A Sharding Scheme Based on Graph Partitioning Algorithm for Public Blockchain

Blockchain technology,with its attributes of decentralization,immutability,and traceability,has emerged as a powerful catalyst for enhancing traditional industries in terms of optimizing business processes.However,transaction performance and scalability has become the main challenges hindering the widespread adoption of blockchain.Due to its inability to meet the demands of high-frequency trading,blockchain cannot be adopted in many scenarios.To improve the transaction capacity,researchers have proposed some on-chain scaling technologies,including lightning networks,directed acyclic graph technology,state channels,and shardingmechanisms,inwhich sharding emerges as a potential scaling technology.Nevertheless,excessive cross-shard transactions and uneven shard workloads prevent the sharding mechanism from achieving the expected aim.This paper proposes a graphbased sharding scheme for public blockchain to efficiently balance the transaction distribution.Bymitigating crossshard transactions and evening-out workloads among shards,the scheme reduces transaction confirmation latency and enhances the transaction capacity of the blockchain.Therefore,the scheme can achieve a high-frequency transaction as well as a better blockchain scalability.Experiments results show that the scheme effectively reduces the cross-shard transaction ratio to a range of 35%-56%and significantly decreases the transaction confirmation latency to 6 s in a blockchain with no more than 25 shards.

Effects of Spin Transition and Cation Substitution on the Optical Properties and Iron Partitioning in Carbonate Minerals

The high-pressure behavior of deep carbonate dictates the state and dynamics of oxidized carbon in the Earth's mantle,playing a vital role in the global carbon cycle and potentially influencing long-term climate change.Optical absorption and Raman spectroscopic measurements were carried out on two natural carbonate samples in diamond-anvil cells up to 60 GPa.Mg-substitution in high-spin siderite FeCO_(3)increases the crystal field absorption band position by approximately 1000 cm^(-1),but such an effect is marginal at>40 GPa when entering the low-spin state.The crystal field absorption band of dolomite cannot be recognized upon compression to 45.8 GPa at room temperature but,in contrast,the high-pressure polymorph of dolomite exhibits a strong absorption band at frequencies higher than(Mg,Fe)CO_(3)in the lowspin state by 2000–2500 cm^(-1).Additionally,these carbonate minerals show more complicated features for the absorption edge,decreasing with pressure and undergoing a dramatic change through the spin crossover.The optical and vibrational properties of carbonate minerals are highly correlated with iron content and spin transition,indicating that iron is preferentially partitioned into low-spin carbonates.These results shed new light on how carbonate minerals evolve in the mantle,which is crucial to decode the deep carbon cycle.

Slope deformation partitioning and monitoring points optimization based on cluster analysis

The scientific and fair positioning of monitoring locations for surface displacement on slopes is a prerequisite for early warning and forecasting.However,there is no specific provision on how to effectively determine the number and location of monitoring points according to the actual deformation characteristics of the slope.There are still some defects in the layout of monitoring points.To this end,based on displacement data series and spatial location information of surface displacement monitoring points,by combining displacement series correlation and spatial distance influence factors,a spatial deformation correlation calculation model of slope based on clustering analysis was proposed to calculate the correlation between different monitoring points,based on which the deformation area of the slope was divided.The redundant monitoring points in each partition were eliminated based on the partition's outcome,and the overall optimal arrangement of slope monitoring points was then achieved.This method scientifically addresses the issues of slope deformation zoning and data gathering overlap.It not only eliminates human subjectivity from slope deformation zoning but also increases the efficiency and accuracy of slope monitoring.In order to verify the effectiveness of the method,a sand-mudstone interbedded CounterTilt excavation slope in the Chongqing city of China was used as the research object.Twenty-four monitoring points deployed on this slope were monitored for surface displacement for 13 months.The spatial location of the monitoring points was discussed.The results show that the proposed method of slope deformation zoning and the optimized placement of monitoring points are feasible.

