THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEROSAL TYPES, PATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FREE CANCER CELLS IN THE PERITONEAL CAVITY OF GASTRIC CANCER PATIENTS

The relationship between free cancer cells and the pathological characteristics of gastric cancer were studied. Of 100 cases of gastric cancer, free cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity were detected in 32 cases (32%). Free cancer cells were most often found in tendonoid (62.2%) and colour diffused (60.0%) serosal types. When the area of serosal invasion was over 20 cm, the positive free cancer cell rate was 56.6% and only 2.5% if below 20 cm. Free cancer cells were related to the depth of cancer infiltration, often found in the S2 and S3 invasion layers, as well as to the pathological characteristics of gastric cancer. Free cancer cells were often seen in infiltrated type cancer, histologically poorly differentiated or undifferentiated adenocarcinoma. and nest or diffused growth types. In patients without peritoneal metastasis (P0), the positive rate was 26.1%. This study proved that Chen's serosal classification is correct and useful in assessing whether the cancer cells have penetrated through the serosa or not during surgery. Different treatments should be used in the cases with different serosal types. In addition to surgery, destruction of free cancer cells should be considered in tendonoid and colour diffused serosal types, so as to prevent peritoneal metastasis.

Pathological clavicular fracture as first presentation of renal cell carcinoma: a case report and literature review

Renal cell carcinoma(RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of all cancer cases. RCCs usually metastasize to the lungs, bones, liver, or brain. Only <1% of patients with bone metastases manifested clavicular RCC metastases. Thus, clavicular metastasis as the initial presentation of RCC is extremely rare. We report a patient with RCC metastasis to the left clavicle, which was first presented with pain caused by a pathological fracture. Magnetic resonance image revealed a renal tumor, and technetium-99m–methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy showed multiple osseous metastases. The patient eventually underwent surgery to remove the lateral end of the left clavicle and right kidney. Histopathology revealed renal tumor and clear cell carcinoma in the clavicle. Finally, we review 17 cases of clavicular metastases originating from different malignancies.

Expression of DLK1 protein and its correlation with renal cell carcinoma pathological characteristics

Objective To identify the expression of DLK1 protein in different types of renal cell carcinomas and its correlations with pathological characteristics and metastasis. Methods Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of DLK1 protein in

Basaloid squamous carcinoma of esophagus:a clinicopathological,immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study of sixteen cases

AIM To further clarify the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic features, and prognostic aspect of basaloid squamous carcinoma (BSC), a rare esophageal carcinoma.METHODS We reviewed 763 documented cases of esophageal malignancies from year (1977-1996) from our hospital, and discovered 16 (2.1%) cases of BSC. The clinicopathological features of these cases were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry (S-P method), histochemical stains, and electron microscopy were used to further characterize the neoplasm.RESULTS The tumors were classified into stages Ⅰ (n=1), ⅡA (n=6), ⅡB (n=2), Ⅲ (n=5), and Ⅳ (n=2) according to the criteria of the UICC TNM classification system of malignant tumors (1987). Most neoplasms were located in the mid third of the esophagus. Grossly, they had a similar appearance of conventional esophageal carcinoma, but showed a typical cytoarchitectural pattern of BSC histologically. The most important histologic feature of this tumor is carcinoma with a basaloid pattern, intimately associated with squamous cell carcinoma, dysplasia, or focal squamous differentiation. The basaloid cells were round to oval in shape with scant cytoplasm, arranged mainly in the form of solid, smooth-contoured lobules with peripheral palisading. A panel of immunostains were used for the basaloid component of the tumor with the following results: CK(Pan) 14/16 (+); EMA 16/16 (+); Vimentin 4/16 (+); S-100 protein 7/16 (+). CEA and smooth muscle actin were negative. Electron microscopy (EM) revealed that the basaloid cells were poorly differentiated, with a few desmosomes and fibrils, and numerous free and polyribosome. Of the 11 patients with adequate follow-up 8 died within 2 years, with an average survival time of 16.2 months. No stage Ⅱ, Ⅲ or Ⅳ cases survived beyond 5 years. The one-year survival rate was 60% and two-year 20%.CONCLUSION The BSC of esophagus is a distinct clinicopathological entity with poor prognosis. The cellular differentiation and biologic behavior of esophageal BSC were assumed to occupy a station intermediate between that of conventional squamous cell carcinoma and small undifferentiated cell carcinoma.

Reversing multiple age-related pathologies by controlling the senescence-associated secretory phenotype of stem cells

Regenerative medicine by cell transplantation is a novel therapy for treating end-stage organ failure and tissue damage. Cell-based therapy based on the transplantation of neural stem/progenitor cells （NSPCs） represents an attractive strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, but obtaining large numbers of these cells is difficult and their differentiation potential is strictly restricted in a spatiotemporally-regulated manner during central nervous system （CNS） development. Therefore, embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells represent an attractive alternative for cell-transplantation therapy in regenerative medicine.

STUDY ON INFLAMMATORY CELLS IN BALF OF SMOKE-INDUCED CHRONIC BRONCHITIS RAT MODEL

Objective To establish a smoke-induced chronic bronchitis rat model and evaluate the patho-logical change semi-quantitatively, and study the characteristics of the inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lav-age fluid (BALF) in various stages. Methods Chronic bronchitis sequential rat model was established by passively inhaling smoke mixture. Experiments were performed in 30 young male Sprague-Dawley rats, which comprised 5 groups in random, i.e.,4 chronic bronchitis model groups and 1 control group. After stained with hematoxylin and eosin, the specimens were studied by semi-quantitative method to evaluate the morphologic changes in various stages. Meanwhile, the inflammatory cells of the BALF and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) of lung tissue were analysed. Results During the process of the chronic bronchitis, the pathologic score was increasing as time went on, and the typical morphologic changes of chronic bronchitis emerged in the group 7 weeks. The total number of inflammatory cells in BALF was increasing as time went on, correlated with the pathologic scores (P <0.01). And the percentage of lymphocyte increased as well as positively correlated with pathologic scores (P < 0. 05) , whereas that of macrophage decreased and negatively correlated with pathologic scores (P <0. 05). The MPO lever of lung tissue was correlated with the pathologic scores (P < 0. 01). But the percentage of the neutrophil in the BALF was just in a high level during the first week, then it maintained relatively lower. Conclusion Smoke-induced chronic bronchitis is a slowly progressive inflammation process. The model we established is convenient and simple for the longitudinal study on the inflammatory process of chronic bronchitis and the therapy in the early stage. The semi-quantitative evaluation for the pathological change is with much more value. During the inflammatory sequential process of early stage of chronic bronchitis, the cellular characteristics are similar to that of the common chronic inflammation.