Energy-saving Technology of Vent in Passive Solar Wall of Rural House of Severe Cold Region

This paper aims at solving the problems of low thermal collection rate,inconvenient maintenance,hindering indoor using during the application of passive solar technologies in rural houses in severe cold region.All these defects prevent the passive solar houses' further development. This paper chooses trombe wall,which has higher thermal efficiency of the passive solar house,as research object. The traditional vent is improved into a new type of ventilation device. This improvement overcomes the shortcoming,which traditional vent loses huge heat,and simplifies the construction of vent. Comparing with traditional trombe wall,the energy saving rate is 15. 69%.

A Study of Passive Solar House Design

This paper deals with the investigation of the principles of passive solar house design, passive solar systems, and techniques for solar house design. It is expected that the research is to be of momentous significance to the design and construction of passive solar house, and may make contribution to the massive energy efficient housing construction in our country.

Climate adaptive thermal characteristics of envelope of residential passive house in China

Passive house has been constructed in China on a large-scale over the past couple years for its great energy saving potential.However,research indicates that there is a significant discrepancy in energy performance for heating and cooling between passive houses in different climate zones.Therefore,this research develops a comparative analysis on the energy saving potential of passive houses with the conventional around China.A sensitivity analysis of thermal characteristics of building envelope(insulation of exterior walls and windows,and airtightness)on energy consumption is further carried out to improve the climate adaptability of passive house.Moreover,the variation of energy consumption under different heat gain intensity is also compared,to evaluate the effects of envelope thermal characteristics comprehensively.Results suggest that the decrease of exterior wall insulation leads to the greatest increase in energy consumption,especially in severe cold zone in China.However,the optimal insulation may change with the internal heat gain intensity,for instance,the decrease of insulation(from 0.4 to 1.0 W/(m^(2)·K))could reduce the energy consumption by 4.65 kW·h/(m^(2)·a)when the heat gain increases to 20 W/m^(2)for buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter zone in China.

Verification of the Passive House Concept to the South of Brazil Climate

The high impact of the building＇s sector on energy consumption and on the environment has led to increased concerns on the performance of indoor thermal buildings, and led many countries to define stricter requirements for their building legislation. In 2010, the European Union has established that by the end of 2020 all new buildings must have energy consumption close to zero （NZEBs （nearly zero energy buildings））, increasing the pursue for more efficient building design. One way to achieve buildings with low energy consumption while maintaining a high thermal comfort is the passive house concept. The paper presents an architectural project designed to meet the Passive House requirements for the climate of southern Brazil. The energy balance was carried out using the energy balance toot-PHPP （passive house planning package）, that verified the compliance of the prerequisites required for certification, which are related to the primary energy consumption, heating, cooling demand and overheating rate of the building.

Discussion on the Intelligent Design of Ultra-Low Energy Consumption Passive Buildings

With the continuous development of science and technology and the gradual improvement of modem building technology, people pay more and more attention to the introduction of advanced technology in architectural design, such as the application of intelligent technology. With the increasingly severe environmental situation, people are increasingly demanding the environmental performance and green performance of buildings. The establishment of ultra-low energy consumption passive buildings has become one of the key construction contents of construction projects. This paper mainly analyzes the design points and architectural forms of related buildings from the perspective of intelligent control.

Lecablock, an Alternative Construction Material for the Exterior Walls of Passive House

In this paper it is attempted to investigate the Leca blocks as sustainable construction material for the exterior walls of passive house. The building physical properties of Leca design wall structure are studied along with the environmental impact and load-bearing capacity. To compare the results, a similar analysis is carried out considering the traditional wooden wall construction of passive houses. The results showed that Leca design wall structure can be an alternative sustainable solution to the traditional wooden wall structure of passive house, mainly due to its low U-value, its ability to handle moisture, and comparable structural load-bearing capacity. However, the wooden wall structure is more environmentally friendly than the Leca blocks due to its lower emissions to the environment and reduced energy use, especially during the manufacturing process.

Green Affordable Social Housing: A Survey-Based Passive Cooling Design, with Focus on Jakande Housing Estate in Lagos, Nigeria

With rising health risks escalating from temperatures in the Global South, the shortage of essential indoor cooling is frequently seen as a dimension of energy poverty and human wellbeing. As a result, this study assessed ventilation and passive cooling in Jakande, Lagos Housing estate to design social housing that integrates proper cross ventilation and cooling. A total of 1215 housing units in the estate were used for the sampling frame. Based on the survey, the authors proposed an analytical housing design equipped with urban greenery that allows for free air movement with minimal thermal discomfort. The design methodology aids continuous cooling within the housing envelope and also improves aesthetics and landscaping within the environment.

