辐照对中药材有效成分的影响研究概述

中药材有效成分是治疗疾病的物质基础,也是评价中药产品质量的重要指标。辐照技术在中药材养护方面具有独特优势,为阐明辐照对中药材有效成分的影响规律,进而促进辐照技术在中药材中的科学应用,本文检索了国内外相关文献,综述了中药材生物碱类、糖类、苷类、醌类、香豆素类、黄酮类、萜类、皂苷类、酚类等有效成分的辐照变化规律。本文可为辐照技术在中药材产业中的应用提供参考。

A2β-酪蛋白牛奶和普通牛奶的体外消化特性和抗氧化能力评价

[目的]研究体外模拟胃肠消化对A2β-酪蛋白牛奶和普通牛奶的分子量分布及抗氧化能力的影响。[方法]以巴氏杀菌A2β-酪蛋白牛奶、超高温灭菌A2β-酪蛋白牛奶、巴氏杀菌普通牛奶、超高温灭菌牛奶为原料,通过INFOGEST 2.0对牛奶进行体外模拟胃肠消化,采用SDS-PAGE、高效液相色谱仪对体外模拟胃肠消化前后的牛奶样品进行分子量分析,并对体外模拟胃肠消化后各样品的抗氧化能力进行测定。[结果]在体外模拟胃肠消化后,4种牛奶的分子量主要分布于<1000 Da组分,A2β-酪蛋白牛奶小于500 Da组分的比例显著低于普通牛奶。超高温灭菌普通牛奶、超高温灭菌A2β-酪蛋白牛奶表现出较强的铁离子还原能力和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除能力。[结论]本研究为各类牛奶产品的加工和功能特性提供基础数据。

基于数据挖掘的近30年活血化瘀药治疗肺纤维化的用药规律

目的:采用数据挖掘技术探讨活血化瘀中药(以下简称活血药)治疗肺纤维化(PF)的用药规律。方法:在8个在线数据库中检索1992年1月1日至2021年12月31日期间发表的临床研究证实有效的含活血药的方药治疗肺纤维化的文献,提取方药信息,采用SPSS Statistics 23和SPSS Modeler 18.0统计软件进行频次统计、聚类分析、因子分析和关联规则分析。结果:共纳入324篇文献,其中活血药丹参、当归、川芎、桃仁、地龙使用频次最高;其他类药物中补虚药使用频次最高。高频活血药聚类分析聚为4类为宜,因子分析提取到5个公因子。对活血药进行关联规则分析,得到关联规则6条;以活血药为前项,其他类药物为后项,得到关联规则16条。结论:在使用活血药治疗PF时,常采用养血、活血、破血、虫类搜剔等相结合的治法,多与补气药、补阴药、止咳化痰平喘药等配伍,补虚泻实以复其源。

Uncertainty-Aware Physical Simulation of Neural Radiance Fields for Fluids

This paper presents a novel framework aimed at quantifying uncertainties associated with the 3D reconstruction of smoke from2Dimages.This approach reconstructs color and density fields from 2D images using Neural Radiance Field(NeRF)and improves image quality using frequency regularization.The NeRF model is obtained via joint training ofmultiple artificial neural networks,whereby the expectation and standard deviation of density fields and RGB values can be evaluated for each pixel.In addition,customized physics-informed neural network(PINN)with residual blocks and two-layer activation functions are utilized to input the density fields of the NeRF into Navier-Stokes equations and convection-diffusion equations to reconstruct the velocity field.The velocity uncertainties are also evaluated through ensemble learning.The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through numerical examples.The presentmethod is an important step towards downstream tasks such as reliability analysis and robust optimization in engineering design.

