This study focused on identifying factors affecting the benefits of Participatory Forestry Management (PFM) income generating activities in Upper Imenti Forest and whether they are dependent on status of participation...This study focused on identifying factors affecting the benefits of Participatory Forestry Management (PFM) income generating activities in Upper Imenti Forest and whether they are dependent on status of participation in forest management through membership of Community Forest Association (CFA) or not. Cross-sectional survey research design was applied for collecting quantitative data using a semi-structured questionnaire administered to 384 households stratified on the basis of PFM participation status. Qualitative data was collected through focused group discussions using a checklist and key informant interviews using an interview schedule. Using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25, Binomial regression with Wald Chi-square was analyzed to identify factors perceived to be significantly influencing benefits for PFM participants and Pearson Chi-square to compare factors perceived to be affecting PFM and non-PFM participants. CFA members participation in PFM was significantly and positively affected by benefits of PFM income generating activities and forest products accessed in the forest. Benefits linked to Plantation Establishment for Livelihood Improvement System (PELIS) for CFA members were significantly reduced by enforcement of moratorium policy since February 2018, diseases and pests, poor PELIS guideline adherence and animal damage. Benefits related to state forest access for firewood by the CFA members were negatively influenced by the moratorium policy. Diseases and pests affected benefits associated with bee keeping significantly. Comparing factors under different PFM participation status, crop production was significantly affected by policy changes, pest and diseases, animal damage and PELIS guideline adherence for CFA members than for Non-CFA members. Policy changes also affected the CFA members significantly in firewood collection and access to fodder in the state forest than the Non-CFA members. Hence, sustainable community participation in Upper Imenti Forest management requires: increasing PFM benefits, addressing factors reducing benefits and enhancing active participation of CFA members in PFM related decision-making processes.展开更多
Considering some drawbacks of the mainstream approach to environmental management (EM),the conception and basic idea of Participatory EM(PEM) are put forward.PEM possesses some main features and benefits that are supe...Considering some drawbacks of the mainstream approach to environmental management (EM),the conception and basic idea of Participatory EM(PEM) are put forward.PEM possesses some main features and benefits that are superior to the mainstream approach,but also faces the crucial constraint in decision-making.The dilemma can be effectively settled by applying an advanced decision-making support tool-group decision support system(GDSS).On the basis of recognizing the complex decision-making environment of PEM,this paper describes the components of GDSS for PEM(PEM-GDSS) and further discusses the basic requirement of PEM-GDSS.展开更多
This article analyzes the application of co-management in establishing and zoning nature reserves, explains two types of participatory models, explains the main content and steps required to implement a co-management ...This article analyzes the application of co-management in establishing and zoning nature reserves, explains two types of participatory models, explains the main content and steps required to implement a co-management program, and suggests future direction of co-management. In China, great progress has been achieved since 1956 when the first nature reserve was established. However, conflicts between nature reserve officials and community members, and differences be-tween conservation and utilization of natural resources suggest that the traditional community affair model is unfit to some de-gree. A more workable and economically sustainable model is recommended. Co-management appears to be the preferred management model. International conservation organizations have carried out projects in Chinese nature reserves in recent years, and co-management is thought to be an effective approach to resolve conflicts coming from community and to improve nature reserves management.展开更多
This paper examines the role and effectiveness of locacal institutions in the management of forest biodiversity in New Dabaga-Ulongambi Forest Reserve, Tanzania. Data were obtained through questionnaires, interviews, ...This paper examines the role and effectiveness of locacal institutions in the management of forest biodiversity in New Dabaga-Ulongambi Forest Reserve, Tanzania. Data were obtained through questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, participatory rural appraisal and field observations. The study revealed that the most remarkable local institutions connected to forest biodiversity management include： Village Natural Resources Man- agement Committee （92%）, tree nursery group （79.4%）, beekeep- ing groups （61.1%）, fish fanning （43.3%）, livestock rearing group （33.9%）. Main activities carried out by local institutions which directly contribute to the sustainability Of forest reserve include： forest patrols, fire extinguish, preparation of fire breaks, plant- ing of trees along the forest boundaries, creation of awareness, arresting of forest defaulters, participation in income generation activities. For the purpose of realization that local communities are capable of managing forest biodiversity through their traditional institutions, the policy should provide tangible opportunity for local communities to meet their needs as they manage the forests.展开更多