严寒地区被动房室内环境与供暖能耗后评估

对严寒地区某被动房示范项目的室内环境和供暖能耗进行了后评估,并与位于同一小区的普通住宅进行了对比分析。结果表明:被动房高性能的围护结构可有效提高室内操作温度,且由于设置了机械通风系统,可有效稀释室内CO_(2)浓度;被动房供暖季室内PM2.5浓度超标,新风系统对细颗粒物的过滤效率不满足要求;被动房供暖实际运行能耗高于超低能耗建筑年供暖耗热量指标,偏差达到33.6%。

装配式被动房墙体传热系数测试与能耗模拟

以河北省保定市某装配式被动房为研究对象,采用热流计法对其东、西两侧围护结构主体部位的传热系数进行现场测试。基于测试结果,利用DeST能耗模拟软件模拟该建筑理论计算和实测传热系数下的全年能耗,得出理论计算与实测条件下利用传热系数计算的能耗偏差。结果表明该装配式被动房东、西两侧围护结构主体部位的实测传热系数相比.于理论计算值分别偏高偏差为103%。以期通过传热系数现场测试过程与能耗误差值的范围为今后进一步研究装配式被动建筑提供参考。

装配式节能小住宅的设计与创新——德国曼海姆装配式小住宅案例解析及启示

装配式建筑在我国城镇及乡村小住宅建设中有巨大发展潜力,同时,当前对低能耗和居住舒适性的追求对其节能设计提出了更高的要求。文章基于德国曼海姆装配式小住宅案例数据库,归纳其技术特点,分析户型分类特征与多样化、定制化设计策略。曼海姆装配式节能小住宅兼顾适用性、工业化、高能效前提下的建筑创作逻辑,对我国装配式节能小住宅设计有一定的启示和借鉴作用。

整体思维统筹下的可持续建筑设计表达——以龙湖顺达超低能耗主题馆设计为例

详细介绍了在整体思维指导下,龙湖顺达超低能耗主题馆如何实现景观建筑一体化的可持续设计。建筑体型结合景观的同时考虑内部复合功能的多样性,充分利用自然采光、通风和景观覆土等自然资源;以剖面空间形态实现最优效果的热回收新风设计;同时借助各类建筑构造的断冷桥高气密性设计,以及随时间和季节智能可变的南立面遮阳系统,整体打造室内外体验丰富且满足被动房标准的超低能耗主题馆,为相关项目提供参考。

Design of low-energy building and energy consumption analyses

In China,a new "Design standard for energy efficiency of residential buildings (for cold region)" was introduced in 2006. In this new standard,more high level insulation of the building envelope is required,yearly energy requirement for heating must be less than 55 kWh/(m2·a)(regarded as a low-energy house). The new attempt was carried out in the process of architecture design with an evaluation on energy consumption of the building. The design plan was brought forward and compared. PHPP software from German was applied to calculate energy consumption of the passive residential building. The optimum design planning was discussed and model of passive house suited to China's national conditions were attempted. The compactness,solar air collector and the window-wall ratio have essential influence on the energy consumption of buildings. The annual heat demands for the buildings with the window-wall ratio 0.35 and 0.50 are 48 kWh/(m2·a) and 46 kWh/(m2·a),respectively. The yearly auxiliary heat of building with the wall-mounted solar air collectors and the window-wall ratio 0.35 is just 4.8 kWh/(m2·a).

基于EnergyPlus的被动式超低能耗建筑能耗模拟分析

本文以济南某被动式超低能耗二层别墅为研究对象,利用EnergyPlus能耗模拟软件对该建筑进行全年逐时动态模拟分析,将其结果与现行的节能建筑设计标准计算结果进行对比,得出该研究对象的节能率为35%,分析了影响建筑能耗的主要因素,为建筑节能的进一步发展提出建议。

Consideration of Shape Characteristics for Apartments Incorporating Daylight and Energy Performance

The objective of this paper is to design units with well-lighted environment and low-energy consumption in the apartment building. Their daylight and energy performance can be determined by the building shape and orientation. The paper initially produced the results of illuminations and energy efficiency using the daylight and thermal simulations by Autodesk ＂ECOTECT＂. It then provided the comparison on simulation results of two type buildings： Flat-type and L-type apartment. The available options for the design incorporating the environmental performance have less flexibility in fiat-type apartments than in L-type ones. The best unit in the fiat apartment is fixed from -45 to 45 degrees rotation, however, that in the L-type one can change depending on rotating the building. Moreover, if the upper level units had the appropriate environment, the lower level could have larger window areas in order to meet those daylight performance needs. Results show that the facade design should have the different window areas depending on the location of each unit. It can assist in the comfort and low-energy consumption design by using simulation tools that achieve the more predictable understandings.

