A Survey on the Current Situation of Prehospital First Aid about Knowledge, Belief and Behavior among University Students in Jingzhou

Objective: To understand the current situation of prehospital first aid knowledge, attitude and behavior of university students in Jingzhou City. Methods: A prehospital first aid knowledge questionnaire and the convenience sampling method were used to survey 307 university students in Jingzhou City. Results: The mean score of prehospital first aid knowledge of university students in Jingzhou City was 12.85 ± 2.643, the mean score of attitude was 50.73 ± 4.114, and the mean score of behavior was 39.05 ± 8.898;There was a statistically significant difference in the scores of prehospital first aid knowledge, attitude, and behavior of university students depending on whether or not they had received prehospital first aid training (P P Conclusion: Jingzhou University students have a positive attitude toward pre-hospital first aid, but the knowledge level and behavior are low, which suggests that the government, society and the school should create good conditions to promote the improvement of pre-hospital first aid knowledge and ability.

AIDS-Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Behavior Survey among the “Migrant” Population in China

Objective To realize AIDS related knowledge, attitude and behavior among floating people in China and discuss its influencial factors, and to provide the evidence for how to prevent AIDS in floating population. Methods The data were collected from the ＂Sex and Reproductive Health Baseline Survey among Floating People in China＂ conducted in March 2004. The standard questionnaires were used to interview altogether 4 900 floating people from 6 provinces. Results Nearly 95.4 % of them had heard about AIDS, but only 0.5% can judge all the transmitted ways and no-transmitted ways correctly, 45.9 % believed that we need to isolate the HIV positive people. Only 65.7% knew that using condom can preventive HIV infection, 43. 7% showed their understanding about the man who has long time no sexual life has sex with a sexual worker. About 13.6% floating people chose condom as FP method and among them only 34. 6% used condom every time. Conclusion Chinese floating people are lack of AIDS knowledge. Most of them do not practise Safe Sex Activity. We need to give more intervention to the floating population.

The Effect of Contact-Based Interventions on the Attitudes and Behaviors of Nursing Students towards People with Mental Illness: A Literature Review

Background: Student nurses and other healthcare students are the future mental health professionals and have the potential for changing the future of mental healthcare. Therefore, their negative attitudes and behaviors should be screened and corrected by effective anti-stigma interventions. Otherwise, they would likely withhold some health services and practice coercive treatments once planning care to people with mental illness. However, little is known on effective approaches to correct these negative attitudes and behaviors, despite the previous reviews that have shown that contact-based interventions have demonstrated positive attitudinal and behavioral changes for nursing students towards people with mental illness. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to compile the available research evidence on contact-based interventions that have targeted the attitudes and behaviors of nursing students towards people with mental illness. Methods: The relevant literature was extracted by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) and by hand checking reference lists of past similar reviews. Results: Eleven studies were retrieved and included in this review. The included studies in this review either have employed social contact interventions, video-based social contact interventions, or both types for the aim of combining or comparing. Furthermore, the included studies either have targeted the attitudes of nursing students towards people with mental illness (including prejudice), or a combination of attitudinal and behavioral outcomes (including behavioral intentions and social distance). No studies have targeted behavioral outcomes solely. Conclusions: From the available literature, the current authors cannot draw conclusions on the most effective type, form, or ingredients of contact-based interventions among nursing students, as previous literature has large variations. No consistency was found in the previous studies regarding the types or contents of effective contact-based interventions. The compiled evidence in this review, has suggested that contact-based interventions (both social contact and video-based social contact) have been effective in changing the attitudes and behaviors of nursing students favorably, similarly to what previous reviews have found.

A Comparison of the Sexual Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Korean College Students Studying in Korea and in the United States

The number of Korean students enrolling in universities overseas is rapidly growing. However, these populations are underrepresented in sexuality related research, despite the possibility of sexually risky behavior in overseas university students. We examined the sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of university students in Korea and studying in the United States. Data were collected—131 Korean students in Korea and in the US using a web-based self-report questionnaire system. Students in the US showed greater total sexual knowledge than students studied in Korea. There were differences in the sexual knowledge, attitude and behaviors according to general characteristics between both groups. Although students in the USA had a higher level of sexual knowledge, both students in the USA and in Korea had a low level of sexual knowledge overall.

