New Approach to Synchronize General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics with Constant “K”-Resulting Dark Matter as a New Fundamental Force Particle

Planck scale plays a vital role in describing fundamental forces. Space time describes strength of fundamental force. In this paper, Einstein’s general relativity equation has been described in terms of contraction and expansion forces of space time. According to this, the space time with Planck diameter is a flat space time. This is the only diameter of space time that can be used as signal transformation in special relativity. This space time diameter defines the fundamental force which belongs to that space time. In quantum mechanics, this space time diameter is only the quantum of space which belongs to that particular fundamental force. Einstein’s general relativity equation and Planck parameters of quantum mechanics have been written in terms of equations containing a constant “K”, thus found a new equation for transformation of general relativity space time in to quantum space time. In this process of synchronization, there is a possibility of a new fundamental force between electromagnetic and gravitational forces with Planck length as its space time diameter. It is proposed that dark matter is that fundamental force carrying particle. By grand unification equation with space-time diameter, we found a coupling constant as per standard model “αs” for that fundamental force is 1.08 × 10-23. Its energy calculated as 113 MeV. A group of experimental scientists reported the energy of dark matter particle as 17 MeV. Thorough review may advance science further.

An Understanding of Old and New Buildings in Chinese National Parks with Reference to Mount Emei

This paper presents an investigation on attitudes towards old and new buildings in Mount Emei that is a significant cultural national park in China. Questionnaires and interviews were employed to collect data from those whose careers and lives are affected, and were affected, by the buildings. The investigation reveals that people show significantly different attitudes towards the two types of buildings and place more value on old buildings. People particularise their liking for old buildings associated with traditional values, aesthetic quality and conformity to surroundings whereas indicates their disliking for new ones with changed values from tradition to modernity, unsound administrative management and poor respect for surroundings. It is concluded that traditional ideology tends to be well expressed by the old buildings but poorly by new ones. It is accordingly suggested that ideology should be taken more into account in new building projects in Mount Emei.

A New Solution in Understanding Massive White Dwarfs

The observed high over-luminous type-Ia supernovae imply the existence of super-Chandrasekhar limit white dwarfs, which raises a challenge to the classical white dwarf theories. By employing the Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld （EiBI） gravity, we reinvestigate the structures and properties of white dwarfs, and find out that the EiBI gravity provides a new way to understand the observations. It is shown that by choosing an appropriate positive Eddington parameter k, a massive white dwarf with mass up to 2.8M can be supported by the equation of state of free electron gas. Unlike the classical white dwarf theory, the maximum mass of the white dwarf sequence in the EiBI gravity is not decided by the mass radius relations, but is decided by the central density, pc = 4.3 × 1014 kg/ms, above which neutronization cannot be avoided and the white dwarf will transform into a neutron star. On the other hand, if the gravity in the massive white dwarf really behaves as the EiBI gravity predicts, then one can obtain a constraint on the Eddington parameter in the EiBI gravity, that is, 87rpokG/c2 ≥ 80 （where po =- 10^18 kg/m3） to support a massive white dwarf with mass up to 2.8M. Moreover, we find out that the fast Keplarian frequency of the massive white dwarf raises a degeneration between the two kinds of compact stars, that is, one cannot distinguish whether the observed massive pulsar is a massive neutron star or a massive white dwarf only through the observed pulse frequency and mass.

A New Understanding of the Dielectric Breakdown Theory from the Study of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Carbon Steel

Schematic illustration of the PEO of the carbon steel in 8 g·L^-1 NaAlO2+2 g·L^-1 NaH 2PO4:(a)the sample before the application of anodic current,(b)the moment after the application of anodic current,(c)the deposition of an aluminum phosphates or AAP layer on the steel surface,(d)the initiation of plasma discharges through the breakdown of the dielectric layer,(e)stable discharges at later stage of PEO.

