NEAR-FIELD ACOUSTIC HOLOGRAPHY FOR SEMI-FREE ACOUSTIC FIELD BASED ON WAVE SUPERPOSITION APPROACH

In the semi-free acoustic field, the actual acoustic pressure at any point is composed of two parts： The direct acoustic pressure and the reflected acoustic pressure. The general acoustic holographic theories and algorithms request that there is only the direct acoustic pressure contained in the pressure at any point on the hologram surface, consequently, they cannot be used to reconstruct acoustic source and predict acoustic field directly. To take the reflected pressure into consideration, near-field acoustic holography for semi-free acoustic field based on wave superposition approach is proposed to realize the holographic reconstruction and prediction of the semi-free acoustic field, and the wave superposition approach is adopted as a holographic transform algorithm. The proposed theory and algorithm are realized and verified with a numerical example, and the drawbacks of the general theories and algorithms in the holographic reconstruction and prediction of the semi-free acoustic field are also demonstrated by this numerical example.

Novel Method for Selection of Regularization Parameter in the Near-field Acoustic Holography

Because of the ill-posedness of the near-field acoustic holography（NAH）,the regularization method is required to stabilize the computational process of NAH.The regularization effect is related to how to select the parameter correctly and effectively.However the L-curve method commonly used for the selection of regularization parameters has the disadvantages of wrong selection and incorrect selection,which influences the application of NAH.For the purpose of solving the problems existed in the L-curve method,the （？）-curve method is introduced into the field of NAH,and the performance applied to NAH directly is analyzed on the basis of equivalent source method-based NAH.However,it is found out via investigations that the（？）-curve method in NAH also has the problem of wrong selection and is unable to choose the regularization parameter correctly.In order to select the parameter correctly and effectively,a novel method for selecting regularization parameters is proposed based on the original（？）-curve method,which can be called improved （？）-curve method.In the proposed method the regularization parameters are discretized linearly between the largest singular value and the smallest singular value,and the solution norm and the residual norm corresponding to these regularization parameters are also described in a linear coordinate instead of in a lg-lg coordinate,which are the two main differences compared with the L-curve and with the original（？）-curve method.In linear coordinate and using the linearly discretized regularization parameters,the solution norm is a monotonically decreasing function of the residual norm as the increase of the regularization parameter,moreover the curve is convex everywhere.So the regularization parameters can be selected correctly and effectively based on the improved（？）-curve method.Then a numerical simulation is done with a simply supported plate to verify the validity of the proposed method.Experiments with two actual sources,a clamped plate and the double speakers,are carried out to do a further demonstration.The simulation result as well as the experimental result shows that the improved（？）-curve method is efficacious and has some advantages over the L-curve method and the original（？）-curve method.The proposed novel method is able to avoid the problem of wrong selection and to select the regularization parameter correctly even if the curve is smooth.

High-efficiency prediction method for helicopter global/ground noise based on near-field acoustic holography

Noise reduction program design is an effective approach that relies on efficient noise prediction for reducing ground noise during flight.The existing noise prediction methods have the limitations of being computationally expensive or only applicable to far-fields.In this paper,a High-Efficiency Prediction Method(HEPM)for helicopter global/ground noise based on near-field acoustic holography is proposed.The HEPM can predict the global noise based on acoustic modal analysis and has the advantages of high prediction accuracy and low time cost.The process is given as follows:firstly,the rotor noise on the holographic surface in the specified flight is obtained by simulations or experiments.Secondly,the global noise model,which maps time-domain noise to acoustic modes,is established based on near-field acoustic holography and Fourier acoustic analysis methods.Finally,combined with acoustic modal amplitude,the model established enables efficiently predicting the global/ground noise in the corresponding flight state.To verify the accuracy of the prediction method,a simulation study is conducted in hovering and forward flight states using a model helicopter with a 2-meter rotor and Rotor Body Interaction(ROBIN)fuselage.The comparison of HEPM with numerical results shows that the average prediction errors of the global and ground noise are less than 0.3 dB and 0.2 dB,respectively.For a region containing 100000 observers,the computation time of the HEPM is only one-fifth of that of the acoustic hemisphere method,demonstrating the rapidity of the proposed method.