Guggal, a threatened species that is endemic to western India, is tapped to extract medicinally important oleo-gum-resin （guggul）. However, the plant dies after gum exudation. The indigenous tapping techniques used ...Guggal, a threatened species that is endemic to western India, is tapped to extract medicinally important oleo-gum-resin （guggul）. However, the plant dies after gum exudation. The indigenous tapping techniques used by local people were examined in Gujarat, India to dis-cover the scientific basis behind these techniques： selection of gum in-ducer, season of tapping, and plant parts to be tapped. First, the presence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. commiphorae （Xac） in the gum suspen-sion used for tapping was established. This bacterium induces gum ooz-ing from the tapped plants and later, causes them to die off. The popula-tion of Xac in gum was found to decrease with the age of the gum. With that, fresh gum increased the tapping success. Second, local people pre-ferred tapping during the warm season, which we validated by determin-ing that Xac growth was best at 30 ＆#176;C. Tapping during September （mean temperature 25.7-30.0 ＆#176;C） clearly favoured growth of the pathogen and yielded maximum guggul. Multiple tapping on a mature tree ensured maximum gum extraction before its death. Finally, application of in-digenous technology under natural plant stands by the local people en-sured availability of this important raw drug for consumption. Our study established that the age-old traditional methods have a strong scientific basis. However, it is imperative to formulate strategies based on con-temporary scientific understanding to protect this natural resource before it becomes extinct.展开更多
Effective risk communication is essential for disaster risk management.Apart from empowering communities to make informed risk choices,risk information disclosure can also drastically enhance their disaster preparedne...Effective risk communication is essential for disaster risk management.Apart from empowering communities to make informed risk choices,risk information disclosure can also drastically enhance their disaster preparedness,especially concerning conjoint scenarios of technological and natural hazards(Natech).A fundamental precondition is the actual demand for such information.This study ventures to assess whether residents around Osaka Bay have this demand,or"appetite,"for risk information disclosure,as well as to understand their communicative behavior and perceived challenges in the Japanese context through the prism of the Situational Theory of Problem Solving.To test this framework under realistic conditions,data were collected through a household questionnaire survey from two urban areas near industrial complexes in Osaka Bay.The results show that identifying Natech risk information deficiency as a problem was not a statistically significant predictor for individuals'motivation to communicate.However,their motivation increased as their perceived personal involvement with the situation rose,while the perceived obstacles in doing something about it exerted a negative influence on their motivation.Individuals'motivation intensified their communicative actions to solve this problem.Public segmentation underscored the elevated public perceptions concerning the issue of risk information deficiency in nearly nine out of ten respondents.These findings indicate a strong community appetite for chemical and Natech risk information,which subsequently led to high situational motivation to engage in communicative action,particularly information acquisition.Risk management policy is suggested to focus on introducing chemical risk information disclosure regulatory initiatives to encourage citizen engagement.展开更多
文摘This study focused on identifying factors affecting the benefits of Participatory Forestry Management (PFM) income generating activities in Upper Imenti Forest and whether they are dependent on status of participation in forest management through membership of Community Forest Association (CFA) or not. Cross-sectional survey research design was applied for collecting quantitative data using a semi-structured questionnaire administered to 384 households stratified on the basis of PFM participation status. Qualitative data was collected through focused group discussions using a checklist and key informant interviews using an interview schedule. Using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25, Binomial regression with Wald Chi-square was analyzed to identify factors perceived to be significantly influencing benefits for PFM participants and Pearson Chi-square to compare factors perceived to be affecting PFM and non-PFM participants. CFA members participation in PFM was significantly and positively affected by benefits of PFM income generating activities and forest products accessed in the forest. Benefits linked to Plantation Establishment for Livelihood Improvement System (PELIS) for CFA members were significantly reduced by enforcement of moratorium policy since February 2018, diseases and pests, poor PELIS guideline adherence and animal damage. Benefits related to state forest access for firewood by the CFA members were negatively influenced by the moratorium policy. Diseases and pests affected benefits associated with bee keeping significantly. Comparing factors under different PFM participation status, crop production was significantly affected by policy changes, pest and diseases, animal damage and PELIS guideline adherence for CFA members than for Non-CFA members. Policy changes also affected the CFA members significantly in firewood collection and access to fodder in the state forest than the Non-CFA members. Hence, sustainable community participation in Upper Imenti Forest management requires: increasing PFM benefits, addressing factors reducing benefits and enhancing active participation of CFA members in PFM related decision-making processes.
文摘Considering some drawbacks of the mainstream approach to environmental management (EM),the conception and basic idea of Participatory EM(PEM) are put forward.PEM possesses some main features and benefits that are superior to the mainstream approach,but also faces the crucial constraint in decision-making.The dilemma can be effectively settled by applying an advanced decision-making support tool-group decision support system(GDSS).On the basis of recognizing the complex decision-making environment of PEM,this paper describes the components of GDSS for PEM(PEM-GDSS) and further discusses the basic requirement of PEM-GDSS.
