Parental Educational Expectations,Academic Pressure,and Adolescent Mental Health:An Empirical Study Based on CEPS Survey Data

Background:This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental educational expectations and adolescent mental health problems,with academic pressure as a moderating variable.Methods:This study was based on the baseline data of the China Education Panel Survey,which was collected within one school year during 2013–2014.It included 19,958 samples from seventh and ninth graders,who ranged from 11 to 18 years old.After removing missing values and conducting relevant data processing,the effective sample size for analysis was 16344.The OLS(Ordinary Least Squares)multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between parental educational expectations,academic pressure,and adolescents’mental health problems.In addition,we established an interaction term between parents’educational expectations and academic pressure to investigate the moderating effect of academic stress.Results:The study found that adolescents whose parents had high educational expectations reported less mental health problems.(β=−0.195;p<0.001).Additionally,adolescents who had high academic pressure reported more mental health problems.(β=0.649;p<0.001).Furthermore,the study found that academic pressure had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between parental educational expectations and adolescents’mental health problems(β=0.082;p<0.001).Conclusion:Parental educational expectations had a close relationship with adolescents’mental health problems,and academic pressure moderated this relationship.For those adolescents with high levels of academic pressure,the association between high parental educational expectations and mental health problems became stronger.On the contrary,for those adolescents with low levels of academic pressure,the association between high parental educational expectations and mental health problems became weaker.These findings shed new light on how parental educational expectations affected adolescent mental health problems and had significant implications for their healthy development.

Childbirth expectations and correlates at the final stage of pregnancy in Chinese expectant parents

Purpose:To explore the childbirth expectations of Chinese expectant parents during their transition to parenthood.Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive survey was used through the Chinese version of the Childbirth Expectations Questionnaire.A total of 240 expectant parents were recruited when they were admitted to the obstetric units waiting for delivery at a large Maternal and Child Health care Center in Beijing,and 210 couples completed the questionnaires,yielding a response rate of 87.5%.Results:The expectant parents had a high level of childbirth expectations towards caregiving environment,spousal support,control and participation and medical support.Conversely,their expectations toward labor pain and their own ability to cope with the pain were relatively low.Expectant fathers’childbirth expectations and preference of partner’s accompany were two significant predictors of expectant mothers’childbirth expectations,explaining 18.9%and 3.3%of the total variance,respectively.While expectant mothers’childbirth expectations was the only significant predictor of expectant fathers’childbirth expectations.Conclusion:This study adds to understanding of the childbirth expectations of Chinese expectant parents.It is suggested that maternity healthcare providers pay close attention to the childbirth expectations of expectant parents,and improve the nursing care service to promote positive childbirth experiences and satisfaction of expectant parents.

Are there differences between the expectations of parents, nurses and physicians when using music in NICU?

This paper aimed to describe and explain the expectations concerning the use of music in NICU from the viewpoints of parents, nurses and physicians. The relevant questionnaires were distributed to 836 participants who were recruited from the country’s five university hospitals (n = 508, response rate 61). Slightly over half of the participants preferred recorded music versus live music in the NICU. They strongly expected that their preferred music could be beneficial both for the infants, parents and staff. The parents agreed most that live music is the most suitable choice for infants (p < 0.001), and that the music could especially benefit the infant (p < 0.001) and parents (p < 0.001) compared with the nurses’ and physicians’ preferences. Some background details such as age, average length of time listening to music, musical training and experiences of using music provided significant explanations for the participants’ expectations. In conclusion, there were significant differences between the groups of the respondents concerning the type of the preferred music and its expected effects. This highlights the importance of discussion with the caregivers when taking music into regular use in the neonatal intensive care units.

Mother’s need of support and their expectations of the BVC nurse at the first home visit—an interview study

One of the main priorities of the child healthcare services in Sweden is a home visit by the Child Health Care (BVC) nurse to newborn babies and their parents. It is essential that the BVC nurses have a comprehensive knowledge of the parent’s need of support and their expectations as new parents in order to be able to fulfill their needs. The aim of this study was to describe what type of support the mothers of infant children are in need of and what their expectations are of the BVC nurse when it is time for the home visit from the nurse. In this qualitative study twelve women were interviewed within one to two weeks after delivering a baby. The transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The study shows that mothers who have previously given birth to children feel more secure in their parental role compared to what they experienced as first time mothers. The findings include that first time mother’s experienced uncertainty in their new role as a mother and caring for a baby. Parents seek support from the BVC nurse and they expect her behavior and attitude towards them to be friendly and professional. The fact that she is privy to personal knowledge of the family gives the parents a feeling of security when they contact the child healthcare center for various reasons. The mother’s need for support to develop as a parent and to feel secure in the parental role was a reoccurring theme in the interviews and became the theme of the study.