Underwater patch near-field acoustical holography based on particle velocity and vector hydrophone array

One-step patch near-field acoustical holography(PNAH) is a powerful tool for identifying noise sources from the partially known sound pressure field.The acoustical property to be reconstructed on the surface of interest is related to the partially measured pressure on the hologram surface in terms of sampling and bandlimiting matrices,which cost more in computation.A one-step procedure based on measuring of the normal component of the particle velocity is described,including the mathematical formulation.The numerical simulation shows that one-step PNAH based on particle velocity can obtain more accurately reconstructed results and it is also less sensitive to noise than the method based on pressure.These findings are confirmed by an underwater near-field acoustical holography experiment conducted with a vector hydrophone array.The experimental results have illustrated the high performance of one-step PNAH based on particle velocity in the reconstruction of sound field and the advantages of a vector hydrophone array in an underwater near-field measurement.

基于二级迭代的局部近场声全息研究及实验

为了有效减小传统近场声全息声场重建过程中的“窗效应”和准确利用有限测量孔径测量并定位潜艇的表面声源,提出一种基于二级迭代的局部近场声全息方法。首先,通过改进基于正交球面波的局部近场声全息方法,提出基于二级迭代的局部近场声全息方法;然后,仿真对比上述两种局部近场声全息方法的重构结果,研究外推误差和扩展测点数对重构精度的影响;最后,在消声水池中利用小孔径全息测量面进行基于二级迭代的局部近场声全息的实验研究。结果表明,基于二级迭代的局部近场声全息能大大减小有限测量孔径带来的“窗效应”和“孔径重复效应”误差,验证了该方法的优越性,可为水下大尺寸声源的近场声全息精确测量提供重要参考。

基于声辐射模态的双面Patch近场声全息技术

针对近场声全息技术在应用过程中遇到的外界干扰和测量孔径效应的双重问题,提出了基于源强密度声辐射模态理论的双面Patch近场声全息技术。经过理论分析和公式推导,建立了由声辐射模态叠加表达的声场声压数学模型。首先,采用双面声场分离技术清除测量面背向干扰源的影响;然后,对分离数据进行内插与外推,等效增加声源在全息面处的声压数据,减小了测量间隔;最后,获得了声源在非自由声场环境下具有高空间分辨率的全息图像。与传统的分离方法和Patch技术相比,所提方法综合考虑了相关参数的优化选择与控制,便于应用与推广。为了验证该方法,在理论工作的基础上,以刚性脉动球为对象进行了仿真研究,以音箱为对象进行了试验测试,相关结果证明了该方法的有效性与正确性。

Underwater hybrid near-field acoustical holography based on the measurement of vector hydrophone array

Hybrid near-field acoustical holography(NAH) is developed for reconstructing acoustic radiation from a cylindrical source in a complex underwater environment. In hybrid NAH,we combine statistically optimized near-field acoustical holography(SONAH) and broadband acoustical holography from intensity measurements(BAHIM) to reconstruct the underwater cylindrical source field. First,the BAHIM is utilized to regenerate as much acoustic pressures on the hologram surface as necessary,and then the acoustic pressures are taken as input to the formulation implemented numerically by SONAH. The main advantages of this technology are that the complex pressure on the hologram surface can be reconstructed without reference signal,and the measurement array can be smaller than the source,thus the practicability and efficiency of this technology are greatly enhanced. Numerical examples of a cylindrical source are demonstrated. Test results show that hybrid NAH can yield a more accurate reconstruction than conventional NAH. Then,an experiment has been carried out with a vector hydrophone array. The experimental results show the advantage of hybrid NAH in the reconstruction of an acoustic field and the feasibility of using a vector hydrophone array in an underwater NAH measurement,as well as the identification and localization of noise sources.

Underwater moving noise source identification based on hybrid near-field acoustical holography

Near-field acoustical holography (NAH) is a powerful tool for identifying noise sources and visualizing acoustic field. By recording the acoustic pressures in the near-field, the acoustic quantities in the whole 3-D field can be reconstructed and predicted. However, the current theory of NAH is not applicable to tracking large scale moving noise sources. Therefore, the hybrid near-field acoustical holography is developed for reconstructing acoustic radiation, which is derived from statistically optimized near-field acoustical holography (SONAH) and moving frame acoustical holography (MFAH). The theoretical formulation is systematically addressed. This method enables us to visualize the noise generated by moving noise sources and the measurement array can be smaller than the source, which improves the practicability and efficiency of this technology. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the advantages of hybrid NAH. Then, two experiments have been carried out with a line array of hydrophones. The results of simulations and experiments support the proposed theory, which shows the advantage of hybrid NAH in the reconstruction of an acoustic field in an underwater holographic measurement.