文摘This article analyzes the application of co-management in establishing and zoning nature reserves, explains two types of participatory models, explains the main content and steps required to implement a co-management program, and suggests future direction of co-management. In China, great progress has been achieved since 1956 when the first nature reserve was established. However, conflicts between nature reserve officials and community members, and differences be-tween conservation and utilization of natural resources suggest that the traditional community affair model is unfit to some de-gree. A more workable and economically sustainable model is recommended. Co-management appears to be the preferred management model. International conservation organizations have carried out projects in Chinese nature reserves in recent years, and co-management is thought to be an effective approach to resolve conflicts coming from community and to improve nature reserves management.
基金TAFORI and Forestry and Beekeeping Division through Participatory Forest Management (PFM)grant for funding this study
文摘This paper examines the role and effectiveness of locacal institutions in the management of forest biodiversity in New Dabaga-Ulongambi Forest Reserve, Tanzania. Data were obtained through questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, participatory rural appraisal and field observations. The study revealed that the most remarkable local institutions connected to forest biodiversity management include： Village Natural Resources Man- agement Committee （92%）, tree nursery group （79.4%）, beekeep- ing groups （61.1%）, fish fanning （43.3%）, livestock rearing group （33.9%）. Main activities carried out by local institutions which directly contribute to the sustainability Of forest reserve include： forest patrols, fire extinguish, preparation of fire breaks, plant- ing of trees along the forest boundaries, creation of awareness, arresting of forest defaulters, participation in income generation activities. For the purpose of realization that local communities are capable of managing forest biodiversity through their traditional institutions, the policy should provide tangible opportunity for local communities to meet their needs as they manage the forests.
基金financially supported by the National Medicinal Plants Board,New Delhi
文摘Guggal, a threatened species that is endemic to western India, is tapped to extract medicinally important oleo-gum-resin （guggul）. However, the plant dies after gum exudation. The indigenous tapping techniques used by local people were examined in Gujarat, India to dis-cover the scientific basis behind these techniques： selection of gum in-ducer, season of tapping, and plant parts to be tapped. First, the presence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. commiphorae （Xac） in the gum suspen-sion used for tapping was established. This bacterium induces gum ooz-ing from the tapped plants and later, causes them to die off. The popula-tion of Xac in gum was found to decrease with the age of the gum. With that, fresh gum increased the tapping success. Second, local people pre-ferred tapping during the warm season, which we validated by determin-ing that Xac growth was best at 30 ＆#176;C. Tapping during September （mean temperature 25.7-30.0 ＆#176;C） clearly favoured growth of the pathogen and yielded maximum guggul. Multiple tapping on a mature tree ensured maximum gum extraction before its death. Finally, application of in-digenous technology under natural plant stands by the local people en-sured availability of this important raw drug for consumption. Our study established that the age-old traditional methods have a strong scientific basis. However, it is imperative to formulate strategies based on con-temporary scientific understanding to protect this natural resource before it becomes extinct.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology of Japan(Monbukagakusho:MEXT Scholarship,2017-2019)。
文摘Effective risk communication is essential for disaster risk management.Apart from empowering communities to make informed risk choices,risk information disclosure can also drastically enhance their disaster preparedness,especially concerning conjoint scenarios of technological and natural hazards(Natech).A fundamental precondition is the actual demand for such information.This study ventures to assess whether residents around Osaka Bay have this demand,or"appetite,"for risk information disclosure,as well as to understand their communicative behavior and perceived challenges in the Japanese context through the prism of the Situational Theory of Problem Solving.To test this framework under realistic conditions,data were collected through a household questionnaire survey from two urban areas near industrial complexes in Osaka Bay.The results show that identifying Natech risk information deficiency as a problem was not a statistically significant predictor for individuals'motivation to communicate.However,their motivation increased as their perceived personal involvement with the situation rose,while the perceived obstacles in doing something about it exerted a negative influence on their motivation.Individuals'motivation intensified their communicative actions to solve this problem.Public segmentation underscored the elevated public perceptions concerning the issue of risk information deficiency in nearly nine out of ten respondents.These findings indicate a strong community appetite for chemical and Natech risk information,which subsequently led to high situational motivation to engage in communicative action,particularly information acquisition.Risk management policy is suggested to focus on introducing chemical risk information disclosure regulatory initiatives to encourage citizen engagement.