Food Sanitation Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior for the University Restaurants Employees

The purpose of this study was to discuss the food sanitation knowledge, attitude, and behavior for the employees of university restaurants, and furthermore, to explain the interrelations of these various were occurring at school. A questionnaire survey procedure was used. Each two constructs of food sanitation attitude and behavior were analyzed by factor analysis. Data was analyzed by description, Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analysis. The correctness rate toward the whole sanitation knowledge of trials was 70%. The overall attitude toward food sanitation was prone to positive and the attitude of employee self-responsibility was superior to the attitude of food sanitation practice. The sanitary guiding behavior was better than the sanitary habit behavior;and there was a significant relationship indicated through Pearson correlation analysis among three various. The sanitation knowledge and sanitation attitude showed a 42.6% predictive power to behavior, the attitude was mediated between knowledge and behavior. The university restaurant employees shared a more pessimistic view toward the benefits of training and the institutions could establish a committee for monitoring food nutrition and sanitation. It provides valuable information for development employees training while seeking to raise school restaurant food safety levels.

Depressive Symptoms and Food Intake among Weight-Preoccupied Women: Do Eating Behaviors and Attitudes or BMI Mediate This Association?

Associations between depressive symptoms, dysfunctional eating behaviors and attitudes, higher food intake and body mass index (BMI) have been previously observed. However, few studies have assessed these variables in the same study. The first objective is to compare, in a natural setting environment, the profile of women reporting lower or higher levels of depressive symptoms in terms of food intake, eating behaviors and attitudes, and BMI. The second objective is to test mediational models for which the link between depressive symptoms and food intake would be mediated by eating behaviors and attitudes or BMI. Weight-preoccupied women were recruited (n = 323), and their level of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory. The median score was used to create two groups (lower ≤ 13;higher > 13). A web-based food-frequency questionnaire, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, and the Intuitive Eating Scale were completed. BMI was calculated from reported body weight and height. Compared to women with a lower level of depressive symptoms, those with a higher level of depressive symptoms reported a higher energy intake (p = 0.02), and a higher consumption of savoury foods (p = 0.02). These women also had higher scores of disinhibition (p p = 0.0002), ate less intuitively (p p = 0.005). Association between depressive symptoms and energy intake was mediated by disinhibition, susceptibility to hunger and eating for physical rather than emotional reasons, while the role of BMI was less clear. Regarding another component of food intake, association between depressive symptoms and consumption of savoury foods was mediated by disinhibition and eating for physical rather than emotional reasons. In summary, it seems essential to be aware of the presence of depressive symptoms and to pay attention to eating behaviors and attitudes in interventions among weight-preoccupied women.

Assessment of Environmental Health Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior among High School Students in a USA Southeast Texas School District

This cross-sectional descriptive study assessed general environmental health literacy among students focusing on their knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviors regarding the environmental health, stewardship, and sustainability, using a questionnaire consisting of 35 core questions from the Centers for Diseases Control (CDCs). Students (N = 185) from three high schools in the district were asked through their class teachers to voluntarily complete the questionnaire. Results indicated that about 41% (n = 77) of the students lacked knowledge regarding potential sources of radiation exposure and 70% (n = 133) lacked knowledge regarding radon gas being the number one risk factor for lung cancer among non-smokers. Additionally, the ANOVA test indicated significant knowledge differences among school location. Students in school #1, located in the most affluent area, had significantly higher knowledge scores (M = 4.39) than school #2 located in a moderately affluent area (M = 3.50). Furthermore, we found significant differences in ethnicity on the environmental health attitude of the high school students. Black students reported lower positive environmental health attitude (M = 29.86) than White students (M = 32.63), Hispanic students (M = 32.33) and Asian students (M = 33.84). These findings demonstrated knowledge deficiency in some key areas in environmental health particularly the environmental diseases and conditions caused by manmade hazards such as pesticides, chemicals, radiation, air, water, and soil pollution. Targeted educational interventions to increase awareness and understanding of health effects, exposure to environmental hazards and carcinogens as well as risks associated to direct exposure as in this study, radon and radiation, should be provided to high school students. Practical education through tours where students can observe directly and participating in laboratory experiments could empower the students to translate this knowledge into positive environmental health behaviors and practices now and in the future.

