Characteristics and demographic factors of traditional Chinese medicine constitution types among elderly individuals in China:A national multistage cluster random study Author links open overlay panel

Objective To reveal the distribution characteristics and demographic factors of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution among elderly individuals in China.Methods Elderly individuals from seven regions in China were selected as samples in this study using a multistage cluster random sampling method.The basic information questionnaire and Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(Elderly Edition)were used.Descriptive statistical analysis,chi-squared tests,and binary logistic regression analysis were used.Results The single balanced constitution(BC)accounted for 23.9%.The results of the major TCM constitution types showed that BC(43.2%)accounted for the largest proportion and unbalanced constitutions ranged from 0.9%to 15.7%.East China region(odds ratio[OR]=2.097;95%confidence interval[CI],1.912 to 2.301),married status(OR=1.341;95%CI,1.235 to 1.457),and managers(OR=1.254;95%CI,1.044 to 1.505)were significantly associated with BC.Age>70 years was associated with qi-deficiency constitution and blood stasis constitution(BSC).Female sex was significantly associated with yang-deficiency constitution(OR=1.646;95%CI,1.52 to 1.782).Southwest region was significantly associated with phlegm-dampness constitution(OR=1.809;95%CI,1.569 to 2.086).North China region was significantly associated with inherited special constitution(OR=2.521;95%CI,1.569 to 4.05).South China region(OR=2.741;95%CI,1.997 to 1.3.763),Central China region(OR=8.889;95%CI,6.676 to 11.835),senior middle school education(OR=2.442;95%CI,1.932 to 3.088),and managers(OR=1.804;95%CI,1.21 to 2.69)were significantly associated with BSC.Conclusions This study defined the distribution characteristics and demographic factors of TCM constitution in the elderly population.Adjusting and improving unbalanced constitutions,which are correlated with diseases,can help promote healthy aging through the scientific management of these demographic factors.

Constitution identification model in traditional Chinese medicine based on multiple features

Objective To construct a precise model for identifying traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutions;thereby offering optimized guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment plan-ning;and ultimately enhancing medical efficiency and treatment outcomes.Methods First;TCM full-body inspection data acquisition equipment was employed to col-lect full-body standing images of healthy people;from which the constitutions were labelled and defined in accordance with the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(CCMQ);and a dataset encompassing labelled constitutions was constructed.Second;heat-suppres-sion valve(HSV)color space and improved local binary patterns(LBP)algorithm were lever-aged for the extraction of features such as facial complexion and body shape.In addition;a dual-branch deep network was employed to collect deep features from the full-body standing images.Last;the random forest(RF)algorithm was utilized to learn the extracted multifea-tures;which were subsequently employed to establish a TCM constitution identification mod-el.Accuracy;precision;and F1 score were the three measures selected to assess the perfor-mance of the model.Results It was found that the accuracy;precision;and F1 score of the proposed model based on multifeatures for identifying TCM constitutions were 0.842;0.868;and 0.790;respectively.In comparison with the identification models that encompass a single feature;either a single facial complexion feature;a body shape feature;or deep features;the accuracy of the model that incorporating all the aforementioned features was elevated by 0.105;0.105;and 0.079;the precision increased by 0.164;0.164;and 0.211;and the F1 score rose by 0.071;0.071;and 0.084;respectively.Conclusion The research findings affirmed the viability of the proposed model;which incor-porated multifeatures;including the facial complexion feature;the body shape feature;and the deep feature.In addition;by employing the proposed model;the objectification and intel-ligence of identifying constitutions in TCM practices could be optimized.

Twenty Years of the Implementation of the Human Rights Clause in the Constitution:Achievements,Implications,and Research Topics

On March 14,2004,the Second Session of the 10th National People’s Congress of China adopted the fourth amendment to the Chinese Constitution,the most noticeable highlight of which is the addition of the paragraph“the state respects and protects human rights”as the third clause in Article 33 of Chapter II“Basic Rights and Obligations of Citizens”in the Constitution.The inclusion of the clause of human rights in the Constitution is considered an important milestone in the history of human rights development in the People’s Republic of China.The implementation of the human rights clause not only showcases the values of the Party and the state in respecting and protecting human rights,but also promotes the development of human rights,shapes the culture of human rights,and endows the rule of law with a rich humanistic spirit.Over the past 20 years,the publicity,research and practice of the human rights clause have made the Chi-nese people realize that human rights are not only a“great term”,but also a common value shared by mankind.Amid the once-in-a-century changes of the world,although the development of human rights is facing various challenges,the humanistic spirit contained in the hu-man rights clause has become the internal driving force for building consensus in the whole of society.Reinterpreting the significance and value of the human rights clause can help us conscientiously draw on the experience in the implementation of the clause over the past 20 years and contribute Chinese wisdom and experience to global human rights governance with a more open mind and inclusive attitude.

