49±5.78)ng/L、48 h的IL-6水平(47.79±3.36 vs.54.36±4.78)ng/L均低于对照组(P<0.05),术后24 h的SF-36评分(69.95±5.13 vs.65.33±4.27)分、术后48 h的SF-36评分(83.36±4.36 vs.74.29±3.69)分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。同时,观察组患者术后6 h、术后24 h、术后48 h的躁动率分别为(5.45%、3.64%、1.82%vs.18.18%、14.54%、12.73%),均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论相比于胸椎旁神经阻滞,前锯肌平面阻滞在胸腔镜手术患者中效果更显著,具有良好的镇痛、镇静效果。

超声引导胸椎旁神经阻滞复合PCIA在开腹肝脏部分切除手术后镇痛中的应用:一项随机对照试验

目的比较超声引导胸椎旁神经阻滞(thoracic paravertebral block,TPVB)复合患者自控静脉镇痛(patient-controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA)与单纯患者自控静脉镇痛用于开腹肝脏部分切除手术术后镇痛的效果。方法选择重庆医科大学附属第一医院2020年9月至2022年9月择期行开腹肝脏部分切除手术患者120例,采用电脑随机数字法将奇数号分入超声引导胸椎旁神经阻滞复合PCIA组(A组),偶数号分入单纯患者自控静脉镇痛组(B组),每组60例,最终纳入符合标准的患者112例并完成统计分析。A组患者麻醉诱导前于左侧卧位行超声引导下T8~T9节段胸椎旁神经阻滞,注射0.33%罗哌卡因30 mL,B组患者不行超声引导胸椎旁神经阻滞,2组患者术后均连接PCIA镇痛泵。主要观察指标为2组患者术后4、8、12、24、48 h痛觉减退平面以及静息和活动时VAS疼痛评分;次要观察指标为术中平均心率和平均动脉压力、术后首次补救镇痛需求时间、术后48 h补救镇痛人数、术后首次下地活动时间、术后肛门排气时间、术后总住院天数以及术后不良反应发生率。结果与B组患者比较,A组患者术后4、8、12、24 h静息及咳嗽VAS评分降低(P<0.001),术中平均心率、平均动脉血压明显降低(P<0.01);48 h内曲马多累计消耗量减少(P=0.018),术后首次补救镇痛需求时间延长(P<0.001);术后PCIA平均有效按压次数、补救镇痛人数均明显减少(P<0.001);首次下地活动时间和肛门排气时间显著提前(P<0.001)。患者术后48 h VAS评分、术后总住院天数及术后不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。结论超声引导胸椎旁神经阻滞复合PCIA在开腹肝部分切除术后镇痛效果优于单纯PCIA,术中循环更稳定,促进术后快速康复。

颊针联合椎旁神经阻滞治疗胸背部带状疱疹后神经痛的疗效观察

目的:观察颊针联合椎旁神经阻滞治疗胸背部带状疱疹后神经痛(PHN)的临床疗效。方法:选取2021年1月至2021年12月无锡市中医医院收治的PHN患者100例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组采用基础药物配合椎旁神经阻滞治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合颊针治疗。观察并记录2组患者治疗前及治疗1、2、3、4周后视觉模拟评分(VAS),治疗前后的健康调查简表(SF-36)评分、血清中神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平、辅助T细胞1/2(Th1/Th2)水平、不良反应发生情况及总有效率。结果:治疗后2组患者VAS均低于治疗前,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。2组患者的SF-36除生理功能外均较治疗前升高,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。2组患者NSE水平明显低于治疗前,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。2组患者γ干扰素(IFN-γ)水平明显高于治疗前,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05),2组患者白细胞介素4(IL-4)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)水平明显低于治疗前,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。2组均未发生明显不良反应(P>0.05),观察组总有效率优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:颊针联合椎旁神经阻滞治疗胸背部PHN效果显著,能有效缓解疼痛,提升患者治疗期间的生命质量,降低神经细胞损伤,提高免疫力。