从《伤寒论》太阴病探讨抑郁症辨治

抑郁症患者常见疲乏、腹泻、纳差等太阴里寒征象,太阴里寒导致的肠道菌群失衡,常通过脑肠轴作用于脑神经,引发脑神紊乱,出现抑郁症。以四逆辈方药或温法温运太阴,对具有倦怠嗜卧、面色萎黄或淡白、乏力纳差、腹胀腹泻、舌质淡胖或有齿痕等特点的抑郁症患者具有良效。根据《伤寒论》六经辨证整体性、动态性的特点,临床常合以温壮少阴、和解少阳,以达标本兼治、治病求本的目的。

碱激发干硬性混凝土的制备及性能研究

为推广干硬性混凝土在碱激发胶凝体系中的应用,本试验以矿粉和粉煤灰为胶凝材料,水玻璃为碱激发剂制备碱激发干硬性混凝土。试验测定了碱激发干硬性混凝土不同龄期的力学性能,拟合出28 d抗压强度与溶胶比之间的线性关系,采用接触法分析碱激发干硬性混凝土收缩随龄期的时变规律。研究结果表明:碱激发干硬性混凝土1 d和3 d抗压强度可达到28 d抗压强度的80%和88.3%,快硬早强效果显著,且28 d抗压强度达到67.8 MPa;碱激发干硬性混凝土的收缩率随溶胶比增大而增大,60 d收缩率<750.0×10^(-6),粉煤灰的掺入会使混凝土早期强度有所损失,但可改善碱激发干硬性混凝土的干燥收缩性能。

老年冠心病病人行PCI后规律锻炼影响因素分析及其规范化早期活动流程构建

目的:探究老年冠心病病人行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI)后规律锻炼状况及影响因素,并构建规范化早期活动流程。方法:选取2020年8月—2022年2月在医院行PCI治疗的156例老年冠心病病人作为调查对象,使用一般资料问卷、运动自我效能量表、Barthel指数评定量表调查病人规律锻炼状况及影响因素,通过单因素分析及Logistic回归分析得出相关影响因素,以此构建规范化早期活动流程。结果:156例老年冠心病病人行PCI后有规律锻炼者94例(60.26%)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,体质指数(BMI)、心功能分级、生活自理能力、6 min步行距离(6MWD)、运动自我效能、规律锻炼习惯、运动指导、闭眼单脚站立时间是老年冠心病病人行PCI后规律锻炼的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:老年冠心病病人行PCI后规律锻炼状况受多种因素影响,根据影响因素构建完善的规范化早期活动流程可利于病人主动进行科学安全的规律锻炼。

呼伦贝尔市近10年闪电活动规律及防雷减灾措施

文章选用呼伦贝尔市2014-2022年雷暴日数统计资料、闪电频次与强度观测资料等,主要采用气候倾向率等数理统计法,针对呼伦贝尔市近10年来闪电活动规律进行分析。结果表明,该地区雷暴发生频率较高,2014-2022年平均雷暴日数为131.1d,且以38.5d/10a的速率呈明显增加趋势。总地闪强度均表现为负值,正地闪强度较强,极易威胁民众生命财产安全。据此,提出一些有效的防雷减灾措施,供相关人员参考。

Calculation of Activity Coefficient from Immiscible Binary Alloy Phase Diagram by Means of Modified Sub-regular Solution Model

The modified sub regular solution model was used for a calculation of the activity coefficient of immiscible binary alloy systems. The parameters needed for the calculation are the interaction parameters, λ 1 and λ 2, which are represented as a linear function of temperature, T . The molar excess Gibbs free energy, G m E, can be written in the form G m E= x A x B[( λ 11 + λ 12 T )+( λ 21 + λ 22 T ) x B ] The calculation is carried out numerically for three immiscible binary alloy systems, Al Pb, Cu Tl and In V. The agreement between the calculated and experimentally determined values of activity coefficient is excellent.

Assessment of Regular Physical Activity in the Care of Hypertensive Patients at the Cardiology Institute of Abidjan and at the National Police Hospital (Ivory Coast)

