The analysis of the service range and optimized layout of urban parkland through scientific methods is conducive to urban ecological environment, urban fabric and stable order to provide accessible recreational places...The analysis of the service range and optimized layout of urban parkland through scientific methods is conducive to urban ecological environment, urban fabric and stable order to provide accessible recreational places for residents. This paper took Jianghan District in Wuhan for example, based on the GIS network analysis and vector databases of road network, park and population, to obtain the irregular service range of different types of park and bearing capacity. The results showed that the service range of daily recreation within 20 min accounted for 75.5% of the total area, and the bearing capacity of Lingjiaohu Park, Wangjiadun Park, and Longwangmiao Park was low. It was thus concluded that there were visible blind areas and invisible blind areas in Jianghan District. Therefore, specific optimized layout of parkland was implemented in different blind areas to effectively combine park green space and residents' recreational activities, so as to achieve reasonable layout of urban parkland.展开更多
Compiled information on parkland agroforestry tree species in relation to diversity, tree management options and the challenges of the system is important for production and productivity, and biodiversity conservation...Compiled information on parkland agroforestry tree species in relation to diversity, tree management options and the challenges of the system is important for production and productivity, and biodiversity conservation through availing the required information which in turn has an implication to the sustainability of the system and climate change mitigation. So, the aim of this review paper is to compile information on parkland agroforestry practices of Ethiopia, particularly: on tree species diversity, their roles, management options available and challenges of the practice. Parkland agroforestry which is a system practiced by many local populations comprises the large part of agricultural landscapes in Ethiopia and is very important in different aspects such as;for food security, microclimate amelioration, economic benefits, environmental protection, household energy, household utensils, cultural values, traditional medicines, and fodder. There are many indigenous multipurpose tree species scattered on farmlands in Ethiopia, and the common one includes: Millettia ferruginea, Cordia africana, Ficus vasta, Ficus sur, Croton macrostachyus and Faidherbia albida. However, nowadays these trees are facing challenges like: expansion of exotic trees in the expense of the native ones, expansion of cash crops through removal of the parkland trees from the farm area, climate change, land shortage and tenure system which require high emphasis for the production and productivity as well as sustainability of the system especially, in this era of climate change;hence this system is one of climate change mitigation options.展开更多
Objective: Evaluation of the effect of Ringer Lactate, as the resuscitative burn fluid according to Parkland Formula, on restoring the levels of body electrolytes and proteins. Design: A retrospective cohort study. Se...Objective: Evaluation of the effect of Ringer Lactate, as the resuscitative burn fluid according to Parkland Formula, on restoring the levels of body electrolytes and proteins. Design: A retrospective cohort study. Setting: The National Burns Unit, Mafraq Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Patients: One hundred and fifteen patients admitted with fresh burns between 1st of January 2011 and 31st of December 2013, who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methods: Team collected demographic and clinical data for each patient using a standard form. Patients received Ringer Lactate solely as the resuscitative burn fluid according to Parkland Formula. Baseline (pre-) and third-day (post-) variables included levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, proteins, and albumin. Researchers then performed paired comparisons of serum electrolytes and protein levels. Results: Mean values showed maintenance of the potassium and chloride levels within the normal range after administering the Ringer Lactate, significant decline in sodium, and a marked hypoproteinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia post-resuscitation. Conclusions: Ringer Lactate used as the mere resuscitative post burn fluid is suboptimal. Sodium supplementation may be required to correct hyponatremia. Colloids, preferably intravenous albumin should be added, as advised by the original Parkland Formula.展开更多