Parents of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) as Co-therapists: The Therapists’ View

Studies on the evaluation by therapists of parental behavior towards their children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder(ASD)and towards the therapists of their children are scarce.They are necessary,however,for enabling parents to become co-therapists.The present study’s purpose was the evaluation by therapists of the behavior of parents towards their children,of their relationship to therapists,and therapy outcome.The sample consisted of 178 parents of 89 children(72 boys)with ASD,who underwent intensive early intervention at a day centre for developmental disabilities.The professional team completed a questionnaire,separately for the mother and father,evaluating the parental attitude towards their children and towards the therapists.The behavior of parents was less satisfactory than expected.The fathers had difficulties in understanding their child’s problems,and had unrealistic expectations;mothers’behavior towards their children and therapists was better than the fathers’.Mothers had difficulty mostly in the management of the child’s behavior,and did not do well with feeding.It might be difficult for every parent to become co-therapist.Understanding the child’s difficulties by the mother,adequate handling of feeding and homework,were statistically significant in the good outcome of therapy.

Level of Implementation of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in Children Aged between 3 to 59 Months in Koza, Far North Region of Cameroon

Background: Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) is a strategy put in place by World Health Organisation (WHO) to fight against malaria in zones of high seasonal malaria transmission since the year 2012. This strategy has been implemented in the Far North and North regions of Cameroon since the year 2016. Despite the implementation of this program the number of cases and deaths from seasonal malaria among the under 5 seems to be rising in Koza health area. Objective: To determine the level of implementation of the SMC Program and its impact on the mortality of children aged 03 to 59 months during the season of high transmission. Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional and 7-years retrospective study. Data was surveyed for 3 months in 3 health areas of Koza health area. Data were collected and typed in Kobo collect, cleaned in MS Excel and analyzed in SPSS version 25 to come out with descriptive statistics. Results: Among the 172 households, female children were mostly represented 99 (57%) The age group mostly represented was 2 years. The population knowledge on SMC’s overall score was above average. The overall coverage rate (4 cycles) was 84% from interviewed parents and 67.5% from SMC cards. More than 23% of children experienced at least one side effect with the most common being vomiting (72%). The population’s overall impression of the program was good at 85%. The trends SMC coverage showed a sinusoidal fluctuation from 2015 to 2021, 2016 to 2019 and 2020 to 2021. Conclusion: The coverage rate of SMC was high thus the program is well implemented.

重新审视“好”父母:密集型育儿及其对儿童青少年发展的影响

经过近一个世纪的发展,“密集型育儿”已成为当代社会主流的育儿范式和理想标准,但它并非“完美无缺”。本文以密集型育儿的态度与行为作为框架,对密集型育儿给儿童青少年发展带来的复杂影响进行了研究综述。已有实证证据表明,当密集型育儿达到一定水平时,父母更多的投入和参与不仅不会带来更多增益,还可能在多个方面产生消极影响,且这些影响也会受到阶层、性别和文化的调节。密集型育儿给儿童和父母自身都带来了一定风险,未来研究可以从中国本土化的视角对密集型育儿的影响机制进行更为系统深入的研究。