Aim: Physical activity and other lifestyle changes are an important part of the guidelines for anti-hypertensive therapy. The effect of physical activity on hypertension and heart disease has been well described. No study in our context has been done on this issue. The aim of this study was to evaluate regular physical activity in the management of hypertensive patients at the Cardiology Institute of Abidjan and the National Police Hospital. Material and methods: This was a prospective and descriptive study held in the External Consultations and Rehabilitation Departments of the aforementioned structures. It started on July 20, 2017 and ended on September 7, 2017. The data were analyzed on SPSS version 22. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Out of the 190 hypertensive patients recruited and educated, only 70 actually participated in the physical activities that took place in the Rehabilitation Department of Heart Institute. The mean age of the patients was 52 years ± 15 years. The most affected age group was between 40 and 49 years of age (47.40%).There was a male predominance with a sex ratio of 1.11. 63.16% of the patients had a superior. The follow-up time for Hypertension was more than one year in 73.68% of the cases. Our study highlighted the knowledge of the virtues of regular physical activity on the body in 94.74% of cases. Physical activity was prescribed in 94.74% of cases. It was practiced in 63.16% of cases. The mains reasons given for those who did not practice physical activity were “lack of willpower” (90%) and physical activity considered “too tiring” (70%). Physically active patients had a significant decrease of 17.98 mmHg in systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001) and 11.54 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The practice of physical activity in the control of hypertension remains insufficient at the Abidjan Heart Institute. Despite this insufficiency, physical exercise seems to have a positive effect on blood pressure control associated with antihypertensive pharmacological treatment.

Evaluation of Component Activities in C-Mn-Fe-Si with Model Self-SReM4

A sub-regular solution model SELFSReM4 used to evaluate activities of the components in a homogeneous region of a quaternary system has been developed in Shanghai Enhanced Lab of Ferrometallurgy. This paper introduces the application of SELFSReM4 in evaluating activities of the components in C-Mn-Fe-Si system without SiC precipitation.

Modalities of Prescription of Regular Physical Activity by Cardiologists in the Management of Hypertensive Patients at the Institute of Cardiology of Abidjan

Introduction-Objective: The clinical management of hypertension is well codified. It is based on drug and non-drug therapies, including regular physical activity. The aim was to evaluate the knowledge of physicians on the importance of regular physical activity (RPA) in the care of hypertensive patients at the Institute of Cardiology of Abidjan (ICA). Material and Methods: That was a prospective and descriptive study carried out from July 20, 2019 to September 7, 2019 at the Outpatient Department of the ICA. Our study population consisted of 32 physicians from the Outpatient Department of the ICA. To achieve our goal, we developed a questionnaire for the physicians, which included seventeen items related to the socio-occupational characteristics, to the level of knowledge of hypertension, to the attitudes and the practices in the management of hypertension, and to the factors limiting the accessibility to the practice of a physical activity. Results: The majority of the health professionals in our study were men (62.50%). Among 32 physicians, 56.25% were cardiologists and 75% had a seniority in position of 1 to 4 years. 81.25% of the physicians responded that the hypertensive patients could not only benefit from non-drug means. The suggestion of a complementary physical activity (jogging and brisk walking) to the hypertension treatment was found 137.5 times. Jogging and brisk walking were the main types of physical activity which were suggested to patients. All the physicians responded 3 times per week when they were asked about the frequency of activities proposed for the clinical management of patients with hypertension. Regarding the medical prescription on the type, frequency, and duration of RPA to patients, there was some discrepancy, although the majority of healthcare professionals recommended brisk walking and jogging. Their responses for a 60-minute physical activity were prevalent in 37.5% of cases. Regular physical activity ranked third in the management of the hypertensive patients. Nevertheless, all respondents proposed drug treatment associated with hygienic-dietary measures. 93.75% of health workers initially considered the physical condition of patients before they prepared them for the physical activity. The respondents regularly regarded the physical condition of the patient to evaluate the practice or not of an RPA at a frequency of 24 times in 57.89% of the cases. 93.75% of them confirmed that there was a positive relationship between the practice of the RPA and the improvement of the patient’s clinical state. Conclusion: The knowledge of physical activity and its benefits on the organism remains a problem for its application even though the health professionals know its positive impact on the prevention and the treatment of hypertension.