Reduce false-positive results and loss to follow-up through sys tematic modifications in Universal Newborn Hearing Screening at a large public hospital. During a pilot program, neonates who failed technician-performed...Reduce false-positive results and loss to follow-up through sys tematic modifications in Universal Newborn Hearing Screening at a large public hospital. During a pilot program, neonates who failed technician-performed automated auditory brain stem response were scheduled for diagnostic evaluation. In year 1, audiologists rescreened neonates who failed, and those who did not pass were screened as outpatients. For years 2 through 4, neonates who failed were rescreened by technicians before inpatient audiology rescreening. For the pilot, 3759 neonates were screened; 1%(n = 43) failed and 44%(n = 19) were lost to follow-up. In year 1, 15, 297 neonates were screened and 2%(n = 365) failed; audiology rescreening reduced this to <1%(n = 129). Outpatient rescreening yielded 0.5%(n = 70) who failed; 17%(n = 12) were lost to follow-up. In year 2, 16, 384 neonates were screened, 3%(n = 456) failed, and 1%(n = 167) failed after technician rescreen; audiology rescreening reduced inpatient fails to 0.6%(n = 108), and 0.4%(n = 61) failed outpatient rescreening; 11%(n = 7) were lost to follow-up. Results for years 3 and 4 were similar to year 2, with further reduction in loss to follow-up to 11%(n = 6) and 1.7%(n = 1). Successful Universal Newborn Hearing Screening with reduced false-positive results and loss to follow-up can be accomplished with a planned schedule of inpatient rescreens and outpatient rescreening at the birthing facility.展开更多
Purpose:Acute burn resuscitation in initial 24 h remains a challenge to plastic surgeons.Though various formulae for fluid infusion are available but consensus is still lacking,resulting in under resuscitation or over...Purpose:Acute burn resuscitation in initial 24 h remains a challenge to plastic surgeons.Though various formulae for fluid infusion are available but consensus is still lacking,resulting in under resuscitation or over resuscitation.Parkland formula is widely used but recently its adequacy is questioned in studies.This study was conducted to see how closely the actual volume of fluid given in our center matches with that of calculated volume by Parkland formula.Methods:All patients admitted with more than 20% flame burn injury and within 8 h of incident were included in this study.Crystalloid solution for infusion was calculated as per Parkland formula;however,it was titrated according to the urine output.Data on fluid infusion were collected from patient's inpatient records and analyzed.Results:The study included a total of 90 patients,about 86.7% (n =78) of the patients received fluid less than the calculated Parkland formula.Rate of fluid administered over 24 h in our study was 3.149 mL/kg/ h.Mean hourly urine output was found to be 0.993 mL/kg/h.The mean difference between fluid administered and fluid calculated by Parkland formula was 3431.825 mL which was significant (p < 0.001).Conclusion:The study showed a significant difference in the fluid infused based on urine output and the fluid calculated by Parkland formula.This probably is because fluid infused based on end point of resuscitation was more physiological than fluid calculated based on formulae.展开更多
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51538004)
文摘The analysis of the service range and optimized layout of urban parkland through scientific methods is conducive to urban ecological environment, urban fabric and stable order to provide accessible recreational places for residents. This paper took Jianghan District in Wuhan for example, based on the GIS network analysis and vector databases of road network, park and population, to obtain the irregular service range of different types of park and bearing capacity. The results showed that the service range of daily recreation within 20 min accounted for 75.5% of the total area, and the bearing capacity of Lingjiaohu Park, Wangjiadun Park, and Longwangmiao Park was low. It was thus concluded that there were visible blind areas and invisible blind areas in Jianghan District. Therefore, specific optimized layout of parkland was implemented in different blind areas to effectively combine park green space and residents' recreational activities, so as to achieve reasonable layout of urban parkland.
文摘Compiled information on parkland agroforestry tree species in relation to diversity, tree management options and the challenges of the system is important for production and productivity, and biodiversity conservation through availing the required information which in turn has an implication to the sustainability of the system and climate change mitigation. So, the aim of this review paper is to compile information on parkland agroforestry practices of Ethiopia, particularly: on tree species diversity, their roles, management options available and challenges of the practice. Parkland agroforestry which is a system practiced by many local populations comprises the large part of agricultural landscapes in Ethiopia and is very important in different aspects such as;for food security, microclimate amelioration, economic benefits, environmental protection, household energy, household utensils, cultural values, traditional medicines, and fodder. There are many indigenous multipurpose tree species scattered on farmlands in Ethiopia, and the common one includes: Millettia ferruginea, Cordia africana, Ficus vasta, Ficus sur, Croton macrostachyus and Faidherbia albida. However, nowadays these trees are facing challenges like: expansion of exotic trees in the expense of the native ones, expansion of cash crops through removal of the parkland trees from the farm area, climate change, land shortage and tenure system which require high emphasis for the production and productivity as well as sustainability of the system especially, in this era of climate change;hence this system is one of climate change mitigation options.
