Comparison of Apigenin,Quercetin and Kaempferol Accumulation and Total Flavonoid Content in Leaves,Embryogenic Cultures and Cell Suspension Cultures of Parsley(Petroselinum crispum)

In recent years,there has been a growing interest in exploring alternative treatments for bone defects.Bone tissue engineering has turned its attention to plant extracts containing osteogenic flavonoids as potential promoters of bone regeneration.In our study,we specifically investigated the extract of Petroselinum crispum,a plant known for its abundance of osteogenic flavonoids such as apigenin,quercetin,and kaempferol.Our objective was to compare the total flavonoid content(TFC)and their accumulation in different sources.We obtained hydrolyzed aqueous extracts from the leaves of parsley plants(grown for 12 weeks in the field),weekly embryogenic cultures,and suspension cell cultures.The TFC,measured in mg quercetin equivalent per gram of dry weight(QE mg/g dw),was found to be 53.81±0.97 for 52 g dw of leaves(1 kg plant fw),31.10±1.52 for 420 g dw of embryogenic cultures,and 11.80±0.76 for 210 g dw of cell suspensions.Notably,only the leaves and embryogenic cultures showed significant accumulation of osteogenic flavonoids,with apigenin levels of 1.8±0.3 and 0.32±0.02 mg/g dw,and kaempferol levels of 1.0±0.18 and 0.2±0.01 mg/g dw,respectively.Our findings indicate that embryogenic cultures have the potential to produce up to 40%more apigenin in 12 weeks compared to 1 kg of parsley plant,thanks to their superior biomass reproductive competence.These results present a promising biotechnological approach for generating extracts enriched with bioactive compounds,which can be further utilized in in vitro osteogenic testing.

Calcium and Oxalate Contents of Curly Leaf (<i>Petroselinum crispum</i>) and Flat Leaf (<i>P. crispum var. neapolitanum </i>) Parsley Cultivars

The total, soluble and insoluble oxalate contents of the leaves and stems of curly leaf (Petroselinum crispum) and flat leaf (P. crispum var. neapolitanum) parsley cultivars were extracted from fresh tissue and measured using HPLC chromatography. There were no significant differences between the total and insoluble oxalate contents of the leaves between the flat leaf and curly leaf cultivars. There was a small difference (P < 0.05) between the soluble oxalate contents of the leaves of the two cultivars. The mean total, soluble and insoluble oxalates of the leaves of the two cultivars were 1137.0, 177.9 and 959.3 mg/100 g dry matter (DM), respectively. The mean total, soluble and insoluble oxalate contents of the stems were 1680.7, 386.2 and 1294.5 mg/100 g DM, respectively, and these were significantly higher than the mean values for the leaves of the two cultivars. Insoluble oxalate made up a mean of 77.0% of the curly leaf stems and leaves compared to a mean of 84.4% found in the flat-leaved cultivar. Unavailable calcium, that is, calcium bound to oxalate as insoluble oxalate, made up a mean of 26.9% of the total calcium in the leaves of both cultivars while the unavailable calcium made up 45.0% of the total calcium in the stems of the two cultivars. Overall, the oxalate contents of both parsley cultivars are relatively high, on a dry matter basis, but their overall contribution to dietary intake is likely to be quite small as parsley is an herb that is only used in small amounts to garnish foods.

Effects of different priming treatments and priming durations on germination percentage of parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) seeds

The effects of different priming treatments and priming durations on germination percentage at different temperatures in parsley seeds were studied. The seeds were treated for 2, 4, 6 and 8 days with the PEG 6000 (–0.5 MPa, –1.0 MPa and –1.5 MPa), KNO3 (0.30 mol/L and 0.35 mol/L), Mannitol (0.50 mol/L and 0.60 mol/L) and hydropriming (12h, 24h, 36h and 48h) and unprimed (control). Germination studies were made at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25°C. Percentage of germination at different temperatures was significantly affected by priming treatments. Hydropriming (12h, 24h and 36 h) and mannitol 0.60 mol/L at 2 day generally had the highest germination percentages. In general, the highest germination percentage with priming was determined at 10°C. It may be said that seed priming treatments increased seed germination percentage at both low and high temperatures. The highest germination percentages were observed in both hydropriming and mannitol treatments as compared with PEG and KNO3 treatments. The PEG and KNO3 (2 and 4 days) treatments were better than unprimed treatment in all of the temperatures.