基于数据挖掘分析糖尿病肾病证候及用药规律

目的:应用数据挖掘技术分析总结相关文献中糖尿病肾病的证候及用药规律。方法:运用中国知网(CNKI)、维普资讯中文期刊服务平台,搜集2015年1月1日至2020年12月31日治疗糖尿病肾病的医案,提取用药信息,通过Microsoft Excel 2019建立数据库整理归纳数据,总结糖尿病肾病的证候分布情况、药物治疗分布情况以及药物组合关联规则等。结果:共检索相关文献923篇,根据证候分布情况,病位类证候要素主要为肾、脾、肝、肺、心等;病性类证候要素主要为瘀血、痰浊、阴虚、气虚、浊毒等。根据药物治疗分布情况,四气主要为平、温、寒、微温、微寒,五味多为甘、苦、辛、酸、淡、微苦,且归于肝、脾、肾、肺、心、胃、膀胱、大肠经。核心药物以黄芪、茯苓、山药、山茱萸、丹参等50味中药为主,可归纳为补虚药、活血化瘀药、清热药、利湿药、收涩药;药物组合关联规则显示,丹参、山药、山茱萸、茯苓均与黄芪联系密切。结论:益气养阴、活血通络法为糖尿病肾病主要治法,此为后续进一步开展临床研究提供了数据支撑。

规律锻炼对农村空巢老人焦虑状态和孤独感的影响

目的:基于“主动康健”APP小程序,探讨规律锻炼对农村空巢老人焦虑状态和孤独感的影响。方法:于2022年3—8月采用“主动康健”APP对福建省J村128名空巢老人进行调查。将符合条件的76例按照随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组,每组38例,经过干预后最终对照组纳入35例(1例数据缺失,2例失联),试验组纳入34例(1例数据缺失,2例自动放弃,1例不符合规律锻炼要求)。对照组进行常规日常活动及健康宣教,试验组在对照组的基础上运用电话进行每周1次的运动锻炼提醒,拟完成每周3次,每次>30 min,中、下等强度的有氧运动,总干预时长为12周。分别于干预前(前测)、干预6周末(中测)、干预12周末(后测)进行体育锻炼等级量表(PARS-3)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和孤独感自评量表(UCLA)的测量。结果:经调查福建J村空巢老人焦虑状态检出率为33.59%,孤独感检出率为68.75%。2组干预前PARS、SAS和UCLA评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预6周后,PARS评分前测与中测对比,试验组规律锻炼的参与率为97.37%,差值差异分析结果显示,运动锻炼水平增加23.73分(P<0.001);干预12周后,PARS评分前测与后测比较,试验组规律锻炼的参与率为89.47%,差值差异分析结果显示,运动锻炼水平增加26.97分(P<0.001);PARS评分中测与后测比较,运动锻炼水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。规律锻炼降低SAS评分的重复测量方差分析结果显示,组别的主效应差异无统计学意义,F=0.82,P>0.05,偏η^(2)=0.01;测量次数的主效应差异无统计学意义,F=3.96,P>0.05,偏η^(2)=0.06;测量次数与组别的交互效应显著,F=15.84,P<0.001,偏η^(2)=0.19。规律锻炼降低UCLA评分的重复测量方差分析结果显示,在对孤独感的干预方面组别的主效应显著,F=5.59,P<0.05,偏η^(2)=0.09;测量次数的主效应显著,F=8.49,P<0.01,偏η^(2)=0.11;测量次数与组别的交互效应显著,F=26.64,P<0.001,偏η^(2)=0.28。结论:每周运动锻炼提醒可以提高农村空巢老年运动锻炼水平,规律锻炼比非规律锻炼可以更好地改善农村空巢老人焦虑状态和孤独感水平。

一种基于神经网络的太阳能电池板缺陷检测方法

研究一种基于神经网络的太阳能电池板缺陷检测方法,利用DenseNet网络模型对缺陷进行检测,在该模型中加入转换器保证相邻模块间的大小,融入L2正则化可以在一定程度上避免过拟合现象,调整Batch Normalization层在避免梯度消失的同时加快收敛速度,使用SELU激活函数可以提高模型的鲁棒性。

洞庭湖、鄱阳湖白鱀豚和长江江豚的生态学研究

１９９７年至１９９９年对洞庭湖和鄱阳湖的湖区及其支流的白豚和长江江豚的分布、数量和活动规律进行了系统的调查。调查结果表明，白豚已在洞庭湖和鄱阳湖绝迹。长江江豚随着水位的变化，其分布范围、数量和活动规律也随之而变化。长江江豚在洞庭湖的分布范围主要集中在从城陵矾到鲶鱼口一带，其种群数量大致力１００～１５０头。洞庭湖各支流中已看不到江豚的踪迹。在鄱阳湖主要分布在湖口至龙口一带，老爷庙至小矶山是其集中分布区。赣江南北支、抚河下游及康山河在涨水季节也有少量江豚活动。洞庭湖和鄱阳湖大规模的围湖造田，湖区的迅速淤积变浅，大桥的修建，有害渔具渔法的大量使用，船舶数量的大量增加是长江江豚迅速减少的重要原因，两大湖泊中的长江江豚急待保护。

