Plant Diversity of the Baraiyadhala National Park in Chattogram, Bangladesh

The floristic diversity was carried out from the selected trails while studying wildlife at the Baraiyadhala National Park of Chattogram in Bangladesh from August 2012 to July 2013 and June to October 2017. In total 267 species of plants (Bryophytes three, Pteridophytes 15, Gymnosperm one, Dicotyledons 200 and Monocotyledons 48) belonging to 186 genera and 80 families were recorded, which included 102 (38.20%) species of trees, 84 (31.46%) shrubs, 66 (24.71%) herbs and 15 (5.61%) species of climbers. Overall, Euphorbiaceae (dicotyledon) constituted the largest family in the study area having 12 genera and 18 species, while Cyperaceae (monocotyledon) was the second largest family represented by four genera and 11 species. The single gymnosperm species was Cycas pectinata Griff. (Assam cycas) under Cycadaceae family that naturally grows there. Most of the recorded plants were terrestrial while the others were aquatic or swampy. Among the plants, 210 (78.66%) species were native, of which 152 were Native (wild), 40 Native (wild & cultivated) and 18 Native (cultivated), and the remaining 57 (21.34%) alien species. Of the alien species seven were Alien (wild), ten Alien (wild and cultivated), four Alien (invasive) and 36 Alien (cultivated). Of the 267-plant species, the highest number was medicinally followed by 41 edible, 31 timber, 13 fuel wood and ornamental, 13 fodder, seven ornamental, six species used for domestic purposes and fodder, five edible and medicinal, three vegetables, two vegetables and medicinal, two edible and timber, two timber and leaf, two ornamental and medicinal, one chemical indicator, one ornamental and timber, and the use of 17 rest species was unknown.

Heavy metal concentrations in plants and soils at roadside locations and parks of urban Guangzhou

Levels ofCu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cr were measured in soils and trees in urban Guangzhou, China. Tree and soil samples were collected from the roadside, urban parks and a university campus. Mean concentrations of Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cr in tree leaves were 28.3, 7.7, 142.1, 23.4, and 195.1 mg/kg respectively. In a comparison of heavy metal concentrations in tree leaves between roads and park locations, only Pb concentrations were significantly higher in the former. Heavy metal concentrations were lower in the roots compared to leaves. It indicated that heavy metal pollution of trees is mainly from air pollution, For all top soil samples the mean concentrations of Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cr were 24.3, 17.3, 121.5, 63.9 and 88.7 mg/kg, respectively. Heavy metal concentrations in roadside soils were higher and their coefficient of variation was higher than those in urban parks. Comparing heavy metal concentrations in trees and soil between urban Guangzhou and Hainan Island, China, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cr levels in soils and plants in urban Guangzhou were evidently affected by the human impact. However the heavy metal content in the soil compared to some international standards do not give cause for concern. Some observations on the implications of the data for environmental monitoring are made.

Application of Landscape Plants in the Huaxi National Urban Wetland Park

The current situation of plants in Shilihe Beach of the Huaxi National Urban Wetland Park was investigated and analyzed. The results show that there are about 181 species of landscape plants in this park, of which arbors and shrubs are dominant. Various species of plants grow differently because of different types of artificial maintenance. The overall partition of the wetland park dose not follow the features of a river-type wetland and is not clear. In this park, the planting area of hygrophyte is far less than that of terrestrial plants. As a result, the wetland park is evolving into a public garden. It is suggested that the overall design of the park should be conducted in accordance with site characteristics and resources, and the park should be developed and built reasonably based on the principle that the ecology is a priority.

Analysis of Plant Landscaping Characteristics of the Riverside Park in Baoding City of China

By taking the Riverside Park in Baoding City as an example,based on the analysis of the general situation of the park,the paper considers that it should build plant landscape framework according to local condition,so as to manifest temporal and spatial variation and reflect artistic conception of landscape.Six characteristic scenic spots with remarkable plant landscaping have been selected for the analysis and research of plant landscaping characteristics,aiming to acquire methods for plants processing in riverside landscape belt design.It has pointed out problems existing in riverside plants arrangement and theme's creation,and proposed corresponding reconstruction measures,providing a reference for plant arrangement of urban riverside landscape belt.