Assessing Criteria Weights by the Symmetry Point of Criterion (Novel SPC Method)–Application in the Efficiency Evaluation of the Mineral Deposit Multi-Criteria Partitioning Algorithm

Information about the relative importance of each criterion or theweights of criteria can have a significant influence on the ultimate rank of alternatives.Accordingly,assessing the weights of criteria is a very important task in solving multi-criteria decision-making problems.Three methods are commonly used for assessing the weights of criteria:objective,subjective,and integrated methods.In this study,an objective approach is proposed to assess the weights of criteria,called SPCmethod(Symmetry Point of Criterion).This point enriches the criterion so that it is balanced and easy to implement in the process of the evaluation of its influence on decision-making.The SPC methodology is systematically presented and supported by detailed calculations related to an artificial example.To validate the developed method,we used our numerical example and calculated the weights of criteria by CRITIC,Entropy,Standard Deviation and MEREC methods.Comparative analysis between these methods and the SPC method reveals that the developedmethod is a very reliable objective way to determine the weights of criteria.Additionally,in this study,we proposed the application of SPCmethod to evaluate the efficiency of themulti-criteria partitioning algorithm.The main idea of the evaluation is based on the following fact:the greater the uniformity of the weights of criteria,the higher the efficiency of the partitioning algorithm.The research demonstrates that the SPC method can be applied to solving different multi-criteria problems.

2D Minimum Compliance Topology Optimization Based on a Region Partitioning Strategy

This paper presents an extended sequential element rejection and admission(SERA)topology optimizationmethod with a region partitioning strategy.Based on the partitioning of a design domain into solid regions and weak regions,the proposed optimizationmethod sequentially implements finite element analysis(FEA)in these regions.After standard FEA in the solid regions,the boundary displacement of the weak regions is constrained using the numerical solution of the solid regions as Dirichlet boundary conditions.This treatment can alleviate the negative effect of the material interpolation model of the topology optimization method in the weak regions,such as the condition number of the structural global stiffness matrix.For optimization,in which the forward problem requires nonlinear structural analysis,a linear solver can be applied in weak regions to avoid numerical singularities caused by the over-deformedmesh.To enhance the robustness of the proposedmethod,the nonmanifold point and island are identified and handled separately.The performance of the proposed method is verified by three 2D minimum compliance examples.

Hybrid Graph Partitioning with OLB Approach in Distributed Transactions

Online Transaction Processing(OLTP)gets support from data partitioning to achieve better performance and scalability.The primary objective of database and application developers is to provide scalable and reliable database systems.This research presents a novel method for data partitioning and load balancing for scalable transactions.Data is efficiently partitioned using the hybrid graph partitioning method.Optimized load balancing(OLB)approach is applied to calculate the weight factor,average workload,and partition efficiency.The presented approach is appropriate for various online data transaction applications.The quality of the proposed approach is examined using OLTP database benchmark.The performance of the proposed methodology significantly outperformed with respect to metrics like throughput,response time,and CPU utilization.

Purification of Moringa oleifera Leaves Protease by Three-Phase Partitioning and Investigation of Its Potential Antibacterial Activity

One of plant-based products for dental care is plant-based proteolytic enzymes which are principally proteases. In order not to damage the protein and bioactive content, an efficient method should be employed for their purifications. As such, three-phase partitioning (TPP) was used to purify protease from moringa (Moringa oleifera). TPP is an emerging, promising, non-chromatographic and economical technology which is simple, quick, efficient and often one-step process for the separation and purification of bioactive molecules from natural sources. It involves the addition of salt (ammonium sulphate) to the crude extract followed by the addition of an organic solvent (butanol). The protein appears as an interfacial precipitate between upper organic solvent and lower aqueous phases. The various conditions such as ammonium sulphate, ratio of crude extract to t-butanol and pH which are required for attaining efficient purification of the protease fractions were optimized. Under optimized conditions, it was seen that, 35% of ammonium sulphate saturation with 1:0.75 ratio of crude extract to t-butanol at pH 7 gave 4.94-fold purification with 96.20% activity yield of protease in the middle phase of the TPP system. The purified enzyme from Moringa oleifera has no antimicrobial effect on the pathogenic bacteria tested. However, this purified enzyme, can be considered as a promising agent, cheap, and safe source which is suitable for using in various industries.