信息化管理在颜面部激光美容治疗中的应用及对患者认知偏差与期望水平的影响

目的:分析信息化管理在颜面部激光美容治疗中的应用效果,并探究其对颜面部激光美容治疗患者的认知偏差与期望水平的影响。方法:回顾性分析2021年6月-2022年6月于笔者医院接受颜面部激光美容治疗的患者220例,依据管理方法不同进行分组,其中对照组(n=104)为2021年6月-2021年12月收治的采取常规管理的患者,观察组(n=116)为2022年1月-2022年6月收治的采取信息化管理的患者,比较两组患者的自我效能、应对方式、负性情绪、满意度及期望偏差,统计两组患者的不良反应发生率。结果:管理后,两组自我效能感量表(General self-efficacy scale,GSES)评分均升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);两组简易应对方式问卷(Simplified coping style questionnaire,SCSQ)积极应对评分均升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);SCSQ消极应对评分均降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。管理后,两组(Body image rating scale,BIRS)以及凯斯勒心理困扰量表(The kessler psychological distress scale,K10)评分均降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。管理后,观察组总满意率(88.79%)高于对照组(77.88%)(P<0.05)。管理后,观察组和对照组患者对手术期望过高、认为手术设计方案存在偏差占比分别为5.17%、6.03%和18.27%、3.85%,两组患者期望偏差率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率(9.48%)低于对照组(19.23%)(P<0.05)。结论:信息化管理有利于减小颜面部激光美容治疗患者的认知偏差、恢复患者的正常期望水平,同时有效改善患者的负性情绪以及自我效能感,也提高了患者的满意度。

父母受教育程度对青年生育意愿的影响——基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据的分析

青年生育意愿减弱是造成当前“超低生育率”问题的重要原因,而青年生育意愿的形成深受父母个人特征的影响。基于此,运用2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,考察了父母受教育程度对青年生育意愿的影响机制。研究发现,父母受教育程度越高,青年的生育意愿越低;照料支持和“传宗接代”观念在父母受教育程度对青年生育意愿的影响过程中发挥了中介作用;经济帮助并非父母受教育程度对青年生育意愿产生代际影响的有效方式;相比于男性,女性的生育意愿更容易受到父母受教育程度的影响。在当前父母受教育程度不断提升的背景下,加强公共托幼服务,提供隔代照料津贴,培育积极生育观念和完善女性生育保障是提升青年生育意愿的有效政策措施。

膀胱癌患者参与医疗决策期望现状及影响因素

目的调查并分析膀胱癌患者参与医疗决策期望现状及相关影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2021年3月-2022年4月在武汉某三甲医院泌尿外科住院的240例膀胱癌患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、病人参与能力测量量表、患者参与医疗决策期望量表、维克森林医师信任量表对患者进行调查。结果膀胱癌患者参与医疗决策期望总分为(35.36±6.62)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,患者参与能力、对医师的信任水平、年龄、受教育程度是膀胱癌患者参与医疗决策期望的独立影响因素(R^(2)=0.931,△R^(2)=0.930,F=792.294,P<0.001)。结论膀胱癌患者参与医疗决策期望处于中等偏下水平,临床上医护人员应重点关注参与能力低、对医生信任水平高、高龄、受教育程度低的膀胱癌患者,对其加强知识宣教及病情沟通,提高患者参与医疗决策期望水平,改善患者治疗护理满意度。

理想与现实:我国高校教师工资水平与结构分析

文章使用宏观行政数据以及部分高校教师工资大规模微观调查数据,分析我国高校教师实际与期望的工资水平和结构,获得如下发现:我国高校教师工资水平在国内具有一定的外部竞争力,但缺乏国际竞争力;多数教师的年总工资以及各项工资构成要素均处于“被平均”状态,绝大多数教师对实发工资水平有更高的期望;高校教师基本工资占应发工资比例较低,与教师期望的基本工资占比存在一定差距;“双一流”建设高校专任教师、东部地区高校教师期望工资提高的比例相比非“双一流”建设高校专任教师、中西部地区高校教师显著更高。基于上述研究发现提出3点对策建议:一是,关注高校教师尤其是“双一流”建设高校专任教师、东部地区高校教师的期望工资水平,适度提高高校教师的工资水平,建立适应各地经济发展水平的工资增长机制;加大对高校教师队伍建设的专项投入,助力高校建立人员经费支出的长效增长机制。二是,优化高校教师工资结构,适当提高教师的基本工资占比;鼓励经济发达省份制定与当地经济发展水平相匹配的基本工资标准,以增强高校教师工资的保障性功能。三是,“双一流”建设高校一方面支持一流学科建设院系创新薪酬分配制度,为高层次人才设定具有国际竞争力的薪资水平;另一方面关注青年教师的生存发展状况,优化高校青年教师工作环境,为青年教师提供灵活多样的福利项目。

