Objective: To study the main aspects of osteoporotic emergency fracture of the hip in the Umbria Region in the years 2006-2011. Methods: The study was conducted from January 1 of 2006 to December 31 of 2011, and inclu...Objective: To study the main aspects of osteoporotic emergency fracture of the hip in the Umbria Region in the years 2006-2011. Methods: The study was conducted from January 1 of 2006 to December 31 of 2011, and included only patients over 49 years of age. Patients who did not habitually reside in the region were excluded. They were collected in each based on the following data: age, sex, place of residence (urban or rural), time of the year, fractured side, type of trauma, history of fracture contralateral and perioperative mortality. Results: From 2006 to 2011, a progressive increase in the number of femoral fracture admissions in regional hospitals was observed, equal to 4.73% per annum. The incidence went from 6.8 to 8.1 for 1.000 ultra-65th residents. The most affected age groups are those between 75-84 years and 85-94 years. Conclusions: The epidemiology of osteoporotic hip fracture in the Umbria Region follows a pattern similar to that of other Italian regions. The in-hospital mortality of these patients is partly determined by age and number of complications they suffer during admission. The impact of economic resources on patients who break the osteoporotic hip justifies the implementation of programs for the prevention of osteoporosis and fractures.展开更多
Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a new, once daily, orally administered, third generation antiepileptic drug which is indicated in the treatment of partial-onset seizures. ESL is known to exert it's anticonvulsant...Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a new, once daily, orally administered, third generation antiepileptic drug which is indicated in the treatment of partial-onset seizures. ESL is known to exert it's anticonvulsant effect by blocking the voltage-gated sodium channels. Several clinical trials and pharmacological studies have revealed that seizure control was better with ESL monotherapy (1 200 or 1 600 mg once daily) following a switch from other antiepileptic drugs in comparison with pseudo-placebo patients. The studies have indicated the ESL to be well tolerated and produced only mild to moderate emergent adverse events with the therapy. Being a dibenzazepine family member, structure and chemistry of ESL resembles more or less to carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine. ESL differs structurally from carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine at the 10, 11 position of dibenazepine nucleus. This molecular variation results in differences in metabolism and thus helps to prevent the formation of toxic epoxide metabolites. ESL following oral administration is rapidly metabolised to active metabolite namely S-licarbazepine which is responsible for its pharmacological activity. ESL exhibits acceptable pharmacokinetic profile and shows insignificant drug-drug interactions. In phase III clinical program, ESL was found to be efficacious and well tolerated in adult patients with partial onset seizures previously not controlled with treatment with one or two other antiepileptic drugs.展开更多
利用不连续动力系统理论研究了一类异质二阶多自主体系统的一致性。不同于之前一致性问题中关于系统渐近一致性的结论，笔者通过一个不连续的一致性协议，具体分析了系统在有限时间内的完全一致性及部分一致性的结果。首先根据协议的约...利用不连续动力系统理论研究了一类异质二阶多自主体系统的一致性。不同于之前一致性问题中关于系统渐近一致性的结论，笔者通过一个不连续的一致性协议，具体分析了系统在有限时间内的完全一致性及部分一致性的结果。首先根据协议的约束将区域进行划分，分别定义相应的子系统。然后适当定义了 G 函数，并利用 G 函数的性质给出了两个系统部分一致性开始和一致性消失的解析条件。通过解析条件可以得到两个系统部分时间段上的部分一致性结果，同时给出了两个系统出现完全一致性的解析条件。最后通过数值模拟说明了完全一致性情形。展开更多
The Substorm Current Wedge （SCW） occurrence in the late growth and onset phases of substorms was proposed as the current system which disrupts cross-tail current by diverting it to the ionosphere. The closure curren...The Substorm Current Wedge （SCW） occurrence in the late growth and onset phases of substorms was proposed as the current system which disrupts cross-tail current by diverting it to the ionosphere. The closure current for the SCW originally was suggested to be the strong westward auroral electrojet （WEJ）. However, the SCW-WEJ system has no viable generator current. Similarly, the asymmetric or Partial Ring Current （PRC） increases in strength during the growth phase, and is sometimes associated with an enhanced Region 2 field-aligned current （FAC） closing to the ionosphere, but specifics of that closure have been lacking. Here we present a tmifying picture which includes the SCW post- and pre-midnight （AM and PM, respectively） currents and a generator current in the midnight portion of the PRC system, with these currents based upon a model of the nightside magnetotail magnetic geometry. That geometry consists of open north and south lobe regions surrounding a plasmasheet with two types of closed field line regions-stretched lines in the central part of the plasmasheet （SPS） and dipolar lines （DPS） between the low lati- tude boundary layer （LLBL） regions and the SPS. There is also an important plasmasheet transition region （TPS） in which the dipolar field near the plasmapause gradually transforms to stretched lines near the earthward edge of the SPS, and in which the midnight part of the PRC flows. We propose that our proposed near-onset current system consists of a central current which be- comes part of the midnight sector PRC and which is the generator, to which are linked two three-part current systems, one on the dawnside and one on the duskside. The three-part systems consist of up and down FACs closing as Pedersen currents in the iono- sphere. These 3-part systems are not activated until near-onset is reached, because of a lack of ionospheric conductivity in the appropriate locations where the Pedersen current closure occurs. The initial downward FAC of the 3-part dawnside system and the final upward FAC of the 3-part duskside system correspond to the AM and PM current segments, respectively, of the originally proposed SCW.展开更多
文摘Objective: To study the main aspects of osteoporotic emergency fracture of the hip in the Umbria Region in the years 2006-2011. Methods: The study was conducted from January 1 of 2006 to December 31 of 2011, and included only patients over 49 years of age. Patients who did not habitually reside in the region were excluded. They were collected in each based on the following data: age, sex, place of residence (urban or rural), time of the year, fractured side, type of trauma, history of fracture contralateral and perioperative mortality. Results: From 2006 to 2011, a progressive increase in the number of femoral fracture admissions in regional hospitals was observed, equal to 4.73% per annum. The incidence went from 6.8 to 8.1 for 1.000 ultra-65th residents. The most affected age groups are those between 75-84 years and 85-94 years. Conclusions: The epidemiology of osteoporotic hip fracture in the Umbria Region follows a pattern similar to that of other Italian regions. The in-hospital mortality of these patients is partly determined by age and number of complications they suffer during admission. The impact of economic resources on patients who break the osteoporotic hip justifies the implementation of programs for the prevention of osteoporosis and fractures.