基于CatBoost算法的配电网分区拓扑辨识

含多分布式电源配电网的拓扑结构具有多样性与多变性,影响拓扑辨识的实时性和准确性。提出一种基于CatBoost算法的配电网分区拓扑辨识方法。构建结合拓扑分区的配电网拓扑辨识框架,采用区域开关状态矩阵描述拓扑结构,以进行物理上的辨识降维;提出基于CatBoost算法的特征选择与拓扑辨识方法,通过分区并行离线训练得到历史拓扑和未知拓扑的区域拓扑辨识CatBoost模型,通过在线应用得到实时的区域开关状态矩阵标签,形成配电网开关状态矩阵,实现系统拓扑辨识。配电网算例系统测试结果验证了所提方法的有效性。

基于计算机视觉的公路边坡裂缝监测方法

为及时发现裂缝问题并减少潜在的危害,提出一种公路边坡裂缝的自动监测方法。以公路边坡裂缝为研究对象,针对裂缝图像形态不规则、周边环境干扰大的特点,设计了公路边坡裂缝分割网络(slope cracks segmentation network,SCSNet)和公路边坡裂缝几何参数计算方法。该网络首先采用编码器逐渐捕获更高层次的语义特征,其次采用解码器通过逐渐恢复空间信息并结合跳跃连接融合不同尺度间的信息,然后利用通道注意力机制,学习每个通道间的特征,增强裂缝的特征表达。另外,提出参数计算方法,基于连通域分析得到裂缝连通域,并计算裂缝长度、宽度、面积几何参数。实验结果表明:裂缝分割网络的平均交并比达87.86%,该网络能较好地提取公路边坡裂缝特征;裂缝几何参数计算方法能较准确地测算裂缝的当前状态。

基于系统聚类法的含新能源电力系统分区策略

为实现含新能源电力系统的惯量分布特性的有效评估,提出一种基于系统聚类法的含新能源电力系统分区策略。首先分析新能源机组惯量与同步机组惯量之间的差异;其次构建节点惯量响应模型,分析节点惯量相关因素的特性;然后通过主成分分析对影响节点惯量的主导变量进行降维,将降维后的变量应用系统聚类法对节点进行聚类分区;最后通过系统辨识得到区域惯量,评判出整个系统惯量的空间分布。在仿真软件中搭建改进的IEEE 10机39节点模型验证了分区策略的合理性。

基于高低温分区热管网络的高轨通信卫星散热能力提升方法

针对我国高轨通信卫星不断提升的散热需求,提出采用基于高低温分区热管网络的热设计方法。在分析热管网络散热能力的基础上,进行设备分区布局设计、分区热管网络散热面设计和分区热管网络布局设计。该方法可在保证卫星仪器设备工作温度、不降低热设计可靠性、不增加分系统重量及功率需求的前提下,将卫星散热能力提升15%~20%。文章还结合近些年通信卫星研制中的经验和教训,归纳给出高低温分区热管网络设计中的注意事项,以期为相关工程设计提供有效指导。

替雷利珠单抗较索拉非尼作为晚期不可切除肝细胞癌一线治疗的成本-效用分析

目的对比替雷利珠单抗与索拉非尼用于治疗一线治疗晚期不可切除肝细胞癌的成本-效用,从药物经济学的角度为治疗方案选择提供参考。方法采用分区生存模型,模拟10年内患者使用替雷利珠单抗或者索拉非尼的生存状态,分别计算成本和健康产出,获得增量成本效用比(ICUR)。以3倍的2022年我国人均国内生产总值(GDP)为意愿支付阈值(WTP)。结果在模拟期限内,替雷利珠单抗与索拉非尼方案ICUR为280691.4元/质量调整生命年(QALY),显著高于索拉非尼组,具有明显的经济性。单因素敏感性分析显示,替雷利珠单抗组三级以上不良反应发生率、替雷利珠单抗费用,索拉非尼组三级以上不良反应发生率是影响ICUR的重要因素。概率敏感性分析显示,在WTP为3倍GDP时,替雷利珠单抗有显著成本-效用优势,经济概率为81.4%,结果稳健。结论对于一线治疗晚期不可切除肝细胞癌,替雷利珠单抗比索拉非尼具有显著成本-效用优势。