Understanding the Genome's "Dark Matter"--An Interview with Prof.CHEN Lingling

Overshadowed by DNA and their coding counterparts,non-coding RNAs remained in the darkness for a long time as"junk"or"useless"fragments in the genome,until only about a decade ago,when analysis of complete sequencing of human genome brought it into attention.As the afterglow of the ground-breaking Human Genome Program,this has since been a hot frontier of biology,and among those who have been pursuing this genetic"dark matter",Dr.CHEN Lingling,

Acquire A Full Understanding of the Guidelines for Running CAS in the New Era and Promote the Knowledge Innovation Program in An All-round Way

Editor's note: We are sorry that because of the over-crowded space in our last issue, we are delayed in presenting the second part of the report delivered by the CAS President Lu Yongxiang at the 2002 working conference of CAS. The report appears in two installments in this and the 1st issue of this volume.

Acquire a Full Understanding of the Guidelines for Running CAS in the New Era and Promote the Knowledge Innovation Program in an All-round Way

Editor's note: We are sorry that because of the over-crowded space in our last issue, we are delayed in presenting the second part of the report delivered by the CAS President Lu Yongxiang at the 2002 working conference of CAS. The report appears in two installments in this and the 1st issue of this volume. ……

体裁理论研究概观——兼Understanding Genre一文述评

最近20年来,体裁理论、体裁分析以及体裁教学在我国学界呈现出方兴未艾的趋势。然而,国内的研究对新修辞学派体裁观的关注和应用仍然不足,这就不利于对专业或学术语篇进行多维度的有效分析。本期登载的丹麦哥本哈根大学Auken博士撰写的长文Understanding Genre,围绕"体裁是基于日常的情境而产生的典型性的社会行为"这一论断,阐述了该理论和实践研究最基本的六个特征。基于对该文的理解和国内研究现状,我们提出未来体裁研究的建议。

The Origin, Properties and Detection of Dark Matter and Dark Energy

The pictures from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) suggest that massive galaxies were already at the beginning of the expansion of the Universe because there was too short time to create them. It is consistent with the new cosmology presented within the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST). The phase transitions of the initial inflation field described in SST lead to the Protoworld—its core was built of dark matter (DM). We show that the DAMA/LIBRA annual-modulation amplitude forced by the change of the Earth’s velocity (i.e. baryonic-matter (BM) velocity) in relation to the spinning DM field in our Galaxy’s halo should be very low. We calculated that in the DM-BM weak interactions are created single and entangled spacetime condensates with a lowest mass/energy of 0.807 keV—as the Higgs boson they can decay to two photons, so we can indirectly detect DM. Our results are consistent with the averaged DAMA/LIBRA/COSINE-100 curve describing the dependence of the event rate on the photon energy in single-hit events. We calculated the mean dark-matter-halo (DMH) mass around quasars, we also described the origin of the plateaux in the rotation curves for the massive spiral galaxies, the role of DM-loops in magnetars, the origin of CMB, the AGN-jet and galactic-halo production, and properties of dark energy (DE).

Asthma Hospital Admissions and Ambient Air Pollutant Concentrations in New York City

Air pollution is considered a risk factor for asthma. In this paper, we analyze the association between daily hospital admissions for asthma and ambient air pollution concentrations in four New York City counties. Negative binomial regression is used to model the association between daily asthma hospital admissions and ambient air pollution concentrations. Potential confounding factors such as heat index, day of week, holidays, yearly population changes, and seasonal and long-term trends are controlled for in the models. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) show the most consistent statistically significant associations with daily hospitalizations for asthma during the entire period (1996-2000). The associations are stronger for children (0 - 17 years) than for adults (18 - 64 years). Relative risks (RR) for the inter-quartile range (IQR) of same day 24-hour average pollutant concentration and asthma hospitalizations for children for the four county hospitalization totals were: NO2 (IQR = 0.011 ppm, RR = 1.017, 95% CI = 1.001, 1.034), SO2 (IQR = 0.008 ppm, RR = 1.023, 95% CI = 1.004, 1.042), CO (IQR = 0.232 ppm, RR = 1.014, 95% CI = 1.003, 1.025). In the case of ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM2.5) statistically significant associations were found for daily one-hour maxima values and children’s asthma hospitalization in models that used lagged values for air pollution concentrations. Five-day weighted average lag models resulted in these estimates: O3 (one-hour maxima) (IQR = 0.025 ppm, RR = 1.049, 95% CI = 1.002, 1.098), PM2.5 (one-hour maxima) (IQR = 16.679 μg/m3, RR = 1.055, 95% CI = 1.008, 1.103). In addition, seasonal variations were also explored for PM2.5 and statistically significant associations with daily hospital admissions for asthma were found during the colder months (November-March) of the year. Important differences in pollution effects were found across pollutants, counties, and age groups. The results for PM2.5 suggest that the composition of PM is important to this health outcome, since the major sources of NYC PM differ between winter and summer months.