Sanitation in Urban Slums： Perception, Attitude and Behavior： The Case of Kibera, Nairobi-Kenya

Over 60 percent of Kenya＇s urban dwellers live in slum settlements. Here, people live under life-threatening conditions characterized with poverty, inadequate food and shelter, physical overcrowding, unsafe drinking water and poor sanitation. The flimsiness of these dwellers is not always due to low incomes. It is often the result of insecurity of tenure and other deprivations： the lack of entitlement inhibits their investment in better health. In Kibera Slum, Africa＇s second largest and Kenya＇s oldest and largest slum, poor sanitation and inadequate water supply is a daily challenge for the residents. Over 150 persons share one shallow pit latrine while 75 percent of the population uses sanitation practices that involve direct handling of human waste increasing in spread of infectious diseases. Insecurity of tenure; low levels of education; inadequate socio-economic, infrastructural and physical entitlements all affect the Kibera＇s residents＇ perception and attitude towards investing in better sanitation behavior.

Exploring Cross Generational COVID-19 Attitudes and Behaviors

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented extraordinary challenges that have tested the resolve of the world and transformed our daily lives. We sought to capture COVID-related attitudes and behaviors of older adults and relate these to views of adolescents from a national study in the USA. Methods: This mixed-methods online survey accepted responses from adult volunteers, age 55+, from April to July 2020 (N = 223). We used a snowball approach to recruitment initiated in the state of Maine (USA). Results: Older respondents tended to report congruent attitudes concerning COVID-19 risks and associated preventative behaviors. Most reported taking Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidance seriously. In contrast, adolescents surveyed in a prior study reported similar adherence, but less concern. Thematic review of open-ended responses highlights key intergenerational similarities and differences. Discussion: COVID-19 has changed day-to-day life in myriad ways. Attitudes vary within and between age groups. Further research could focus on intergenerational differences in motivations underlying behaviors as well as differing needs for public health education and support.

Attitudes Toward Dysfunctional Audit Behavior： The Effect of Budget Emphasis, Leadership Behavior, and Effectiveness of Audit Review

Dysfunctional audit behavior （DAB） is an accepted problem, associated with decreased audit quality. This study develops and tests a theoretical model that identifies factors contributing to DAB. Budget emphasis, leadership behavior structure and consideration, and effectiveness of audit review were examined as antecedents of attitudes toward DAB. The findings produced consistent evidence in support of the theoretical model. It is not an emphasis on meeting budgets that leads to undesirable behavior, but contextual variables, such as leadership behavior structure and effectiveness of audit review.

Effects of Negative Online Reviews on Consumers＇ Attitudes and Behavioral Intentionstoward Online Products

Online shopping has become an important new channel because of its rapid development and broad application of the Internettechnology. As consumer information search and release gradually shift from offline to online, online reviews of products havebecome more valuable. Research shows that most online shoppers view online reviews from product users before purchasing. Asone of the most important forms of spreading awareness, online product reviews has an increasing impact on customer purchasedecisions and has gradually become an urgent issue in network marketing research. This phenomenon impels businesses to realizethat online reviews significantly affect trading volume. Businesses have attempted to manipulate online reviews by providing asignificant number of positive comments that could lead to consumer confidence and purchase of products. Internet users inChina are more interested in reading negative comments compared with the rest of the global Internet users. Thus, the effects ofstructural characteristics of potential customers, negative attitudes, and behavioral intentions have not yet aroused global concernbecause this phenomenon has been limited to the local scale.Based on literature, the main objective of negative online reviews is the positioning of fashion products. The perception ofnegative online reviews, purchase attitudes, and behaviors are the factors considered in the present study. Negative online reviewsof clothing and accessories sold online and their influence on consumer purchase intention and attitudes are analyzed. The studyaims to confirm that negative online reviews have an effect on consumer purchase intention, attitudes, and behaviors. Moreover,buying attitudes influence behavior intention.