文摘Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a new, once daily, orally administered, third generation antiepileptic drug which is indicated in the treatment of partial-onset seizures. ESL is known to exert it's anticonvulsant effect by blocking the voltage-gated sodium channels. Several clinical trials and pharmacological studies have revealed that seizure control was better with ESL monotherapy (1 200 or 1 600 mg once daily) following a switch from other antiepileptic drugs in comparison with pseudo-placebo patients. The studies have indicated the ESL to be well tolerated and produced only mild to moderate emergent adverse events with the therapy. Being a dibenzazepine family member, structure and chemistry of ESL resembles more or less to carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine. ESL differs structurally from carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine at the 10, 11 position of dibenazepine nucleus. This molecular variation results in differences in metabolism and thus helps to prevent the formation of toxic epoxide metabolites. ESL following oral administration is rapidly metabolised to active metabolite namely S-licarbazepine which is responsible for its pharmacological activity. ESL exhibits acceptable pharmacokinetic profile and shows insignificant drug-drug interactions. In phase III clinical program, ESL was found to be efficacious and well tolerated in adult patients with partial onset seizures previously not controlled with treatment with one or two other antiepileptic drugs.
文摘利用不连续动力系统理论研究了一类异质二阶多自主体系统的一致性。不同于之前一致性问题中关于系统渐近一致性的结论，笔者通过一个不连续的一致性协议，具体分析了系统在有限时间内的完全一致性及部分一致性的结果。首先根据协议的约束将区域进行划分，分别定义相应的子系统。然后适当定义了 G 函数，并利用 G 函数的性质给出了两个系统部分一致性开始和一致性消失的解析条件。通过解析条件可以得到两个系统部分时间段上的部分一致性结果，同时给出了两个系统出现完全一致性的解析条件。最后通过数值模拟说明了完全一致性情形。
文摘The Substorm Current Wedge （SCW） occurrence in the late growth and onset phases of substorms was proposed as the current system which disrupts cross-tail current by diverting it to the ionosphere. The closure current for the SCW originally was suggested to be the strong westward auroral electrojet （WEJ）. However, the SCW-WEJ system has no viable generator current. Similarly, the asymmetric or Partial Ring Current （PRC） increases in strength during the growth phase, and is sometimes associated with an enhanced Region 2 field-aligned current （FAC） closing to the ionosphere, but specifics of that closure have been lacking. Here we present a tmifying picture which includes the SCW post- and pre-midnight （AM and PM, respectively） currents and a generator current in the midnight portion of the PRC system, with these currents based upon a model of the nightside magnetotail magnetic geometry. That geometry consists of open north and south lobe regions surrounding a plasmasheet with two types of closed field line regions-stretched lines in the central part of the plasmasheet （SPS） and dipolar lines （DPS） between the low lati- tude boundary layer （LLBL） regions and the SPS. There is also an important plasmasheet transition region （TPS） in which the dipolar field near the plasmapause gradually transforms to stretched lines near the earthward edge of the SPS, and in which the midnight part of the PRC flows. We propose that our proposed near-onset current system consists of a central current which be- comes part of the midnight sector PRC and which is the generator, to which are linked two three-part current systems, one on the dawnside and one on the duskside. The three-part systems consist of up and down FACs closing as Pedersen currents in the iono- sphere. These 3-part systems are not activated until near-onset is reached, because of a lack of ionospheric conductivity in the appropriate locations where the Pedersen current closure occurs. The initial downward FAC of the 3-part dawnside system and the final upward FAC of the 3-part duskside system correspond to the AM and PM current segments, respectively, of the originally proposed SCW.
文摘目的系统评价左乙拉西坦添加治疗成人难治性癫痫部分性发作的有效性及安全性。方法检索Medline、Em Base、Cochrane Library、中国知网(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献(CBM)、万方、维普等数据库中公开发表的左乙拉西坦添加治疗成人难治性癫痫部分性发作的随机对照研究,对符合纳入标准的文献进行偏倚风险评价,并用Rev Man 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入7项随机对照研究,共748例患者,其中,左乙拉西坦治疗组为试验组,共426例,安慰剂组为对照组,共322例。试验组添加左乙拉西坦治疗12~14周后,有效率和完全控制率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),无效率低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组的保留率及主要药物不良反应的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论左乙拉西坦治疗成人难治性癫痫部分性发作,临床疗效优于对照组,耐受性及安全性良好。