超声引导下连续胸椎旁阻滞在多发肋骨骨折患者术后的临床应用研究

目的探讨超声引导下椎旁置管行连续胸椎旁神经阻滞(CTPB)和静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)对多发肋骨骨折患者术后镇痛效果及肺功能的影响。方法选取2020年1月—2022年1月于宜昌市中心人民医院收治的46例行择期切开复位内固定术的创伤性多发肋骨骨折患者,采用随机数字表法分为CTPB组和PCIA组,每组23例。PCIA组采用舒芬太尼联合氟比洛芬酯静脉镇痛,CTPB组术后于患侧选定适宜的3个椎旁间隙在超声引导下置管,应用罗哌卡因行连续胸椎旁肋间神经阻滞,阻滞镇痛至术后72 h。分别于术前(T0)、术后3 h(T1)、1 d(T2)、2 d(T3)、3 d(T4)记录胸壁疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)并采集动脉血,检测二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、氧和指数(PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)),并检测T0及T4时第一秒用力呼气量(FEV_(1))和FEV_(1)占用力肺活量百分比(FEV_(1)%)。结果与T0比较,两组术后T1、T2、T3、T4时的静息、咳嗽VAS降低(均P<0.05),动脉血PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)升高(均P<0.05)。CTPB组术后T4的FEV_(1)、FEV_(1)%较PCIA组升高(均P<0.05)。结论多发肋骨骨折术后行CTPB阻滞较PCIA镇痛效果更好并且可以改善术后氧和功能及肺通气。

B超引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞在老年胸腔镜手术中的应用

目的:观察B超引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞复合全身麻醉应用于老年胸腔镜手术中的效果。方法:选择2021年3月至2023年3月收治的92例行胸腔镜手术的老年患者,依据随机数字表法分为两组,每组46例,对照组采用全身麻醉,研究组采用B超引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞复合全身麻醉。比较两组镇痛效果、苏醒质量、应激反应指标、术后不良反应发生率。结果:术后6 h、12 h、24 h,研究组静息时、咳嗽时疼痛视觉模拟评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间、首次下床活动时间短于对照组(P<0.05),镇静-躁动评分低于对照组。术后2 h,两组肾上腺皮质激素、去甲肾上腺素、8-异前列腺素F2α、血管紧张素Ⅱ均高于术前(P<0.05),且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组术后不良反应总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:B超引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞复合全身麻醉对老年胸腔镜手术患者的镇痛效果确切,可改善苏醒质量,减轻应激反应,减少术后不良反应。

胸椎旁神经阻滞在患儿围术期镇痛中的应用进展

胸椎旁神经阻滞(TPVB)是一种将局麻药注入胸椎旁间隙,从而节段性地阻滞单侧躯体感觉神经、运动神经及交感神经的区域阻滞技术。近年来,TPVB技术用于患儿胸部及上腹部手术麻醉与镇痛的研究不断增加,表现出良好的围术期镇痛效果。本文从TPVB用药方案、扩散途径、操作方法、临床应用及并发症等方面对TPVB技术用于患儿围术期镇痛的应用现状及研究进展进行综述。

不同剂量右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因对胸腔镜肺部手术患者麻醉效果、围手术期应激和睡眠质量的影响

目的探讨不同剂量的右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因进行胸椎旁神经阻滞对胸腔镜肺部手术患者的镇痛效果、术后应激反应、炎性反应及睡眠质量的影响。方法选取2022年3月—2023年1月在我院行胸腔镜肺部手术的患者98例,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级。依据治疗方法将其分为研究组(43例)和对照组(55例)。两组患者均予以全麻诱导后行胸椎旁神经阻滞,研究组使用低剂量右美托咪定(0.5μg·kg-1)联合0.375%罗哌卡因,对照组使用高剂量右美托咪定(1.0μg·kg-1)联合0.375%罗哌卡因。采用视觉模拟量表(VAS)评估术后疼痛程度;采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法测定术前及术后不同时间点白细胞介素6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)浓度;采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评估患者睡眠质量;并记录不良反应发生情况。结果术后1 h,研究组和对照组VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6~48 h,两组患者VAS评分均高于术后1 h(均P<0.05),且研究组患者术后12 h、24 h、48 h的VAS评分均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。两组患者术后血清IL-6、CRP浓度均高于术前(均P<0.05),且在术前和术后,两组间比较均差异无统计学意义(均P<0.05)。两组患者PSQI评分术后均较术前升高(P<0.05),但组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组术后总并发症发生率较对照组低[2.3%(1/43),16.4%(9/55),P<0.05]。结论高剂量右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因能够更好地控制术后疼痛,但低剂量右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因对手术应激、炎性反应的影响较小,且术后并发症发生率低。