文摘Objective: Evaluation of the effect of Ringer Lactate, as the resuscitative burn fluid according to Parkland Formula, on restoring the levels of body electrolytes and proteins. Design: A retrospective cohort study. Setting: The National Burns Unit, Mafraq Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Patients: One hundred and fifteen patients admitted with fresh burns between 1st of January 2011 and 31st of December 2013, who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methods: Team collected demographic and clinical data for each patient using a standard form. Patients received Ringer Lactate solely as the resuscitative burn fluid according to Parkland Formula. Baseline (pre-) and third-day (post-) variables included levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, proteins, and albumin. Researchers then performed paired comparisons of serum electrolytes and protein levels. Results: Mean values showed maintenance of the potassium and chloride levels within the normal range after administering the Ringer Lactate, significant decline in sodium, and a marked hypoproteinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia post-resuscitation. Conclusions: Ringer Lactate used as the mere resuscitative post burn fluid is suboptimal. Sodium supplementation may be required to correct hyponatremia. Colloids, preferably intravenous albumin should be added, as advised by the original Parkland Formula.
文摘Reduce false-positive results and loss to follow-up through sys tematic modifications in Universal Newborn Hearing Screening at a large public hospital. During a pilot program, neonates who failed technician-performed automated auditory brain stem response were scheduled for diagnostic evaluation. In year 1, audiologists rescreened neonates who failed, and those who did not pass were screened as outpatients. For years 2 through 4, neonates who failed were rescreened by technicians before inpatient audiology rescreening. For the pilot, 3759 neonates were screened; 1%(n = 43) failed and 44%(n = 19) were lost to follow-up. In year 1, 15, 297 neonates were screened and 2%(n = 365) failed; audiology rescreening reduced this to <1%(n = 129). Outpatient rescreening yielded 0.5%(n = 70) who failed; 17%(n = 12) were lost to follow-up. In year 2, 16, 384 neonates were screened, 3%(n = 456) failed, and 1%(n = 167) failed after technician rescreen; audiology rescreening reduced inpatient fails to 0.6%(n = 108), and 0.4%(n = 61) failed outpatient rescreening; 11%(n = 7) were lost to follow-up. Results for years 3 and 4 were similar to year 2, with further reduction in loss to follow-up to 11%(n = 6) and 1.7%(n = 1). Successful Universal Newborn Hearing Screening with reduced false-positive results and loss to follow-up can be accomplished with a planned schedule of inpatient rescreens and outpatient rescreening at the birthing facility.
文摘Purpose:Acute burn resuscitation in initial 24 h remains a challenge to plastic surgeons.Though various formulae for fluid infusion are available but consensus is still lacking,resulting in under resuscitation or over resuscitation.Parkland formula is widely used but recently its adequacy is questioned in studies.This study was conducted to see how closely the actual volume of fluid given in our center matches with that of calculated volume by Parkland formula.Methods:All patients admitted with more than 20% flame burn injury and within 8 h of incident were included in this study.Crystalloid solution for infusion was calculated as per Parkland formula;however,it was titrated according to the urine output.Data on fluid infusion were collected from patient's inpatient records and analyzed.Results:The study included a total of 90 patients,about 86.7% (n =78) of the patients received fluid less than the calculated Parkland formula.Rate of fluid administered over 24 h in our study was 3.149 mL/kg/ h.Mean hourly urine output was found to be 0.993 mL/kg/h.The mean difference between fluid administered and fluid calculated by Parkland formula was 3431.825 mL which was significant (p < 0.001).Conclusion:The study showed a significant difference in the fluid infused based on urine output and the fluid calculated by Parkland formula.This probably is because fluid infused based on end point of resuscitation was more physiological than fluid calculated based on formulae.