父母因素对考试焦虑的影响

考试焦虑是一种情境特定性的特质焦虑,在面临大量考试情境的儿童和青少年中较为常见,考试焦虑的形成和发展受个体因素和环境因素的影响。父母作为对儿童和青少年最有影响力的社会环境因素,在考试焦虑形成中扮演着重要角色。父母行为和教养方式、父母对子女的学业期望、家庭功能及家庭社会经济地位等因素均可能参与儿童和青少年考试焦虑的形成。未来研究应从纵向发展和病因学视角探究父母对考试焦虑的作用机制,并聚焦于父母在考试焦虑的预防和干预中的作用。

家长教育期望对幼儿入学准备水平的影响:家长参与的中介作用

为考察家长教育期望、家长参与和幼儿入学准备水平的关系及其内在作用机制,采用幼儿入学准备水平量表、家长教育期望量表和家长参与量表,对厦门市范围内的1118名大班幼儿家长实施问卷调查,发现幼儿入学准备水平、家长教育期望和家长参与得分都高于理论均值,且各维度的得分存在显著差异;家长教育期望和家长参与显著正向预测幼儿入学准备水平;家长参与在家长教育期望与幼儿入学准备水平之间发挥部分中介作用。因此,提升幼儿入学准备水平的有效措施包括:保持家长参与和家长教育期望同步,重视家长在园参与和家园沟通;幼儿园优化家长参与的形式和内容,促进家长参与的广度和深度;社区积极为家庭和幼儿园提供教育资源。

2000—2020年中国省级地区之间预期寿命差距及其社会经济影响因素研究

目的:估计2000—2020年中国省级地区预期寿命差距及趋势,分析这一差距的主要社会经济影响因素。方法:基于log-quadratic模型估计预期寿命,采用主成分分析法和回归分析法解释其影响因素。结果:2000—2020年省级地区间出生预期寿命差距明显减小,但老年人口呈扩大趋势。社会经济地位、危险因素和卫生服务因素对预期寿命差距的解释度分别为71%、60%和43%,三者共同的解释度为74%。结论和建议:当前省级地区间预期寿命差距明显,差距可以通过以上三个因素解释。但健康生活方式的中介效应没有预期显著,地区之间健康差距在一定程度上还受到文化等因素影响。建议:一是对健康生活方式等进行有效干预,二是重点关注文化和卫生服务因素等的影响。

父辈受教育程度会影响子代相对贫困吗?——基于中国家庭追踪调查的数据分析

探寻教育减贫的实现路径是后扶贫时代发挥教育扶贫作用的关键。本研究旨在从群体差异视角探究父辈受教育程度对子代相对贫困的影响及其作用机制,以期为教育减贫实践提供一定的启发与理论指导。基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,通过对1143户配对家庭的父辈受教育程度、家庭规模以及相对贫困等变量的分析,结果发现:父亲和母亲受教育程度均影响子代相对贫困且具有跨时间稳定性,父辈的受教育程度越高,子代越不容易陷入相对贫困;从纵向发展趋势上看,父亲和母亲受教育程度会直接影响相对贫困的初始水平,然后通过家庭规模的初始水平产生间接影响,再影响相对贫困变化率;母亲受教育程度会直接影响相对贫困的初始水平,通过家庭规模的初始水平产生间接影响,再间接影响相对贫困变化率;父辈受教育程度越高,越能够有效控制家庭规模大小,从而减少其子女家庭落入相对贫困境地的可能性。总之,教育减贫作用存在显著的代际效应,应进一步强化教育在后贫困时代贫困治理中的长效作用。

2019—2022年六盘水市居民死因监测数据分析

目的分析2019—2022年六盘水市居民死因监测数据,为当地制定医疗卫生政策以及强化疾病预防控制措施提供参考依据。方法收集人口死亡信息登记管理系统中六盘水市死亡时间为2019年1月至2022年12月的所有个案资料,应用Excel2019软件整理数据,应用Jamovi2.3.13软件进行数据统计分析,采用描述流行病学方法分析死亡率、死因顺位、期望寿命等。结果2019—2022年六盘水市居民中,男性的粗死亡率、标化死亡率高于女性(P<0.01)。六盘水市居民前7位死亡原因依次为脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、心脏病、损伤和中毒、呼吸系统疾病、消化系统疾病及内分泌、营养和代谢性疾病。2019—2022年六盘水市居民人均期望寿命分别为74.50、75.40、75.53、74.80岁。结论2019—2022年六盘水市居民主要死因为慢性非传染性疾病,应建立政府主导、多部门配合、全民参与的慢性病防控体系以降低慢性病死亡率。