The Influence of Tourists＇ Attitude and Self-efficacy Belief in Adopting Responsible Behavior in Bangladesh

This research examined tourists＇ intention to adopt responsible behavior （RB）. Toward this, two constructs of determinants （attitude and self-efficacy belief） of intention to adopt RB were identified through literature surveys. Also, three constructs of RB alternatives, namely, economically RB （ECNRB）, environmentally RB （ENVRB）, and socio-culturally RB （SCLRB）, were identified through a focus group discussion. A self-administrated questionnaire was surveyed among 351 professionals in Bangladesh. Confirmatory factor analysis of both the independent and dependent variables was done prior to employing them in the structured equation model to validate the model and test the hypotheses. The research found that in Bangladesh, the self-efficacy belief influences tourists＇ intention to choose RB more than the attitude does, but their influences on tourists＇ intention to adopt ECNRB, ENVRB, or SCLRB are varied. Moreover, tourists were found to have less intention to adopt ECNRB than ENVRB and SCLRB. For the policy makers or promoters of responsible tourism （RT）, those who want to promote any kind of RB in Bangladesh need to increase self-efficacy belief among tourists. The policy makers need to develop themes around tourists＇ positive experience, emotional and physiological states along with verbal persuasion in their communication messages （Bandura, 1997） and in any kind of interpretations at the destination whilst targeting a particular market segment.

Defining the awareness and attitude of the clinicians through pharmacovigilance in Turkey

BACKGROUND Pharmacovigilance(PV)is the activities and scientific studies conducted to detect,evaluate,understand or prevent adverse reactions and other drug-related problems.AIM To define the awareness and experiences of the clinicians on PV and adverse drug reactions(ADRs)in Turkey.METHODS The study was cross-sectional and analytical.Data were obtained through a questionnaire.The questionnaire was sent via e-mail.The survey was sent to 2030 physicians and 670 participated.RESULTS The most appropriate definition of PV was correctly defined by 53.9%of the participants.The most important goal of PV was correctly defined by 54.9%of the participants,and 27.3%of the participants were aware of the Turkish Pharmacovigilance Center.Nonsurgical physicians had better PV knowledge than surgical physicians.A total of 80.9%of the physicians who encountered ADRs,filled in the ADR notification form,and 8.8%received training on how to fill in the form.PV knowledge of the clinicians was not sufficient.Although half of the physicians encountered ADRs,the rates of seeing and filling in the ADR form were low.CONCLUSION Few of the physicians followed the current information about PV.The results provide more comprehensive data on PV practices and ADR reporting at a national level.

How Environmental Attitudes Affect Consumers’Willingness to Engage in Green Consumption Behaviors:The Moderating Role of“Plastic Restriction”

Consumers’willingness to engage in green consumption behavior will be guided by internal psychological factors and also influenced by external environmental factors.One of the most common external interventions is the issuance of scientific policies and regulations.The government may introduce policies and regulations that help to increase the willingness of green consumption behavior,such as energy-saving and emission reduction policies and policies to restrict plastic products.In this paper,the authors study the mechanism of the effect of environmental attitudes on consumers’willingness to engage in green consumption behavior from the perspective of“plastic restriction”,and conclude that the magnitude of the effect of policies and regulations on the willingness to engage in green consumption behavior varies significantly at different levels of environmental attitudes.This study provides scientific implementation ideas and targeted management suggestions for the government to formulate effective external intervention policies for green consumption.

医护人员的临终关怀态度和安宁疗护行为调查

目的 了解临床医护人员临终关怀态度与安宁疗护行为现况,探讨安宁疗护行为的影响因素。方法 采用临终关怀态度调查量表和安宁疗护行为测量量表对425名临床医护人员进行调查。结果 临床医护人员安宁疗护行为得分为(48.00±10.14)分,显著低于安宁疗护机构医护人员(P<0.05);临终关怀态度得分为(103.72±10.70)分。临终关怀态度与安宁疗护行为呈正相关(P<0.05)。分层回归分析结果显示,男性、已婚以及接受过临终关怀教育的医护人员安宁疗护行为水平较高;临终关怀态度中以患者及其家属为中心的照顾意识维度能独立解释安宁疗护行为总变异的11.6%。结论 临床医护人员临终关怀态度总体偏正向,安宁疗护行为有待进一步提升,临终关怀态度对安宁疗护行为具有重要的促进作用。医院应通过开展专业培训,提升医护人员安宁疗护行为能力。

