Divergence Free QED Lagrangian in (2 + 1)-Dimensional Space-Time with Three Different Regularization Prescriptions

Quantum field theory can be understood through gauge theories. It is already established that the gauge theories can be studied either perturbatively or non-perturbatively. Perturbative means using Feynman diagrams and non-perturbative means using Path-integral method. Operator regularization (OR) is one of the exceptional methods to study gauge theories because of its two-fold prescriptions. That means in OR two types of prescriptions have been introduced, which gives us the opportunity to check the result in self consistent way. In an earlier paper, we have evaluated basic QED loop diagrams in (3 + 1) dimensions using the both methods of OR and Dimensional regularization (DR). Then all three results have been compared. It is seen that the finite part of the result is almost same. In this paper, we are interested to evaluate the same basic loop diagrams in (2 + 1) space-time dimensions, because of two reasons: the main reason in (2 + 1) space-time dimensions, these loops diagrams are finite, on other hand, there are divergences in (3 + 1) space-time dimensions and the other reason is to see validity of using OR to evaluate Feynman loop diagrams in all dimensions. Here we have used both prescriptions of OR and DR to evaluate the basic loop diagrams and compared the results. Interestingly the results are almost same in all cases.

The Dirac Propagator for One-Dimensional Finite Square Well

The solution of Dirac particles confined in a one-dimensional finite square well potential is solved by using the path-integral formalism for Dirac equation. The propagator of the Dirac equation in case of the bounded Dirac particles is obtained by evaluating an appropriate path integral, directly constructed from the Dirac equation. The limit of integration techniques for evaluating path integral is only valid for the piecewise constant potential. Finally, the Dirac propagator is expressed in terms of standard special functions.

Global canonical symmetry in a quantum system

Based on the phase-space path integral for a system with a regular or singular Lagrangian the generalized canonical Ward identities under the global symmetry transformation in extended phase space are deduced respectively, thus the relations among Green functions can be found. The connection between canonical symmetries and conservation laws at the quantum level is established. It is pointed out that this connection in classical theories, in general, is no longer always preserved in quantum theories. The advantage of our formulation is that we do not need to carry out the integration over the canonical momenta in phase-space generating functional as usually performed. A precise discussion of quantization for a nonlinear sigma model with Hopf and Chern-Simons terms is reexamined. The property of fractional spin at quantum level has been clarified.