The Connotations of the Constitutional Clause on Human Rights Protection From the Perspective of Foreign-related Rule of Law

The inclusion of the human rights clause in the Chi-nese Constitution is the core normative manifestation of the constitu-tionalization of human rights,and points to the relationship between international law and the Constitution in the sense of positive law.The inclusion of the human rights clauses in the Chinese Constitution itself is an inherent part of the development of China’s socialist constitution,and socialism has already contributed valuable concepts and practices of human rights protection to the modern world in its early stage.The constitutionalization of human rights protection does not necessarily lead to the superiority of international law over the constitutional order of a country,but rather to the convergence of international law and domestic law through the constitutional order.The relevant rules of international law will be effective only when they are transformed into domestic law through the Constitution and the human rights clause in the Constitution.Correspondingly,the domestic legal order is brought into line with the international legal order through the Con-stitution and its human rights clause.Behind the system of fundamen-tal rights in the constitutional order is the value foundation of the en-tire legal system.The advancement of foreign-related rule of law has brought new opportunities for China’s judicial practice to further pro-mote the protection of human rights.In the future,we should further integrate the human rights values embedded in socialism into China’s constitutional practice,enhance human rights protection around the country,and take a more active part in global human rights gover-nance.

聚氨酯泡沫注浆修复材料泡孔结构特征及抗压性能研究进展

聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)注浆修复材料以轻质高强、快凝高膨胀等优势,在基础设施修复加固领域得到了广泛的应用。抗压性能是工程修复材料十分重要的力学指标之一,而材料的微观结构对其宏观力学行为有决定性影响。近年来,国内外专家学者对PUF注浆修复材料的微观结构特性和抗压性能进行了大量研究,但尚未见到系统性总结。本文介绍了PUF注浆修复材料的定义及反应过程,综述了其微观泡孔结构特性、压缩应力-应变关系和本构模型,从宏微观角度讨论了其变形和破坏机理,总结了密度、试件尺寸、应变率和特殊环境工况对压缩性能的影响机理及规律,最后展望了PUF注浆修复材料未来的研究方向。

Constitutional Nature of Personality Rights and Its Manifestation in Civil Law

The formation of personality comes from people’s choices and pursuit of self-realization,which is influenced by objective factors but not determined by them,so personality does not belong to the domain of objectivity.The concept of general personality rights in the German Constitution was initially premised on the objective determinability in the field of personality,but in constitutional jurisprudence,it gradually shifted to something with individual autonomy as the core and personal self-realization as the goal,and the scope of relevant rights expanded accordingly,so that they could not be clearly distinguished from general freedom of action and thus became the general principle of constitutional rights.The protection of constitutional personality rights in the United States and Japan can also confirm this process,providing evidence for the constitutional nature of personality rights.Deeper research shows that constitutional personality rights actually manifest the highest value of modern constitutions—human dignity.In contrast,the theoretical justification of personality rights in civil law just lies in the objectivity and defensive nature of personality elements.

Why The Constitution Should Protect Personal Credit Information?——An Approach of Right Argumentation

Protecting personal credit information through constitutional rights is not only essemtial for individuals to defend against infringements on their personal credit information rights and interests by public power in the social credit system,but also a requirement for unified legislation on social credit to explore the basis for constitutional norms.In the era of the credit economy,personal credit information has become a vital resource for realizing personal autonomy.Along with the increase in the state’s supervision and control of personal credit,the realization of the autonomous value in the interests related to personal credit information has also set more obligations for the state.Therefore,interests related to personal credit information should be regarded as a constitutional right.Because of its significant economic interest and value,the right to personal credit information should be classified as a constitutional property right.As a constitutional property right,the right to personal credit information can not only help protect people’s economic interests,but also achieve the goal of safeguarding their personality interests.