量子近似优化算法在数字分区问题中的应用

量子近似优化算法(QAOA)是一种近似求解组合优化问题的方法,它通过反复调整电路参数,以获取问题哈密顿量的最大期望值为目的来解决问题,在组合优化问题领域具有广阔的应用前景。将QAOA应用于数字分区问题(二分区问题),通过将问题函数转换成对应的哈密顿量,构造了量子线路,采用线性近似约束优化(COBYLA)方法对电路参数进行了优化,并使用IBMQ模拟平台进行了模拟实验。研究发现量子近似优化算法在数字分区问题中有着良好的性能表现,可在多项式时间内给出问题的解,并且降低了问题的时间复杂度。

考虑次生故障差异化影响下韧性主动提升的输电系统网架重构策略

近年来,我国能源电力加速转型,极端自然灾害频发,国际形势不稳定,使得常规安全风险与非常规安全风险交织,大停电风险有增加的趋势。稳健可靠的网架重构方案对防止恢复中再次发生系统崩溃具有重要意义,针对当前研究中未有效计及恢复中次生故障的不足,该文提出一种考虑次生故障差异化影响下系统韧性主动提升的网架重构策略。首先,讨论在网架重构恢复方案中考虑次生故障影响的必要性;然后,基于分割多目标风险分析方法提出一种系统韧性指标,旨在差异化处理次生故障并突出高风险故障对恢复过程的影响;进一步建立考虑韧性主动提升的网架重构全局优化模型,以增强系统对高风险故障的抵御能力。为提高模型的求解效率,提出一种基于窗口滚动机制的求解策略,可给出兼顾快速性与稳健性的网架重构方案。最后,采用新英格兰10机39节点系统和IEEE 118节点系统验证所提出方法的有效性。

多分隔受限场景空间火灾疏散安全性分析

为了优化密室逃脱类场所的复杂空间布局,基于该场所剧情场景下空间多重分隔、空间狭小、封闭且组合多样等结构特点,分析归纳该场所3种典型的受限场景空间类型,以西安市某密室逃脱类场所建筑布局为例,运用Pathfinder和PyroSim软件对其展开火灾情景下的疏散模拟仿真,进而对比分析不同场景空间的火灾特性指标以及疏散安全性。研究结果表明:密室逃脱类场所3种场景空间中,串联式场景空间人员疏散时间最长(141.53 s),单元式次之(115.53 s),并联式最短(112.28 s);从火灾烟气模拟结果看,串联式场景空间安全出口的温度、CO体积分数以及能见度始终都处于安全临界范围内,而其他2种场景空间均超过临界值,并且能见度降至0.06 m,因此从安全性判定,该密室逃脱类场所只有串联式场景空间人员疏散过程是安全的,并联式和单元式场景空间人员疏散过程中均存在一定危险性。对于密室逃脱类场所这种特定狭小空间,烟气的危害对人员安全疏散的影响尤为显著,因此要在防排烟和火灾荷载方面进行重点防控。研究结果可为密室逃脱类场所的空间结构优化提供消防指导。

阿帕替尼联合多柔比星二线治疗铂类耐药的复发性卵巢癌的成本-效果分析

目的从中国卫生体系角度评价阿帕替尼联合多柔比星二线治疗铂类药物耐药的复发性卵巢癌(OC)的经济性。方法基于APPROVE试验和相关文献数据构建三状态分区生存模型,模型模拟时限为10年,循环周期为4周,成本和效果的贴现率为5%。以成本和质量调整生命年(QALYs)作为模型产出指标并计算增量成本-效果比(ICER),评价阿帕替尼联合多柔比星对比多柔比星单独化疗二线治疗铂类药物耐药的复发性OC的经济性,并采用单因素敏感性分析、概率敏感性分析以及情境分析验证基础分析结果的稳健性。结果基础分析结果表明,与单独化疗相比,阿帕替尼联合多柔比星方案的ICER为124678.25元/QALY,低于本研究设定的意愿支付(WTP)阈值(3倍我国2022年人均国内生产总值257094元)。情境分析结果显示,随着模拟时限的延长,阿帕替尼联合多柔比星方案的ICER逐渐降低,降幅逐渐减小,均低于本研究设定的WTP阈值。单因素敏感性分析结果显示,对ICER影响程度最大的因素包括疾病进展状态效用值、体表面积、贴现率和最佳支持治疗成本等。概率敏感性分析结果表明,在本研究设定的WTP阈值下,阿帕替尼联合多柔比星方案具有经济性的概率超过99%。结论从中国卫生体系角度,以3倍我国2022年人均国内生产总值为WTP阈值,阿帕替尼联合多柔比星对比多柔比星单独化疗二线治疗铂类药物耐药的复发性OC更具经济性。