利用黄色粘虫卡对烟粉虱成虫活动规律的研究

黄色粘虫卡对烟粉虱成虫具有显著的诱捕效果。利用黄色粘虫卡监测田间烟粉虱成虫活动规律,结果表明,夏季烟粉虱成虫仅在上午7:00～10:00出现一个日活动高峰,秋季烟粉虱成虫分别在8:00～11:00和16:00～18:00出现两个日活动高峰,黄色粘虫卡的田间悬挂高度对诱捕数量有明显影响。

青海田鼠活动规律的调查

目的 :探讨青海田鼠的活动规律。方法 :采用定点观察法调查青海田鼠地面活动情况和夹捕法调查青海田鼠的捕获率。结果 :1、青海田鼠全天均有活动 ,以白天为主 ,夜间活动较少且以幼体为主 ;2、不同年龄及性别的青海田鼠各时段的活动频率基本一致 ;3、青海田鼠在 10 :30～ 12 :30和 16 :30～ 18:30两个时段活动频率最高。结论 :青海田鼠夏秋季以白天活动为主 ,夜间活动强度低 ,昼夜呈双峰型活动类型 ;其活动强度的高低受环境因素的影响。

不同发酵度茶叶的主要理化及香气成分分析

比较不同发酵度茶叶的理化及香气成分。测定绿茶、乌龙茶、红茶和藏茶的常规成分、活性成分;采用顶空固相微萃取(headspace solidphase micro-extraction,HS-SPME)结合气相色谱-质谱联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)分析香气成分。4种茶样水分、灰分质量分数差异较小,绿茶水浸出物和蛋白质质量分数高于乌龙茶、红茶和藏茶,而粗纤维质量分数最低;红茶和藏茶中茶多酚和儿茶素的质量分数明显低于绿茶和乌龙茶,咖啡碱的质量分数稍高于绿茶和乌龙茶;绿茶中主要香气是醇类和烯烃类,红茶主要香气成分是酮类、醇类、酯类、醛类,藏茶中主要香气成分是酮类和酯类,乌龙茶中各香气成分检出量不多,分布相对平衡。

白蜡虫寄生蜂对颜色的选择性及活动规律

在云南省昆明市白汉场白蜡园中采用不同颜色对白蜡虫寄生蜂进行了颜色趋性实验,利用寄生蜂对颜色的趋性进行了红色、黄色、蓝色、蓝绿色、绿色、灰褐色、白色和黑色8种颜色、6:00-9:00am,9:00-12:00am,12:00am-15:00pm和15:00pm-18:00pm4个时段、寄主林树冠上部、中部、下部3个位置高度和东、南、西、北4个方位以及在阴天、雨天和晴天3种天气下的白蜡虫寄生蜂活动规律观察。结果表明,白蜡虫花翅跳小蜂(Microterys ericeri Ishii)、白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂(Metaphycus ericeri Xu et Jiang)和中华花翅跳小蜂(Microterys sinicus Jiang)3种寄生蜂优势种对黄色有明显的趋向性,对颜色的选择性依次为黄色>蓝色>蓝绿色>绿色>白色>灰褐色>红色>黑色。在白蜡园寄主林,寄主植物中部诱集的白蜡虫寄生蜂数量最多,占52.21%;其次是下部,占39.80%;顶部最少,仅占7.99%。白蜡虫寄生蜂的活动与白蜡虫在寄主植物上的分布密切相关。白蜡虫寄生蜂在不同方向上的活动差异不显著。在一天中的不同时段里,白蜡虫寄生蜂在6:00-9:00am有一个活动高峰期,在15:00-18:00pm出现一个次高峰期。白蜡虫寄生蜂在晴天活动较活跃,在阴天和雨天活动较少。