替代植物的选育与紫茎泽兰的持续控制

依据笔者对紫茎泽兰的持续替代控制的研究和体会,本文概述了替代植物种类选育的理论和技术,并列举了不同类型的替代植物持续控制紫茎泽兰的成功实例,如:丛生性禾本科植物宽叶雀稗、藤本豆科植物葛藤、常绿乔木植物青冈树。

Control Effect of Several Replacement Plants on Invasive Weed Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng

To select the suitable plant species controlling Eupatorium adenophorum in hilly area, ecological adaptability, competitiveness and control efficacy of many replacement plants with economic value in Guizhou Province of China were studied. The results showed that the coverage of paspalum wetsfeteini and Dolichos lablab were 100% and 93%, which increased by 3.70 and 3.44 times compared with Lolium perenne, respectively; their relative crowding coefficient with E. adenophorum were 7.09 and 22.78, which increased by 2.43 and 7.80 times compared with L perenroe, respectively. Using excavation method, the control efficacies of replacement plants were 99.3 % and 96.9%, respectively, while the control efficacy of replacement plants using mowing method was lower than 66.4%. The overwintering rate of P. wetsfeteini in the following year was 95% ; its coverage was still 100% and its control efficacy against E. adenophorum remained over 99%. D. lablab was difficult to survive the winter in the north region beyond 26.2°N, so it could only be applied as annual replacement plant. The coverage of Setaria anceps, Cajanus cajan and other test plants were less than 90%, with poor control efficacy against E. adenophorum.

宽叶雀稗对养分缺乏胁迫的形态与生理响应

为探索宽叶雀稗(Paspalum wetsfeteini)耐瘠薄机理,采用分蘖繁殖获得其相同基因型试验苗,通过盆栽养分胁迫试验,分析胁迫后10~60 d幼苗叶绿素、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛等含量以及SOD、POD、CAT活性。结果表明,SOD、POD活性在养分胁迫后20 d达到峰值,脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量和CAT活性则在养分胁迫后30 d达到峰值。叶绿素含量在养分胁迫后10~30 d无显著变化(P>0.05),40 d时出现显著降低(P<0.05)。丙二醛含量在胁迫后10~20 d无显著差异,30 d开始出现显著上升(P<0.05)。胁迫60 d后,养分胁迫的宽叶雀稗株高、叶长、叶宽、根长、根表面积分别是对照的55.61%、64.85%、65.0%、140%、136%,同时叶肉细胞更为狭长,叶背绒毛长约为对照的5%。