On the Nature of Dark Matter and Dark Energy

It is known that all candidates in dark matter (DM) particles (neutrinos, axions, supersymmetric particles etc.) can not explain the basic properties of DM. The same can be said on the proposed candidates in dark energy (DE) (for example, quintessence). In the paper it is shown that some problems connected with DM and DE can be solved in the framework of the byuon theory. Basic axioms and some conclusions of this theory are discussed. The existence of fundamental unobserved elements in nature, byuons is declared. Physical space in our Universe is the quantum medium of special objects 4b, formed in four-contact interactions of byuons (m4b c2 ≈ 33eV). These objects determine the average density of substance (DM) in the Universe ~10-29 g cm-3. The byuon theory predicts a new interaction of natural objects with physical vacuum. This new force can cause the observed acceleration of our Universe. The estimations show that it is higher than the gravitational force at distances of order to 1026-1028 cm. Some other consequences of the byuon theory are considered.

Dark Matter and Baryons (Surplus Quarks) Generated by Oblique Confinement of Quarks

For surplus quarks (and baryons) to emerge after Big Bang, a nonequilibrium binding and superconductor-like condensation of quark-antiquark pairs must occur before the electroweak (EW) symmetry breakdown (similar for leptons). The formerly unknown dimensionless coupling to the Ginsburg-Landau like potential and the scale parameter in the EW theory then become microscopic functions of the massive quark and antiquark fields, thus defining the matter-antimatter asymmetry and the dark matter content in the Universe at correct orders of magnitude. Thereby also the number of free parameters in the Standard Model is reduced.

Establishment of the "Fenlong Energy Theory" and Conjecture of the "Fenlong Dark Matter Flow"

It is the first time that the world’s first new method of farming,the"Fenlong farming technology,"has been systematically clarified,and the"Fenlong body integrating with natural science"has been created in terms of land resource activation,natural fertilization,natural water management,natural ecological improvement(including climate),and natural indirect activation of river water resources.Moreover,the"theory of Fenlong energy"has been established based on its effectiveness.The"theory of Fenlong energy"originates from the"multiplying and incremental utilization of three-dimensional spatial resources"in production practice.Its application to more than 40 kinds of crops such as rice,corn and wheat in 26 provinces including Guangxi,Xinjiang and Tibet shows that:the yield of arable land increases by 20%to 50%(the quality is improved by 5%),the yield of saline land increases by 20%to 100%,and it can retain 100%of water and resist or ease the disaster.The"theory of three-dimensional spatial resources","Fenlong science","Fenlong law"are the theoretical base for the establishment of the"theory of Fenlong energy".Based on the phenomena that the Fenlong crops have particularly developed root systems,white and more fibrous roots,and tall plants,it is proposed for the first time that Fenlong farming breaks the confinement of the bottom layer of the plow and realizes the holographic penetration of material,energy,and information flows,and there may be the speculation of"Fenlong dark matter flow".