Investigation and Study on Plant Communities in Baise Forest Park

Plant community structures of Baise Forest Park were analyzed through the field investigation. The results showed that there are 76 tree species of 69 genera and 41 families in the park. According to the species diversity analysis, among the 5 subareas recreational area has the highest diversity and evenness indexes, zoo has lower diversity index of plant community. Three-dimensional analysis of plant community shows that the community has simple structures, limited landscape layers and shrub coverage, a few lawn species and poor landscape effect. Analysis of its ecological habits shows that evergreen species in all 5 subareas of the park are more than deciduous species, and there are only a few ornamental tree species.

Study on Planting Design of Yingfeng Lake National Wetland Park of Chongqing

Plant furnishing and landscape construction in wetland parks show particular properties. Plant resources in Yingfeng Lake National Wetland Park were investigated, plant furnishing patterns and landscape construction in different subareas of the park were explored and analyzed to provide a scientific and reasonable mode for the plant community construction and landscape design of wetland parks in Chongqing City.

An Analysis of Plant Landscaping and Arrangement Mode of Binjiang Park in Jingzhou City

In this paper,we conduct field investigation and statistical analysis on the plant species of Binjiang Park in Jingzhou City,study the plant landscaping techniques,analyze the current situation of plant arrangement,and put forward the corresponding plant landscaping strategies and plant arrangement recommendations.

The Diversity and Composition of Woody Plants in Chebera Churcura National Park (CCNP), Southern Ethiopia

National parks harbor the most valuable biological diversities of national and global significance. The study of these diversities assists for the proper resource management. This study was carried out to determine woody species diversity and composition in CCNP. Systematic sampling was used to collect vegetation data from 67 plots (400 m2 each), which were laid following altitudinal gradient. From each plot presence/absence of woody species, abundance and structural data were recorded. R Program, Sorensen’s similarity, Shannon diversity index were used for vegetation analysis. Our result indicated that a total of 106 plant specimens belonging to 42 families and 90 genera were identified, of which 57.6% were trees, followed by 18.8% shrubs, 7.6% liana and 16% tree/shrub. The three most dominant families were Fabaceae, Rubiaceae and Combretaceae. Five vegetation community types were identified. Millettia ferugenia—Vepris danelii, and, Combrutum molle—Terminalia browni are among others. The tree density and basal area were 426.5 trees/hectare and 30.92 m2/hectare, respectively. The diversity and evenness indices were 3.88 and 0.46 for the study area, respectively. CCNP has more similarity with Bonga and Yayu afromontane forests of Ethiopia. Disturbances caused by the human activities and wild animals such as elephant were major threats to plant biodiversity in CCNP. We recommend floristic as well as ethnobotanical investigations to realize fully the existing plant diversity and their importance. Moreover, national attention should be given to ensure sustainable use of CCNP with its incredible biological resources.