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of an Installed Multiunit Seasonal Thermal Energy Store

The financial viability of a solar STES （seasonal thermal energy store） installed in a mixed commercial and residential multiunit development of low-energy buildings located in Lysekil, Sweden, a maritime Scandinavian Climate has been investigated. Using recorded figures for the installation costs and performance, a financial life cycle analysis has been undertaken to determine the cost effectiveness of the system. The time value of money is considered and an LCC （life cycle cost） analysis undertaken to identify the cost-effectiveness of the solution. It shows that while a direct heating and hot water system incorporating STES can be economically viable in a Swedish maritime climate in the long term, assistance such as that provided by government incentives is required to assist with the high capital cost of the initial investment.

夏热冬冷地区被动式超低能耗居住建筑设计策略研究——以株洲某住宅为例

文章基于夏热冬冷地区的气候及居民用能行为特征,以株洲市某小区住宅为例,通过软件模拟,分析各围护结构热工参数与建筑能耗的量化关系,筛选影响建筑能耗的关键因素。探索适用于夏热冬冷地区超低能耗住宅的外围护结构指标体系,并根据指标总结被动式节能技术,为夏热冬冷地区超低能耗住宅的设计提供参考。

内蒙古地区农村住宅被动式节能设计因素敏感性分析——以呼和浩特乌素图村民居为例

我国内蒙古地区农村住宅受其恶劣的气候条件及建筑自身建造缺陷等因素影响,导致全年采暖能耗巨大,能源及环境问题十分突出,然而优先利用被动式节能技术措施来满足节能需求具有重要意义。因此,为研究内蒙古地区独特气候对农村住宅能耗表现的影响,以内蒙古地区呼和浩特市乌素图村典型民居为例,进行实测调研并利用Grasshopper软件搭建参数化平台对农村住宅外围护结构热工性能、窗墙比、建筑朝向等被动式节能因素进行模拟分析,利用originLab函数分析软件将得到的结果进行归一化敏感性分析方法计算,得出不同因素对于建筑能耗的敏感性,同时进行节能潜力关系比较。结果表明,现有的农村住宅建筑中屋顶、东西墙、外窗的热工性能对该地区农宅节能影响程度较大,为我国内蒙古地区农村建筑节能设计及改造工作提供参考。

国内外低能耗建筑研究标准体系发展综述

建筑业是影响我国实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的重要领域,随着低能耗建筑的使用、推广以及绿色建筑发展政策的引导,我国已初步建立低能耗建筑标准体系。该标准体系是建立低能耗建筑在设计、施工、调试、验收、运行管理方面的要求和评估手段,以及确保建筑节能的可靠设计和验证的重要工具。通过研究德国被动房标准、被动房协会美国标准以及本土化的国际各国低能耗建筑标准,深入对标我国与国际流行标准的差异及各国标准的专业侧重点,综合研判低能耗建筑标准的发展趋势,为进一步推进我国低能耗建筑领域建立健全与我国国情相适应的国家、行业、地方规范体系,完善低能耗建筑技术指标体系,发展和规范低能耗建筑市场提供指导。

高寒气候下集合住宅顶层节能设计策略研究——以西宁为例

集合住宅顶层外表面积大,室内、外热环境交互敏感,在太阳能富集、冬季寒冷漫长的气候环境下,直接利用太阳辐射热节约采暖用能的潜力大。以西宁地区为例,建立集合住宅顶层的典型空间模型,采用Designbuilder能耗模拟软件,从户内空间组合、单一空间、围护界面形态构造3个层级分析太阳辐射热作用下其设计要素与顶层采暖用能的关联性。总结住宅顶层的节能设计策略,并从设计要素利用太阳辐射热对采暖用能的节能贡献率角度,对设计策略进行优先级排序。为建筑师开展强化太阳辐射热利用效果的设计应用提供依据。

被动式超低能耗建筑技术在城市住宅中的应用

被动式超低能耗建筑技术利用具有保温隔热性能与良好气密性的围护结构以及新型绿色建筑技术等降低建筑能耗,为城市住宅打造舒适的室内环境,同时能够降低住宅使用过程中的能源消耗、减少环境污染。因此,可将被动式超低能耗建筑技术,如自然能源、住宅保温系统、住宅无热桥设计等方面应用到更多的城市住宅中。