Comparative Study on Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Through the Perspective of Constitution Theory in Huangdi Neijing and Hippocrates Corpus

This article compares the constitution theory of Huangdi Neijing 《黄帝内经》 and Hippocrates Corpus 《希波克拉底文集》 from three aspects:theory,philosophical ideas,and influence on later generations,to analyze the similarities and differences between two medical systems representing TCM and Western medicine in their early stages of origin.From the comparison and analysis of two books’ history,specific theories in constitution,philosophical characteristics and values in history,we can have a deeper perspective to compare TCM and Western medicine,and have a clearer idea for the development of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

The Concept of Human Rights in the Constitution and Its Functional Significance

To practice the constitutional provision that “The state respects and protects human rights”, we should clarify its connotation. The understanding of human rights is a natural requirement and the key. In domestic academia, human rights are considered natural rights and interpreted as “moral rights that everyone should enjoy as a human being”, hoping to provide theoretical support for the development of the system centered on the basic rights of citizens in China.Although it reveals the universal moral connotation of human rights, it does not cover the normative connotation of human rights as common international standards. Therefore, it is impossible to fully clarify the functional significance of the provision. It is conducive to scientifically clarifying the relationship between human rights and basic civil rights,better improving the institutional protection of human rights in China,and promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind to interpret human rights as common international standards that everyone should enjoy for human dignity based on the development of the international legal order under the Charter of the United Nations since the end of the World War Ⅱ.

基于尿液代谢组学的小儿积滞体质代谢特征分析

目的基于超高效液相色谱-四级杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱联用(UPLC-QE-MS)技术的尿液代谢组学方法,寻找与小儿积滞体质相关的潜在生物标志物,探究积滞体质形成的代谢特征。方法依照侯江红教授制定的中医儿童体质分型与判定标准,纳入积滞体质与健康体质志愿者各30例。采集两组志愿者的尿液样品,利用UPLC-QE-MS技术进行尿液样品检测和数据采集,结合无监督的主成分分析法(PCA)和正交信号校正的偏最小二乘判别分析法(OPLS-DA)统计处理数据,以变量投影重要度(VIP)>1,P<0.05为卡值标准筛选积滞体潜在生物标志物,将筛选得到的差异代谢物导入到KEGG数据库,通过富集和拓扑分析,寻找相关性最强的关键途径。结果积滞体质与健康体质OPLS-DA得分图表明两种体质之间存在明显差异。在正、负离子模式下共鉴定出43个与积滞体质相关的潜在生物标志物,其中3个标志物涉及色氨酸代谢、脂肪酸代谢等5条通路。结论积滞体质潜在生物标志物主要参与苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸代谢,脂肪酸代谢,β-丙氨酸代谢,烟酸和烟酰氨代谢,嘧啶代谢等途径,对机体的影响与积滞体质免疫力低下、易感冒、大便干结、易口疮和苔腻等状态相符,为儿童体质分型和判定标准提供客观化依据。

城市行政区划优化调整的法治逻辑与实践构想

城市是我国经济、政治、文化、社会等方面活动的中心,城市治理现代化是实现国家治理现代化和中国式现代化的重要环节。改革开放以来,政策调控所形成的城市格局已经不能适应当下的城市发展进程以及未来的国家发展战略定位,部分城市的行政区划设置并不完全符合宪法的具体规范与法治化要求。为了满足现代化的城市治理需求,城市行政区划优化调整的法治化已成必然。当前城市行政区划在区划建制、行政区域划分、行政层级设置等方面存在的规范问题,应当以《宪法》为根本依据、以法律为具体支撑,在法治轨道上进行优化调整的实践构想,以期实现行政区划制度体系的完善与城市治理的高效,更好发挥城市的辐射带动作用,实现区域协调和高质量发展。

岭南地区亚健康人群睡眠状况与中医体质类型的相关性研究

【目的】探究岭南地区亚健康人群睡眠状况与中医体质类型的相关性。【方法】选取2022年5月~2023年5月于深圳市宝安区中医院治未病中心就诊的688例在深圳市居住5年以上,无严重心血管疾病,经亚健康人群评定量表评定为亚健康的人群为研究对象,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表、中医体质评定量表对其进行问卷调查,并将其睡眠状况与中医体质类型进行多元线性回归分析。【结果】(1)调查问卷发放回收情况:共发放688份问卷,其中,失访19份,回收669份,剔除无效问卷29份,最终共纳入有效问卷640份。(2)不同睡眠状况人群的PSQI量表评分情况:根据PSQI量表得分情况将人群分为睡眠优组(PSQI总分<8分)350例和睡眠差组(PSQI总分≥8分)290例,组间比较,睡眠优组的入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠障碍得分以及总分均明显低于睡眠差组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(3)不同睡眠状况人群的中医体质类别分布情况:睡眠优者多表现为平和质(86.86%),睡眠差者多表现为偏颇体质(79.64%)。睡眠差人群中,偏颇体质排前3位的分别是湿热质(15.52%)、痰湿质(13.79%)以及气郁质(13.10%)。(4)多元线性回归分析结果显示,入睡时间与痰湿质、气郁质呈正相关(P<0.01),与平和质呈负相关(P<0.05);睡眠效率与湿热质、特禀质呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),与平和质呈负相关(P<0.05);睡眠障碍与气郁质、阴虚质呈正相关(P<0.01);催眠药物与阴虚质呈正相关(P<0.01);日间功能障碍与痰湿质呈正相关(P<0.05)。【结论】岭南地区亚健康人群睡眠状况与其中医体质类型具有一定相关性,湿热质、痰湿质、气郁质、阴虚质、平和质、特禀质是影响睡眠状况主要的6种中医体质类别;结合中医体质辨识指导亚健康人群通过改善其体质从而达到未病先防的目的是很有意义的。