Plants Diversity of the Burigi-Chato National Park: Rare and Invasive Species

This study was conducted within a distance of three to five kilometres around Lake Burigi as a study area in the Burigi-Chato National Park for the purpose of documenting the diversity of plants, identifying invasive and rare species for enhancing conservation in the park. Lake Burigi was purposively sampled as a study area for plant identification due to its potential as a tourist destination. No study has been conducted in the study area to reveal plants diversity, with a focus on documenting invasive and rare species, thus necessitating undertaking of this study to inform the park authority to take urgent control measures in avoiding widespread of invasive species and proper planning for conservation of rare species. The methods involved included field observation;plant identification using field guide books, indigenous and professional knowledge;field mapping using GPS receiver and literature review. Analysis of meteorological data and soil sample were also used among other methods. Meteorological data were analysed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS v.20 to determine the relationship between variables. A total of 102 plant species of different growth forms of trees, shrubs, grasses, sedges, forbs, and herbs were identified and recorded. Tegetes minuta and Argemone mexicana were recorded as invasive plant species, while six rare plant species potential for pharmaceutical industry;Zanthoxylum usambarense, Gardenia ternifolia, Faidherbia albida, Harrisonia abyssinica, Anona senegalensis, and, Pappea capensis were also recorded. Scars of wildfires were observed in the study area. The study area received an average rainfall of 964.36 mm per year, the highest peak recorded in 1951. The trend of rainfall showed that many years had rainfall below the average while the temperature was found to increase from year to year, the situation which suggests the existence of climate change in the study area. There was a weak negative relationship between temperature and wind speed. Soil nutrients and disturbances in the area were found to favour the growth of Tegetes minuta. Findings of this study would help ecological unit in the park to conduct regular ecological assessment for the purpose of controlling invasive plant species, which if left to flourish are likely to reduce habitat suitability for ungulates to utilize the area. Moreover, knowing which plant species are rare, adds value to the area as a destination to visitors interested in plants. The findings also allow the park authority to keep record of species rarity and thus easily take control of them to avoid unintended exploitation. Based on the findings, it was concluded that a number of disturbances, meteorological and edaphic factors favour the growth of invasive species. Urgent measures are to be taken to control the observed invasive plant species before they are left to spread in the park to avoid destruction of the habitat suitability and incurring unnecessary expenses and time in combating them. Furthermore, rare plant species especially those with pharmaceutical and industrial values are to be conserved with special attention to ensure their continued survival. It was recommended that human-induced activities should be prevented through regular ecological assessment, field patrols and public awareness programs. A similar study needs to be conducted during dry season to make comparison of the capacity of plants in adapting to different changes of the weather.

Functions and Plant Configuration of Wuhan Jiangtan Park

With the rapid development of social economy, and constant improvement of living standards, modern people have had higher requirements on neighboring environment. Park green space is an important component of urban ecosystem, it improves quality of urban ecological environment, reduces urban heat island effect, and beautifies city environment. By studying plant configuration in Jiangtan Park, Hankou District, Wuhan City, functional areas were regarded as a whole to collect data, AHP was applied to investigate the sample plots, garden plant landscape evaluation system was established, and landscapes in all units were evaluated. From the perspectives of site type, functional area, plant configuration, landscape composition, this paper analyzed site conditions of Jiangtan Park, provided scientific theoretic support and case reference for the plant configuration of park green spaces, which would play an extremely important role in improving urban ecological environment and enhancing urban landscape effect.

Plant Landscape Design Language of Small Street Parks in Tropical Coastal Regions:A Case Study of Zhanjiang City

Small urban street parks play an irreplaceable role in protecting ecological environment of cities and beautifying living spaces of citizens, in these parks plant is an essential landscaping element that can not only improve environmental quality, but also provide visual enjoyment for viewers. There are many small street parks in Zhanjiang City, however, plant landscapes in such parks lack in regional characteristics because of blind copy and random planting. By analyzing plant landscapes in typical street parks in Zhanjiang, and borrowing the theoretical research framework of linguistics, this paper concluded the vocabulary, sentence,chapter and grammatical rules of plant landscape design, in order to explore new methods for the plant landscape design of small parks in tropical coastal regions.

基于色彩要素量化分析的郑州市龙子湖滨水公园植物群落景观评价

色彩丰富的季相植物景观能提供丰富的视觉感受,营造良好生活环境。以郑州市龙子湖滨水公园为研究对象,基于季节性色彩量化分析,采用AHP法与SBE法对选定的20个植物群落进行植物景观色彩评价,分析影响植物景观色彩质量的主要因子。结果表明,样地植物种类多样,色彩丰富度较高,对比度较低,景观整体色相值偏低,饱和度及明度适中,色彩特征鲜明;AHP法与SBE法虽侧重点不同但二者评价结果具有一致性,可共同应用于景观评价中;根据评价模型可知色彩数量C_(1)、明度指数C_(8)是影响植物景观美景度的主要因子。本次研究结果可为城市园林绿化植物种类的选择及景观塑造提供理论支撑。