新收入准则会影响审计费用吗?——来自A+H股上市公司的经验证据

收入是企业利益相关者评价企业财务状况和经营业绩的关键指标。新收入准则的实施成效也成为理论界与实务界共同关注的焦点议题。从审计费用的视角,以2018年修订后的新收入准则在A+H股上市公司的实施为研究契机,选取2017—2019年中国A股上市公司数据,实证检验新收入准则对审计费用的影响。研究发现,新收入准则的施行提高了企业的审计费用。机制检验发现,新收入准则通过增加重大错报风险和提高审计投入两条路径提高了审计费用。异质性检验发现,新收入准则对审计费用的正向影响主要存在于受新收入准则影响较大、存在内部控制缺陷、由大规模事务所审计的企业中。进一步研究发现,新收入准则在提高审计费用的同时,还会使审计质量得到一定程度的改善。研究结论丰富了新收入准则经济效应领域的研究文献,同时为审计师在新收入准则背景下提高专业胜任能力、完善审计工作及控制审计风险提供新思路。

公路隧道场景下的新能源汽车火灾风险评价方法研究

为有效评价公路隧道场景下的新能源汽车火灾风险,解决目前公路隧道火灾评价存在的指标考虑不足、权重确定困难、评价等级界定不清的问题。根据安全学原理,结合新能源汽车火灾致因,从“人-机-环-管”4个方面构建了公路隧道新能源汽车火灾风险评价指标体系。利用决策模型和欧式距离函数,将层次分析法(AHP)主观权重和熵权法客观权重利用组合赋权的方法有效结合,得到更为合理的组合权重。最后利用组合赋权-物元可拓模型对南京定淮门隧道新能源汽车火灾风险进行评价,所得级别变量特征值为1.646,确定该隧道风险等级结果为Ⅱ级,与工程实际相符合,验证了该方法的合理性与可靠性。

论布鲁克斯、沃伦《理解小说》中的批评理论

多年来,国内学界只是将布鲁克斯、沃伦的《理解小说》当作一般的短篇小说集。文章认为,《理解小说》不仅是一部短篇小说集,也蕴含着丰富、独特的小说批评理论。构成论、情节论、性格论和主题论等,是《理解小说》的基本内容。最有特色和价值的是该书批评实践隐含着的情调论。“感伤情调”说为其核心。研究《理解小说》中的批评理论,有助于准确理解“新批评”,进一步丰富当代文学批评和文学教育的理论资源。

处罚力度是否会提高审计师对关键审计事项的披露程度?

为探究证监会监管处罚效应同新审计准则执行有效性之间的联系,以2016—2021年受到证监会处罚的审计师为研究对象,采用PSM方法,从执法和立法层面实证分析处罚力度对关键审计事项披露充分性的影响。研究发现:证监会对审计师的行政处罚会加大审计师再次被处罚的风险和诉讼风险,并使其声誉受损,为了降低风险和挽回声誉,审计师会付出更多的努力,因此,执法处罚力度越大,审计师对关键审计事项披露的充分性越高;由于新《证券法》在立法层面大幅加大了处罚力度,增强了审计师的责任感知,因此新《证券法》的修订增强了执法处罚力度对关键审计事项披露充分性的正向影响。进一步分析发现,在地区法治环境高、审计师具备行业专长、分析师关注度高的样本中,执法处罚力度对关键审计事项披露充分性的影响更为显著。研究结果为行政处罚的有效性及新《证券法》政策有效性提供了更多的经验证据,也为推进新审计报告准则的改革提供了路径。

思想政治理论课哲学新识——重温习近平总书记“3·18”重要讲话精神

习近平同志主持召开学校思想政治理论课教师座谈会并发表重要讲话,作出“八个相统一”的重要论述。这“八个相统一”绝不是一般的教学工作要求,而是建立在科学把握教书育人规律、思想政治教育规律、人才成长规律基础上的理论创新,是深刻总结、提炼、升华思想政治理论课改革创新经验基础上获得的规律性认识,是思想政治理论课教学本体论、认识论、矛盾论、实践论、精髓论、交往论、创新论、环境论的时代表征,为更好体悟和推进新时代思想政治理论课改革创新提供了根本遵循。