高温高应变率下钛合金Ti6Al4V的动态力学行为及本构关系

采用分离式霍普金森压杆实验技术,研究了钛合金Ti6Al4V在温度为25~800℃、应变速率为2 000~7 000 s-1的冲击压缩下的动态力学行为和微观组织演变,分析了其力学响应的温度依赖性和应变率敏感性,构建了可准确表征材料塑性流动行为的修正Johnson-Cook模型。结果表明,Ti6Al4V具有显著的应变硬化、应变率强化、应变率增塑和温度软化效应。随着加载温度和应变率的升高,材料的应变硬化效应减弱。温度敏感性随加载温度的升高而显著降低。应变率敏感性因子与加载温度呈负相关,随真实应变的增大呈下降趋势。高温高应变率下细小等轴α相、拉长型α相和块状α相取代初始等轴α相成为Ti6Al4V微观组织的典型特征。考虑率-温耦合作用和绝热温升影响的修正Johnson-Cook模型能够准确地预测Ti6Al4V的塑性流动应力-应变响应。

论地理标志构成要素的认定

我国将建立的统一地理标志制度,应以保障特色产品的品质,保护生产者、经营者和消费者利益,促进特色产品经济发展为目的。正确认定地理标志的构成要素对于该制度的建立具有决定性意义。结合国际公约并借鉴国外经验,分析地理标志构成要素认定中的客观性与多样性问题。产品品质特征具有稳定性与演化性,对其的认定应具有客观性并体现多样性。声誉作为地理标志产品的特征,应从其与产品客观品质的关系角度来认定。对于地理“标志”应采用《TRIPS协定》的开放式规定。产地的自然或人文因素、产地范围、产品品质特征是三个互动制约的客观因素。在地理标志构成要素的认定中,应保障相关利益方的充分参与,以保证认定的客观性并更好地保护相关主体的利益。

法律权力概念辩疑

权力是法律主体通过实施法律所规定宣告式言语行为、从而产生法律地位的资格,这里的法律地位与宣告式言语行为所包含的意愿相一致。法律权力概念具有普遍性,并非是由公法所专享的概念。法律权力既可以改变法律主体自身的法律地位,也可以改变他人的法律地位,且不以他人的同意为必要条件。法律权力具有构成性,它的核心在于使得行为人的意愿产生与之一致的法律地位,而不在于对行为人表达该意愿的行为加以规制。法律权力即便有时可以作为法律权利的构成因素,也不能将之视为法律权利的特殊形态,两者的内涵具有明显的差别。

新《体育法》的宪法基础及其展开

2022年6月24日通过,2023年1月1日起施行的新《体育法》,是对1995年颁布实施的旧《体育法》的全面修订。新《体育法》以宪法精神为指引,以宪法原则和规范为遵循,坚持依宪立法、科学立法原则,将宪法关于中国共产党的领导和以人民为中心的基本精神贯穿于《体育法》修改全过程。宪法是新《体育法》制度构建的根本法基础,新《体育法》是对宪法意涵的丰富与展开。新《体育法》在立法目的的规定上更加集中、全面、准确地反映了“宪法根据”的要求;新《体育法》通过规定弘扬中华体育精神、培育中华体育文化,实现了宪法确立的社会主义核心价值观在体育立法上的转化;新《体育法》以宪法关于公民权利条款为基础,在保障公民体育权利方面有较为明显的进步;新《体育法》以宪法规定的“共享”理念为指导,细化了体育促进共同富裕的路径与措施;新《体育法》通过规定推进体育强国和健康中国建设,落实宪法关于现代化强国建设和保护人民健康的国家发展目标。