Plant Diversity of Maoershan National Forest Park

There are a wide variety of wild plants in Maoershan National Forest Park.According to a fiveyear survey,the plants are found to include 557 species belonging to 116 families and 335 genera.There are 10 dominant families,such as Asteraceae,Ranunculaceae,Rosaceae,Fabaceae,and Chenopodiaceae,including 251 species,accounting for 46.06% of the total.There are 9 dominant genera,such as Polygonum,Potentilla ,Viola ,Artemisia ,and Corydalis ,which include 82 species of plants,accounting for 14.72% of the total.This study statistically analyzed the diversity and function of plants in the park and classified useful plants to provide a basis for the conservation and development of plant resources in Maoershan National Forest Park.

民勤县石羊河湿地公园春季土壤动物群落特征

2023年3-5月,对甘肃民勤石羊河公园4个功能区5个植被型组7个不同植物群系的土壤动物群落特征进行了调查。结果表明:共收集到土壤动物46个类群1488头,隶属于3门5纲13目25科。中小型土壤动物和大型土壤动物分别占97.38%和2.62%,线虫在群落结构中占绝对优势。中小型土壤动物中的优势类群为头叶属、真头叶属、臭蚁属;占总捕获量的48.58%;常见类群为丽突属、拟丽突属、短体属、鞘属、半懒甲螨属等16个类群,占总捕获量的47.13%;稀有类群有椎实螺属、耳萝卜螺属、两坑螺属、虹蛹螺属、逍遥蛛属等14个类群,占总捕获量的4.29%。大型土壤动物主要为拟步甲科和叩甲科,其中优势类群为琵琶甲属、蒙小鳖甲和尖尾东鳌甲,均为荒漠草原沙地种类。沙枣群系和油蒿群系土壤动物的个体数、类群数、丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均高于其他植物群系,优势度指数则较低。7个植物群系的土壤动物群落结构的相似性为中等不相似和极不相似。沙枣群系、白刺群系、多枝柽柳群系的土壤动物具有明显的表聚性,而油蒿群系、芨芨草群系和芦苇群系中的土壤动物垂直分布具有异质性。

Distribution of Vascular Plants along Altitudinal Gradients in Hoang Lien National Park, Vietnam

The present study was conducted to examine the distributional characteristics of floral communities along the altitudinal gradients in Hoang Lien National Park (HLNP), located in Lao Cai province, Vietnam. We recorded the relatively abundant flora system with 3252 species (including 361 endemic species and 237 endangered species), belonging to 1126 genera, 230 families and 6 different phyla. Methodology of sampling, specimen collection and identification, statistical analysis are simultaneously used for investigating the complex changes of composition and richness of plant assemblages. The study results indicated the divisions in quantity and composition, especially differentiation of endemic and rare species in accordance with altitudinal gradients.

藏龙岛国家湿地公园植物多样性调查与分析

运用样线法、样方法等在武汉市藏龙岛国家湿地公园开展植物多样性科学调查。公园内共有维管束植物222种,隶属于85科182属。其中,蕨类植物6科,7属,11种;裸子植物4科,8属,10种;双子叶植物62科,127属,160种;单子叶植物13科,40属,41种。分析了湿地公园的主要植被分类情况和植物区系构成及分布,园内主要有针叶林、阔叶林及草丛三类植被,其中含10属以上的科有禾本科、菊科和蔷薇科,科的分布以世界广布类型和热带广布类型为主,含5~9种及以上的大型属未发现有分布,属的分布以泛热带分布类型为主;调查了园内珍稀濒危保护植物和外来入侵植物的组成情况,计算了近8年来园区内植物科、属的变化情况,其中双子叶植物的数量变化最大,减少了14种67属96种。调查结果显示藏龙岛植物种类单一且植物多样性有整体下降趋势。并根据调查数据结果提出了针对性的保护措施,可为保护与科学管理藏龙岛公园提供参考。

