Sub-chronic Toxicity Test of Tephrosia canadida DC. in Mice

[ Objective] To observe sub-chronic toxicity of Tephrosia canadida DC. in mice and thus to evaluate their safety to be used as protein feed resources. [ Methed]Sixty-four 6-week-old healthy Kunming mice weighing about 25 g were randomly divided into four groups （ n = 16）, half male and half female. Mass ratios of basic diet to leaf meal of Tephrosia canadida DC. in group A, group B, group C and group D were 10：0, 4：1, 3：2 and 2：3, respectively. After 35-d feeding, the effects of Tephrosia canadida DC. on growth, blood and organs of mice were observed. [ Resultl Dudng the trial, all mice had normal activities, and no death and no abnormal blood index were observed. All organs of the mice in the experimental groups had no visible pathological lesion, and organ indexes had no significant difference between the experimental groups and the control group. Except that slightly abnormal histological changes appeared in liver and kidney of the mice in the group C and D, no histological change was ob- served in other organs of the experimental mice. [ Conclusion] Tephrosia canadida DC. have no adverse effects on mice, which provides a refer- ence for research about their safety in feed of other animals.

A randomized retrospective clinical study on the choice between endodontic surgery and immediate implantation

Background:Periapical endodontic surgery(PES)for root amputation and tooth replacement by immediate implant placement are two possible treatment options for bone lesions in the root apex of a tooth that has previously undergone endodontic treatment.Treatment methods are performed when the effectiveness of orthograde canal revision is questionable or when such treatment cannot be performed.The effectiveness of these methods varies from study to study.Objective:clinical evaluation of the efficacy of periapical endodontic surgery for root amputation and immediate implant placement with simultaneous tooth extraction in the proximate and long-term treatment.Materials and methods:The study included 183 patients between the ages of 24 and 63.Patients were divided into 2 groups;group I-endodontic surgery was performed to resect the apex of the tooth root(108 patients)and group II-an operation to install an implant with simultaneous tooth extraction(75 patients).In group I,in 36 cases,PES was performed in the area of the first molars and premolars,and 72 cases in the area of incisors and canines.In group II,75 patients received 231 implants.Results:In all 108 patients of group I in the postoperative period and within 1 month,the wounds healed without complications.In none of the 36 operated premolars and molars,there was no definitive elimination of the radiographic bone loss(Rude grade 2 and 3)after 12 months.In the area of incisors and canines,complete healing was observed only in 37.5%of cases(I class according to Rud).In group II,out of 184 implants installed immediately after tooth extraction,one was removed one month after implantation.In other cases,all implants were successfully integrated with the subsequent fabrication of prosthetic construction.Conclusion:The complex“implant(installed in the socket of the tooth immediately after its removal)-bone-soft tissues-prosthetic construction”is stable over time in terms of functional and aesthetic parameters,preservation of bone tissue,and mucous membrane.

Development of a vivo rabbit ligated intestinal Loop Model for HCMV infection

Background： Human Cytomegalovirus（HCMV） infections can be found throughout the body, especially in epithelial tissue. Animal model was established by inoculation of HCMV（strain AD-169） or coinoculation with Hepatitis E virus（HEV） into the ligated sacculus rotundus and vermiform appendix in living rabbits. The specimens were collected from animals sacrificed 1 and a half hours after infection.Results： The virus was found to be capable of reproducing in these specimens through RT-PCR and Western-blot.Severe inflammation damage was found in HCMV-infected tissue. The viral protein could be detected in high amounts in the mucosal epithelium and lamina propria by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescense.Moreover, there are strong positive signals in lymphocytes, macrophages, and lymphoid follicles. Quantitative statistics indicate that lymphocytes among epithlium cells increased significantly in viral infection groups.Conclusions： The results showed that HCMV or HEV ＋ HCMV can efficiently infect in rabbits by vivo ligated intestine loop inoculation. The present study successfully developed an infective model in vivo rabbit ligated intestinal Loop for HCMV pathogenesis study. This rabbit model can be helpful for understanding modulation of the gut immune system with HCMV infection.

PATHOLOGIC STUDY OF PRECANCEROUS LESION OF THE GALLBLADDER

Precancerous lesions of the gallbladder in 150 consecutive cholecystectomy specimens resected from the patients with cholelithiasis or cholecystitis were studied. Of these specimens, 80% had simple epithelial hyperplasia, 16% atypical hyperplasia, 1.3% carcinoma in situ and 2.7% invasive carcinoma. Atypical hyperplasia was observed in the mucosa abjacent to carcinoma in situ which, in turn, was found in the mucosa adjacent to invasive carcinoma. This finding suggests that some of simple hyperplasia of the gallbladder evolve towards atypical hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ which finally becomes invasive carcinoma. In addition, the authors provide a morphologic criteria for grading the atypical hyperplasia of the gallbladder.