论我国对法律的合宪性审查

长期以来,受观念、制度、程序等因素影响,对法律进行合宪性审查的制度推进较为缓慢。在党的二十大报告正式提出“健全保证宪法全面实施的制度体系”的背景下,落实对法律的合宪性审查,从学理上还是实践中对于完善我国的宪法监督制度都具有重大的意义。要依托法律草案合宪性说明制度,强化对法律草案的合宪性审查工作,还要根据我国宪法监督体制对法律实施阶段的合宪性审查设计科学、合理、可行的机制和程序,构建从事前到事后的全过程的合宪性审查环节,实现对法律是否合宪的有效监督。对法律的合宪性审查有利于保障宪法权威和法治统一,推进宪法全面实施,加快建设社会主义法治国家。

静力荷载作用下微观负泊松比锚杆的本构模型

微观负泊松比(NPR)锚杆具有高应力和高均匀延伸的力学特性,但其本构模型的研究还不够深入。故对此开展了静力荷载作用下微观NPR锚杆的拉伸试验,研究了静力拉伸过程中微观NPR锚杆的应变场演化规律,得到了静力荷载作用下微观NPR锚杆的应力-应变关系曲线。基于试验结果,建立了微观NPR锚杆的本构模型,并将该本构模型嵌入到ABAQUS有限元软件中,开展了静力荷载作用下微观NPR锚杆的数值分析。对比试验结果和数值分析的结果可以看出,两者具有较好的一致性,表明所建立的本构模型能够较好地表现微观NPR锚杆的力学特性。

基于耗散能演化的层状黄砂岩损伤本构模型及其验证

层理构造影响工程岩体力学性质及稳定性.为探究层理倾角对岩石变形损伤过程的影响,开展了0°,15°,30°,45°,60°,75°,90°共7种不同层理角度的黄砂岩纵波波速测试和单轴压缩试验,分析了层理角度对黄砂岩峰值强度、弹性模量及破裂模式的影响,基于弹性模量劣化程度和耗散能演化特征分别表征黄砂岩初始层理损伤变量和荷载损伤变量,并借助Logistic函数模拟了层理与荷载耦合损伤变量演化全过程,探讨了层理角度对黄砂岩损伤演化规律的影响,进一步结合损伤力学理论与有效介质理论,建立了能够模拟单轴压缩下层状黄砂岩变形全过程的分段本构模型.结果表明:随层理倾角增大,黄砂岩纵波波速逐渐增大,峰值抗压强度和弹性模量呈现先减小后增大再减小的倒N型变化趋势,各向异性特性明显;黄砂岩破裂模式与层理倾角密切相关,倾角在0°~60°范围内时,主要发生穿切层理弱面的劈裂型张拉破坏,倾角为75°和90°时,岩样发生沿层理弱面的剪切滑移和劈裂张拉破坏;基于耗散能表征的损伤演化曲线可分为初始无损伤、损伤开始、损伤加速及损伤减速终止4个过程,借助Logistic函数构建的理论损伤模型可以很好的模拟和预测层状黄砂岩损伤演化全过程;初始层理损伤最大值与最小值之比约为1.41,表明层理倾角对黄砂岩初始损伤影响较大;建立的分段本构模型可以较好的描述层状黄砂岩单轴压缩应力–应变全过程,且理论模型曲线与试验数据吻合度高.

在开端处研究开端——我国现行宪法历史探源初步

“八二宪法”作为我国现行宪法已实施超过四十周年,四十年意味着这部宪法形成了自己的历史,而现行状态则表明这部宪法自身并未成为历史,以四十年的历史作为时间的长河,返回宪法时间的开端处,构成了我们观察“八二宪法”整体秩序的一种重要方法。本文以彭真同志在宪法起草期间的一首诗作为论述的结构,依次论述了四个关于八二宪法开端的历史命题。其一,“八二宪法”的开端是一个三部曲的结构,由宪法修改草案的起草、草案的审议、通过和公布实施、与作为新宪法而实施的第一个五年组成;其二,返回开端,我们可以还原某种进行时的状态,观察甚至是“预判”现行宪法文本的形成过程,概括宪法起草者的“宪法观”及其文本理念,三方面分别是宪法是“纲要”,是“定型化”,文本变动限于“非常必要”。其三,作为共和国的第四部宪法,“八二宪法”的诞生,发生在我国社会主义民主与法制建设新时期的开端,它所要完成的是一场“大转变”,一场“讲法,要有宪法”的历史变革。其四,“稳定性”是宪法起草者在成文时的自觉追求,但“长期稳定”这个概念及其标准,却是内在于新宪法实施历程而形成的,“八二宪法”之所以做到了长期的稳定,就本文论述所及,主要归功于宪法起草者“有所不为”的文本策略。