桂林市灵渠公园植物及其景观调查分析

为了解桂林市灵渠公园植物资源及其景观现状,为完善桂林市城市公园植物景观建设提供参考,通过实地调查法并结合有关文献,对桂林市灵渠公园的植物种类及配置形式进行调查分析。结果表明,共有植物153种,隶属于72科143属;其中乔木共24科41属46种,灌木共38科55属60种,草本共27科47属47种;观叶、观花和观果植物分别为85、50和28种;观叶植物在景观上的应用最为广泛,其次为观花和观果植物;植物群落配置呈乔木-灌木-地被和乔木-草本2种典型模式。结合调查结果进行了归纳总结,提出以下建议:提高地域特色表达;加强乡土植物的开发和利用;加强滨水植物应用;提高植物养护水平,加强与其他景观要素的协调性;植物景观要融合文化内涵。

昆仑山国家公园青海片区评估区种子植物区系研究

【目的】从物种代表性和多样性方面为拟创建的昆仑山国家公园青海片区评估区的植物多样性保护、植物资源利用与管理提供基础科学数据。【方法】研究在野外调查基础上,结合历史数据及文献资料,梳理评估区种子植物名录,分析评估区种子植物区系的组成、优势类群、地理成分及珍稀濒危物种。【结果】(1)昆仑山国家公园青海片区评估区共有种子植物46科146属384种,裸子植物3科3属5种,被子植物43科143属379种;苋科(Amaranthaceae)、菊科(Asteraceae)、豆科(Fabaceae)和禾本科(Poaceae)4科在评估区种子植物区系中占重要地位,单种科和寡种科构成科的主体。(2)评估区种子植物科、属优势现象明显,优势科有8科,优势属有36属,具10种以上的大属有黄芪属(Astragalus)、棘豆属(Oxytropis)、蒿属(Artemisia)、风毛菊属(Saussurea)、早熟禾属(Poa)、薹草属(Carex)6属,单种属和小属构成属的主体。(3)评估区种子植物科的分布区类型以世界分布为主,同时呈现出温带性质,属的分布区类型以温带分布为主,与劳亚古陆有紧密联系。(4)评估区有4种国家二级重点保护野生植物,8种青海省重点保护植物,6种列入《中国生物多样性红色名录》。【结论】昆仑山国家公园青海片区评估区的地理成分多样,但特有现象不明显,生物多样性较低,区系成分在水平梯度上呈现出干旱到半干旱以及温带向热带过渡的特征。

厦门岛滨海公园外来园林植物入侵风险评估

本研究通过样线法调查厦门岛8个滨海公园的植物种类,统计得出厦门岛8个滨海公园共有园林植物288种,其中外来园林植物127种,占总数的44.10%。排除部分在厦门岛不具有入侵性的外来植物,得到具有入侵可能的外来园林植物80种。通过文献整理法和专家咨询构建厦门岛滨海公园外来园林植物入侵风险评估体系,采用层次分析法确定评价指标权重。该评价体系包括1个目标层、5个一级指标以及20个二级指标。将80种具有入侵可能的外来园林植物代入厦门岛滨海公园外来园林植物入侵风险评估体系得出对应得分。得分在38.00~58.85之间的为高风险植物,共有13种;得分在23.00~38.00之间的为中风险植物,共有18种;得分在9.30~23.00之间的为低风险植物,共有49种。对于未列入《中国外来入侵植物志》中的高风险植物应及早发现并采取有效管理措施进行控制,对中风险植物实施阶段性清除并采用乡土植物替换,对低风险植物应进行监控和管理。厦门岛8个滨海公园的外来园林植物中,大多数为低风险植物,其中,五通灯塔公园、海湾公园以及牛头山公园应用外来植物种类数量居于前三,建议今后不再引进外来园林植物;音乐广场应用外来园林植物种类最少,建议适当引入低风险植物以增加公园的植被多样性。本研究对厦门岛滨海公园的外来植物种类进行梳理,针对外来植物提出相关防治建议,为保护厦门岛滨海公园的生态安全,进一步丰富小尺度区域外来植物的入侵风险评估研究,以及为其他地区滨海公园引入外来植物提供参考。