家庭社会经济地位对大学生学业成绩的影响——父母教育期望和心理素质的中介作用

探究家庭社会经济地位及其各项指标对大学生学业成绩的影响机制以及父母教育期望和心理素质在其中的中介作用。采用网络问卷调查法对2200名被试进行调查,结果显示:1.家庭社会经济地位及其各指标与父母教育期望、心理素质、学业成绩均存在显著正相关,相较于父母职业,父母文化程度和家庭财产资源,父母教育期望、心理素质、学业成绩的相关程度更高;2.家庭社会经济地位对大学生学业成绩的影响主要通过父母教育期望和心理素质的完全中介作用实现,且这种影响主要来自于父母文化程度和家庭财产资源;3.在父母文化程度和家庭财产资源对大学生学业成绩的预测中,心理素质的中介作用显著大于父母教育期望,但在父母职业与学业成绩的作用中两者不存在显著差异。

儿童家长对预防接种知晓率的调查以及影响因素分析

目的探讨儿童家长对预防接种知晓率的情况以及影响因素,旨在促进儿童接种工作的顺利进行。方法选取日照市2020年1月—2022年12月接种疫苗的2000名儿童家长进行问卷调查,所有被调查对象均自愿参与,对其调查结果进行分析与统计。采用logistic回归模型预防接种知晓率的影响因素。结果具有大专及以上学历的儿童家长答题正确率最高,占87.61%。该组儿童家长预防接种知识答题情况显示,对于“乙肝疫苗可预防哪种疾病”的回答正确率最高,占97.4%;而对于“百白破三联疫苗预防哪种疾病”的回答正确率最低,占33.00%。儿童家长获得预防接种知识的主要渠道显示,“通过接种门诊医生告知”此种途径所占比例最多,为95.60%;“通过社区卫生室医务人员告知”占37.80%;以其他医生告知,占5.00%;其他途径,占0.40%。采用logistic多因素分析,不同监护人身份、知识知晓途径以及有无参加妈妈课堂的监护人在预防接种知晓率可作为影响儿童家长对预防接种知晓率的高危因素(P<0.05)。结论有关部门应通过多种手段提高儿童家长对预防接种相关知识的知晓率,能够做到向基层普及相关知识,促进预防接种工作的顺利开展。

基于Swanson关怀理论的护理干预在早产儿母亲中的应用

目的:探讨以Swanson关怀理论为框架的护理干预在早产儿母亲中的应用效果。方法:采取便利抽样法选取2022年1月-5月入住百色市某三级甲等医院新生儿重症监护室(NICU)治愈出院的40例早产儿母亲作为对照组,选取2022年6月-10月入住百色市某三级甲等医院NICU治愈出院的40例早产儿母亲作为试验组。对照组实施NICU常规护理,试验组在对照组干预的基础上实施基于Swanson关怀理论的护理干预,比较两组早产儿母亲干预前后疾病不确定感、希望水平、育儿胜任感得分情况。结果:干预后试验组早产儿母亲疾病不确定感得分明显低于对照组(P<0.001),希望水平得分明显高于对照组(P<0.001);出院时及出院1个月后试验组早产儿母亲育儿胜任感得分明显高于对照组(P<0.001)。结论:基于Swanson关怀理论的护理干预可有效降低早产儿母亲疾病不确定感水平,提高其希望水平,增强其育儿胜任感,有利于早产儿顺利从医院过渡至家庭。

基于ILOs的“电气传动课程设计”建设与实践

双一流建设背景下,课程是人才培养的核心要素。该文以“两性一度”为标准,对标《北京理工大学研究型课程认证标准》,对综合性实验课程“电气传动课程设计”进行研究型课程建设,构建了具有高阶性的知识、能力、素质相融合的预期学习成果(ILOs),并针对每条ILOs设计了具有创新性、挑战度的教学内容,明确了相应的教学策略,制定了评价标准及评价反馈机制,持续改进,不断提高教学质量及课程水平。实践证明,基于ILOs的研究型课程的实施,培养了学生解决复杂工程问题的能力及创新实践能力,实现了“价值塑造、知识养成、实践能力”三位一体的培养目标。