依赖注入框架Parsley在Flex中的研究

该文研究了Parsley框架的依赖注入在Flex开发中的应用，重点讨论Parsley框架在Flex开发中的配置以及各种依赖注入的方式。

Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activity and Safety of Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) AW Hill Apiaceae Leaves Grown in Benin

Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) AW Hill Apiaceae (Parsley) is a plant species commonly used for its culinary value, but little is known about its phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to deepen knowledge of the Petroselinum crispum leaves (LPc) grown and consumed in Benin. The phytochemical screening of the LPc powder was done according to the method of Houghton and Raman at the Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Essential Oils of the Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences in Benin. The antioxidant activity (IC50) was evaluated by the DPPH reduction test. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of chemical groups such as catechin tannins, gallic tannins, flavones, saponins, mucilages, coumarins, reducing agents and O-heterosides with reduced genins in the LPc powder. The aqueous extract of LPc showed antioxidant activity with an IC50 = 63.66 μg/mL and was found to be less active than ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.111 μg/mL). No acute oral toxicity was observed and the LD50 of the aqueous extract of LPc is estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg in the Wistar rat. The absence of toxicity, its antioxidant activity associated with its richness in active ingredients makes Petroselinum crispum a promising species suitable for safe long-term use as food.

Prevention of Nephropathy by Some Natural Sources of Antioxidants

Nephrotoxicity is one of the most common kidney problems and occurs when the body is exposed to a drug or toxin. Natural sources of antioxidants may serve as a vital source of potentially useful new compounds for the development of an effective therapy to combat a variety of kidney problems. Natural antioxidants have a variety of biochemical actions such as inhibition of reactive oxygen species production, scavenging of free radicals. The present review aims to summarize the recent articles which studied some of the nephrotoxic agents, and alleviation of nephrotoxicity using of some natural products possessing antioxidant properties. Our review shows the oxidative damage and renal disorders induced in human and experimental animals by nephrotoxic agents such as gentamicin, alcohol, nicotine, adenine, glycerol, ethylene glycol, sodium nitrite, mercuric chloride, AlCl3, lead acetate, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), furosemide, carbendazim, diazinon, heat stress, and &gamma;-radiation. Also, nephrotic disorders caused in diabetic rats, patients, cirrhotic ascetic patients, and ischemia-reperfusion. Administration of natural sources of antioxidants such as curcumin, garlic, fenugreek, parsley, peppermint, pomegranate, propolis, olive leaves, rosemary, and sesame attenuated both physiological and histopathological alterations induced in the kidney by the nephrotoxic agent and certain diseases. The nephroprotective effect of the former natural sources of antioxidants may be due to the enhancement of antioxidant activity and inhibition of tissue lipid peroxidation. It can be concluded that administration of curcumin, garlic, fenugreek, parsley, peppermint, pomegranate, propolis, olive leaves, rosemary, and sesame showed a remarkable kidney protection against nephrotoxic agents, and diseases induced renal dysfunctions in human and experimental animals. So, the present study recommended that the consumption of these natural sources of antioxidants may be useful for human exposure to nephrotoxic agents and patients who suffer from renal diseases.

Imageries Connected with Border in The Farming of Bones by Edwidge Danticat

This essay indicates the intertwined relation between border and identity in Danticat’s novel The Farming of Bones.The author makes a combination of the recurring imageries like"River","Parsley"and"Twins"related to border—the Massacre River as a metaphor to emphasize this boundary which causes all the sufferings of Haitian people like Amabelle and the new hope the survivor are seeking for.

英文歌曲欣赏

通过欣赏斯卡布罗集市歌曲,来提高英语的学习,达到听英文歌学英语的目的。