The mathematical and statistical modeling of the problem of poverty is a major challenge given Burundi’s economic development. Innovative economic optimization systems are widely needed to face the problem of the dyn...The mathematical and statistical modeling of the problem of poverty is a major challenge given Burundi’s economic development. Innovative economic optimization systems are widely needed to face the problem of the dynamic of the poverty in Burundi. The Burundian economy shows an inflation rate of -1.5% in 2018 for the Gross Domestic Product growth real rate of 2.8% in 2016. In this research, the aim is to find a model that contributes to solving the problem of poverty in Burundi. The results of this research fill the knowledge gap in the modeling and optimization of the Burundian economic system. The aim of this model is to solve an optimization problem combining the variables of production, consumption, budget, human resources and available raw materials. Scientific modeling and optimal solving of the poverty problem show the tools for measuring poverty rate and determining various countries’ poverty levels when considering advanced knowledge. In addition, investigating the aspects of poverty will properly orient development aid to developing countries and thus, achieve their objectives of growth and the fight against poverty. This paper provides a new and innovative framework for global scientific research regarding the multiple facets of this problem. An estimate of the poverty rate allows good progress with the theory and optimization methods in measuring the poverty rate and achieving sustainable development goals. By comparing the annual food production and the required annual consumption, there is an imbalance between different types of food. Proteins, minerals and vitamins produced in Burundi are sufficient when considering their consumption as required by the entire Burundian population. This positive contribution for the latter comes from the fact that some cows, goats, fishes, ···, slaughtered in Burundi come from neighboring countries. Real production remains in deficit. The lipids, acids, calcium, fibers and carbohydrates produced in Burundi are insufficient for consumption. This negative contribution proves a Burundian food deficit. It is a decision-making indicator for the design and updating of agricultural policy and implementation programs as well as projects. Investment and economic growth are only possible when food security is mastered. The capital allocated to food investment must be revised upwards. Demographic control is also a relevant indicator to push forward Burundi among the emerging countries in 2040. Meanwhile, better understanding of the determinants of poverty by taking cultural and organizational aspects into account guides managers for poverty reduction projects and programs.展开更多
In this paper, a novel optimum island partition model based on Tree Knapsack Problem (TKP) is presented for the distribution system integrated with distributed generation (DG), and a Depth-first Dynamic Programming Al...In this paper, a novel optimum island partition model based on Tree Knapsack Problem (TKP) is presented for the distribution system integrated with distributed generation (DG), and a Depth-first Dynamic Programming Algorithm (DPA) is used to solve this model. With the considerations of the load priority, controlled/uncontrolled loads, and the constraints of power balance, voltage and equipment capacity, the model can meet the practical engineering requirements very well. The island partition problem of the distribution system integrated with multiple DGs is first decomposed into multiple TKPs, each of which is solved by DPA respectively. Then, the initial optimum island partition scheme is gained through an island combination procedure, and the final island partition scheme is obtained after feasibility checking and adjustment. Since the algorithm proposed owns the advantages of strong theoretical foundation and low computational complexity, it can find the approximate optimal solution within a limited time. The results of examples demonstrate the validity of the new model and algorithm.展开更多
文摘The mathematical and statistical modeling of the problem of poverty is a major challenge given Burundi’s economic development. Innovative economic optimization systems are widely needed to face the problem of the dynamic of the poverty in Burundi. The Burundian economy shows an inflation rate of -1.5% in 2018 for the Gross Domestic Product growth real rate of 2.8% in 2016. In this research, the aim is to find a model that contributes to solving the problem of poverty in Burundi. The results of this research fill the knowledge gap in the modeling and optimization of the Burundian economic system. The aim of this model is to solve an optimization problem combining the variables of production, consumption, budget, human resources and available raw materials. Scientific modeling and optimal solving of the poverty problem show the tools for measuring poverty rate and determining various countries’ poverty levels when considering advanced knowledge. In addition, investigating the aspects of poverty will properly orient development aid to developing countries and thus, achieve their objectives of growth and the fight against poverty. This paper provides a new and innovative framework for global scientific research regarding the multiple facets of this problem. An estimate of the poverty rate allows good progress with the theory and optimization methods in measuring the poverty rate and achieving sustainable development goals. By comparing the annual food production and the required annual consumption, there is an imbalance between different types of food. Proteins, minerals and vitamins produced in Burundi are sufficient when considering their consumption as required by the entire Burundian population. This positive contribution for the latter comes from the fact that some cows, goats, fishes, ···, slaughtered in Burundi come from neighboring countries. Real production remains in deficit. The lipids, acids, calcium, fibers and carbohydrates produced in Burundi are insufficient for consumption. This negative contribution proves a Burundian food deficit. It is a decision-making indicator for the design and updating of agricultural policy and implementation programs as well as projects. Investment and economic growth are only possible when food security is mastered. The capital allocated to food investment must be revised upwards. Demographic control is also a relevant indicator to push forward Burundi among the emerging countries in 2040. Meanwhile, better understanding of the determinants of poverty by taking cultural and organizational aspects into account guides managers for poverty reduction projects and programs.
文摘In this paper, a novel optimum island partition model based on Tree Knapsack Problem (TKP) is presented for the distribution system integrated with distributed generation (DG), and a Depth-first Dynamic Programming Algorithm (DPA) is used to solve this model. With the considerations of the load priority, controlled/uncontrolled loads, and the constraints of power balance, voltage and equipment capacity, the model can meet the practical engineering requirements very well. The island partition problem of the distribution system integrated with multiple DGs is first decomposed into multiple TKPs, each of which is solved by DPA respectively. Then, the initial optimum island partition scheme is gained through an island combination procedure, and the final island partition scheme is obtained after feasibility checking and adjustment. Since the algorithm proposed owns the advantages of strong theoretical foundation and low computational complexity, it can find the approximate optimal solution within a limited time. The results of examples demonstrate the validity of the new model and algorithm.