局部近场声全息的研究进展

局部近场声全息技术在解决实际工程问题时有优势,适于重建局部声场的各种声学量。阐述了局部近场声全息的技术原理及各种实现算法,并根据所提算法的创新性和受关注程度,把局部近场声全息技术归纳为4类:基于快速傅里叶变换的局部近场声全息技术;基于等效源的局部近场声全息技术;基于统计最优的局部近场声全息技术;基于边界元的局部近场声全息技术。分析了各种方法的原理、发展过程以及研究现状。最后,提出了局部近场声全息技术研究的发展方向。

多球形虚拟源强PNAH声场重建精度的影响因素分析

为了进一步提高Patch近场声全息数据外推精度,研究采用多球形虚拟源强的布置方法进行全息数据外推,该外推方法具有实施简单、外推精度高的特点,并通过数值算例验证了该方法的有效性.在利用多球形虚拟源强进行声场重建时,由于多虚拟球的布置方式的不确定性,为了更好地提高重建精度,必须要分析声场重建精度的各种影响因素,通过理论分析和数值仿真,从而获得提高重构精度的规律.

近场声全息技术的新进展

对近场声全息(NAH,near-field acoustic holography)技术的最新研究进展进行了综述。重点介绍了Patch技术、非稳态声场的重建、移动声源的分析和不相干声场分解等研究方向上取得的研究成果。对制约当前NAH技术发展的一些关键问题进行了分析,并对其发展前景提出了展望。

基于局部近场声全息的噪声源辨识研究

基于波叠加的理论思想,提出了一种基于波叠加方法的迭代算法来实现全息数据外推以解决传统近场声全息要求全息孔径大的问题,实现了近场声全息对局部声场的重建。由于噪声源识别问题对测量误差非常敏感,采用了结合L曲线准则的Tikhonov正则化方法进行正则化滤波。在半消声室内采用音响模拟噪声源进行验证,实验结果表明,该方法在小全息孔径条件下可以准确地对辐射体进行声场重构,减少了对全息孔径大小的要求,为其在工业现场中的应用奠定了基础。

基于多球域波叠加法的PNAH正则化方法的仿真研究

本文阐述了基于多球域波叠加法的局部近场声全息声场重建原理,由于基于多球域波叠加法的PNAH的声场重建是典型的反问题,测量误差的存在使得该反问题的求解具有"不适定"特性,必须进行正则化处理.在此理论的基础上,加入高斯白噪声情况下,本文运用了Tikhonov正则化和L-曲线相结合的方法进行声场重建.并通过仿真实验,证明了该方法的有效性.

基于局部测量的复杂封闭空间结构表面声振响应重建方法

针对由复杂封闭空间结构振动形成的内部声场,提出了一种基于局部近场声全息声场分离技术的结构表面声振响应重建方法。该方法利用等效源法实施方便、计算稳定且适用于任意声源形状的特点,可根据实际需要有针对性地对振动结构上所感兴趣的局部区域进行建模,而不必对整个振动声源进行全场测量。通过在覆盖局部振动区域的两个半封闭表面上完成一组声压测量,利用基于等效源法的双面声场分离技术去除来自测量面背侧的干扰声,再结合结构表面的导纳边界将干扰声在其表面的散射场分离出来,还原在自由场条件下的辐射声场,实现对振动结构表面声压与法向振速的重建,进而获得该区域表面各单元对内部声场的辐射声功率。数值仿真实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性和正确性,可为解决复杂封闭空间结构的振动噪声治理问题提供一种有效手段。

强干扰环境下声源可视化重建方法的研究进展

准确识别噪声源是机电产品噪声控制的关键,其中,近场声全息和波束形成是两种常用的声源可视化重建方法,分别适用于近场低频和远场高频声源重建的情况。传统的声全息和波束形成方法基于自由场假设,即适用于目标声源辐射声与干扰噪声之间的信噪比大于10 dB的情况。然而很多机电产品的噪声测试只能在工作现场进行,不满足自由场条件。为此,从声学传播方程和信号处理两个方面出发,回顾了强干扰环境下声源可视化重建方法的研究发展历程,评点了每种方法的特点和适用范围。重点介绍了强干扰环境下的近场声全息方法,包括声场分离法和逆块传递函数法。另外,还介绍了混响环境下的声源重建方法以及基于信号处理的信号噪声分离方法。最后,讨论了强干扰环境下声源重建有待解决的问题及其发展趋势。