论资管产品“资产分隔保护”之实现

信托财产的所有权权属问题一直是学界争议的焦点。《中华人民共和国信托法》关于信托财产的所有权是否由委托人转移给受托人使用了“委托给”一词,《关于规范金融机构资产管理业务的指导意见》沿用了“委托”这一表述,但依然没有给信托、委托之争一个明确的答案。在目前资管行业尚没有一部统一的上位法作为支撑且资管财产所有权规定不明晰的情况下,以一种功能主义的立场跳出“信托”和“委托”之争,明确“资产分隔保护”才是资管业务的核心所在。目前的监管要求或资管业务实践实际上已经或者着力打造了一种与受托金融机构、融资方均能实现破产隔离的载体,该载体持有特定现金流资产,并专属满足对投资者(受益人)的偿付,从而较为充分地实现了投资者(受益人)利益的保护。

考虑恐慌行人和多救援人员分区引导的疏散研究

为了探究紧急情况下多救援人员对恐慌行人疏散的影响,建立了一个考虑恐慌行人和多救援人员分区引导的元胞自动机扩展模型。首先,在模型中引入了恐慌因子Pm(t)定量反应恐慌情绪对行人疏散的影响;然后,考虑当多个救援人员存在时,协作开展分区救援的行为;最后,通过仿真重点分析了恐慌情绪阈值、救援人员数量及危险源位置对疏散动力学的影响。结果表明:恐慌情绪阈值和危险源位置显著影响人群的恐慌传播过程和疏散过程;救援人员的引导提高了疏散效率;当多名救援人员存在时,实行分区引导更有利于疏散;出现救援人数不足时,根据危险源的位置和恐慌传播过程对疏散的影响合理地分配救援人员能够提高疏散效率。

基于碎片化分区的桥梁网络震后修复优先级分析与优化

为了研究区域性桥梁的抗震优化问题,针对城市桥梁网络的震后修复优先级,引入基于交通密度的网络碎片化分区方法(FaDPa),提出了考虑恢复性和经济性的双重韧性指标,并针对震后短时抢救以及长时修复的时段特征引入了分阶段优化方法,尤其在长时修复阶段基于不同的修复需求对其进行了分时期处理;在抢险救灾阶段和长时修复阶段分别融入碎片化理论,前者以恢复韧性、时间为目标对抢救顺序进行优化,后者以综合韧性、碎片恢复性、时间对修复顺序进行优化。研究结果表明:基于密度的碎片化理论对桥梁网络不同修复阶段的地震损伤程度做出了不同的划分,此基础上展开的分阶段修复工作在抢险救灾过程中对其综合韧性提升程度达到52.3%,在长期修复过程中不影响韧性优化的前提下增加了碎片恢复性,其功能水平提升可达20.3%;修复优化阶段,经过考虑不同修复方向的双重韧性指标以及分时期处理的优化理论可以根据决策者的需求进行灵活调整,且面临不同修复环境时都具有一定的适应性。

考虑非结构构件的木结构古建筑抗震性能研究综述

木结构古建筑是我国文物建筑的主体,它以木材为主要承重构件,具有深厚的历史文化价值。本文根据已有研究,从结构试验、数值模拟、抗震性能评估方法 3个方面,总结了含有隔墙、隔扇、雀替等非结构构件的古木建筑抗震性能研究现状。研究表明,非结构构件可以限制榫卯节点拔榫,改善节点受力,不同程度提高结构的强度、刚度和耗能能力,降低了结构在地震作用下坍塌的概率。最后结合我国木结构古建筑的研究现状以及与其他国家的研究差异,给出了未来木结构古建筑抗震性能的可能研究方向。