常州市青少年电子烟使用倾向及影响因素分析

目的分析常州市青少年环境烟草暴露、电子烟使用倾向及其可能的影响因素,为开展青少年电子烟早期干预提供依据。方法采用分层多阶段整群概率抽样法,2019年、2021年分别抽取常州市主城区初中、普高、职高的学生进行问卷调查。结果2019年、2021年电子烟使用倾向比例分别为11.7%、11.6%,二手烟暴露比例分别为72.8%、67.2%,电子烟广告暴露比例分别为25.7%、34.0%。调整年份、性别、年龄等因素后,多因素logistic分析显示,尝试过电子烟(OR=23.285,95%CI:12.658~42.833)、朋友吸烟(OR=2.516,95%CI:1.706~3.710)、二手烟暴露(OR=1.885,95%CI:1.215~2.924)、认为吸烟更有吸引力(OR=2.101,95%CI:1.040~4.247)、对社交场合吸烟无感(OR=2.309,95%CI:1.381~3.843)的青少年电子烟使用倾向较高;认为吸烟会减少吸引力的青少年使用电子烟的风险较低(OR=0.448,95%CI:0.301~0.668)。结论青少年电子烟使用倾向比例较高,需强化电子烟广告监管,通过同伴教育、广泛的社会宣传等方式纠正其吸烟行为。

“健康中国”背景下河南省大学生体育行为、体育态度与健康需求调查研究

采用问卷调查、专家访谈、文献资料、数理统计等研究方法,调查河南省大学生的体育行为、体育态度和健康需求,分析各重要指标间的关系,结果发现:①学生体育参与率较疫情时期有所上升,但还是不如疫情之前;②部分学生虽然参加体育锻炼,但运动频率不够,达不到增强体质的要求;③绝大部分学生认为体育锻炼能增进健康,但部分没有付诸于实际行动;④学生普遍希望能从微信平台获取健康知识和信息。

北京市男男性行为人群流感知信行现状分析

目的 通过研究北京市男男性行为人群流行性感冒知信行的现状及影响因素,为男男性行为人群流行性感冒防控和健康教育提供参考依据。方法 依托北京市艾滋病自愿咨询检测门诊和定点治疗机构,利用问卷星对男男性行为人群进行问卷调查,采用χ2检验和多因素二分类logistic回归模型分析调查对象关于流行性感冒的相关知识、态度和行为及影响因素。结果 收回有效问卷977份,调查对象流行性感冒相关知识正确率为86.28%,高中或中专(OR=2.279,95%CI:1.146~4.499)、大专或本科(OR=2.679,95%CI:1.462~4.916)、硕士及以上文化程度者(OR=6.400,95%CI:2.244~18.281)的流感知识水平高于初中及以下,HIV感染者流感知识水平低于HIV未感染者(OR=0.645,95%CI:0.442~0.967);流行性感冒正向态度持有率为61.31%,18~<30岁(OR=0.278,95%CI:0.128~0.608)、30~<40岁(OR=0.265,95%CI:0.134~0.578)、40~<50岁(OR=0.266,95%CI:0.115~0.609)年龄者的流感正向态度持有水平低于≥50岁者,高中或中专(OR=2.473,95%CI:1.293~4.708)、大专或本科(OR=2.556,95%CI:1.464~4.476)、硕士及以上文化程度者(OR=2.731,95%CI:1.435~5.173)的流感正向态度持有水平高于初中及以下,近3年接种过其他疫苗史者流感正向态度持有水平高于近3年未接种其他疫苗史者(OR=1.973,95%CI:1.304~2.990),流感相关知识合格者流感正向态度持有水平高于知识不合格者(OR=3.580,95%CI:2.376~5.372);流行性感冒正向行为形成率为66.84%,未发现行为相关的影响因素。结论 北京市男男性行为人群具有较高的流行性感冒相关知识水平,但正向态度持有和正向行为形成水平不高。应将50岁以下、文化程度较低、HIV感染者、近3年无疫苗接种史的男男性行为人群作为流行性感冒健康教育的重点对象。