Research on the Application of Evidence-Based Quality Control Circle to Improve the Implementation Rate of Airway Management Measures in Adult Critically Ill Patients

Objective: To explore the effect of evidence-based quality control circle (QCC) in improving the implementation rate of airway management measures in adult critically ill patients. Methods: Based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) evidence-based health care model, the best evidence of airway management in adult critically ill patients was obtained and applied to the clinic. Results: The total implementation rate of airway management measures in adult critically ill patients increased from 23.62% before the implementation of quality control circle to 88.82%, and the pulmonary infection rate in critically ill patients decreased from 42.31% to 21.74%, with statistical significance between the two groups (P 0.05). Conclusion: Evidence-based quality control circle activities can standardize the practice standards of airway management in critically ill patients, reduce the occurrence of patients’ airway related complications, and improve clinical outcomes.

Regional anesthesia in a patient with primary ciliary dyskinesia:A case report

BACKGROUND Primary ciliary dyskinesia(PCD)is an inherited autosomal-recessive disorder of impaired mucociliary clearance characterized by chronic respiratory diseases,otolaryngological diseases,central nervous system abnormalities,reproductive system abnormalities,and cardiac function abnormalities.General anesthesia in these patients is associated with a higher incidence of respiratory complications than in patients without the disease.CASE SUMMARY A 16-year-old male patient was referred to the emergency room complaining of right ankle pain due to distal tibiofibular fracture.Three years prior,he had been diagnosed with PCD.At that time,he had experienced several episodes of pneumonia,sinusitis,and chronic middle ear infections,for which he underwent surgical interventions.At the current admission,he presented with cough and sputum but no other respiratory symptoms.A chest computed tomography scan revealed centrilobular ground-glass opacities in both lower lobes and a calcified nodule in the left lower lobe.For the surgical procedure and postoperative pain management,combined spinal-epidural anesthesia was employed.The patient’s postoperative pain score was measured by the numerical rating scale(NRS).On the day of surgery,his NRS was 5 points.By the second postoperative day,the NRS score had decreased to 2–3 points.The epidural catheter was removed on the fourth day following the operation.The patient was subsequently discharged no respiratory complications.CONCLUSION We performed combined spinal-epidural anesthesia in a patient with PCD.The patient experienced no additional respiratory complications and was discharged with a low NRS score for pain.

Comparison of Oral Manifestations in Hospitalized COVID-19 Positive Patients and COVID-19 Negative Dental Outpatients. A Case Series Study and Literature Review

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infectious disease, also named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which can cause various systemic manifestations that pose a threat to human life. Oral lesions in patients with COVID-19 may appear during or after the illness and may or may not be a consequence of the viral infection. Objective: In this case series we compare the oral manifestations in hospitalized COVID-19 positive patients and COVID-19 negative dental outpatients. Methods: 60 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 41 control patients, were examined for oral signs and symptoms. The controls were dental patients who visited the hospital for dental care without complaining of any problems related to the oral cavity itself. Results: We have observed a strong association between certain clinical findings and COVID-19, including alterations in taste (ageusia, dysgeusia, and hypogeusia), anosmia, hairy tongue, tongue imprints, red tongue, erythematous candidiasis, pseudomembranous candidiasis, and exfoliative cheilitis. A trend but not statistically significant association at the level of 5% was also noted for colored tongue, linea alba, and pale mucosa. On the contrary, fissured tongue and oral mucosa pigmentation were more frequent in the controls, statistically significant at the level of 5%. Conclusion: COVID-19 has been found to impact the oral cavity, resulting in various oral lesions that can be attributed to either the direct action of the virus or the patient’s immune response.

Blood Pressure Profile and Glycemic Control of Type 2 Diabetics and Hypertensives at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital: A Review of 116 Cases

Objective: The association hypertension and diabetes is important. The two pathologies may influence each other. The aim was to study the correlation between glycemic control and blood pressure control and to determine the factors associated with blood pressure control. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical focus over 7 months. Patients were recruited as outpatients and all underwent ambulatory blood pressure measure, glycated hemoglobin and creatinine measurements, and assessment of compliance with treatment. Results: During this period 116 patients were collected. The predominance was female 69%. The mean age of the patients was 62 ± 7 years with a peak between 60 and 70 years. The average age of hypertension was 12 years and that of diabetes 6 1/2 years. The most frequently associated cardiovascular risk factor was a sedentary lifestyle (71.5%) after age. 57.8% of patients were not controlled at the office, with a predominance of systolic hypertension (58.2%). 61.6% of patients were controlled by ambulatory blood pressure measure, a rate of 47.8% of white coat hypertension. Glycemic control was observed in 42.2% of cases and 87% of patients had good renal function (glomerular filter rate ≥ 60 ml/mn). Therapeutic compliance was good in 53.4% of cases and dual therapy was the most used therapeutic modality 44.8% (52 patients) followed by triple therapy. The factors associated with poor blood pressure control were glycemic imbalance, non-compliance and monotherapy. Dual therapy had a protective effect. Conclusion: The association of hypertension and type 2 diabetes is frequent. The risk of occurrence increases with age. Ambulatory blood pressure measure is the best method to assess blood pressure control. Optimization of blood pressure control should also include optimization of glycemic control.

Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation on Nausea and Vomiting Induced by Patient Controlled Intravenous Analgesia with Tramadol

Objective： To observe the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation （TEAS） on nausea and vomiting （N＆V） induced by patient controlled intravenous analgesia （PCIA） with Tramadol. Methods： Sixty patients who were ready to receive scheduled operation for tumor in the head-neck region and post-operation PCIA, aged 39-65 years, with the physique grades Ⅰ -Ⅱ of ASA, were randomized into two groups, A and B, 30 in each group. The pre-operation medication, induction of analgesia and continuous anesthesia used in the two groups were the same. TEAS on bilateral Hegu （LI4） and Neiguan （PC6） points was intermittently applied to the patients in group A starting from 30 min before analgesia induction to 24 h after operation, and the incidence and score of nausea and vomiting, antiemetic used, visual analogue scores （VAS）, and PCIA pressing times in 4 time segments （0-4, 4-8, 8-12 and 12-24 h after the operation was finished） were determined. The same management was applied to patients in Group B, with sham TEAS for control. Results： The incidence and degree of N＆V, as well as the number of patients who needed remedial antiemetic in Group A were less than those in Group B. The VAS score and PCIA pressing time were lower in Group A than those in Group B in the corresponding time segments respectively. Conclusion： TEAS could prevent N＆V induced by PCIA with Tramadol.

Safety of applying midazolam-ketamine-propofol sedation combination under the supervision of endoscopy nurse with patient-controlled analgesia pump in colonoscopy

AIM To compare the results of midazolam-ketaminepropofol sedation performed by an endoscopy nurse and anaesthetist during colonoscopy in terms of patient satisfaction and safety.METHODS American Statistical Association(ASA) Ⅰ-Ⅱ 60 patients who underwent colonoscopy under sedation were randomly divided into two groups: sedation under the supervision of an anaesthetist(SSA) and sedation under the supervision of an endoscopy nurse(SSEN). Both groups were initially administered 1 mg midazolam, 50 mg ketamine and 30-50 mg propofol. Continuation of sedation was performed by the anaesthetist in the SSAgroup and the nurse with a patient-controlled analgesia(PCA) pump in the SSEN group. The total propofol consumption, procedure duration, recovery times, pain using the visual analogue scale(VAS) and satisfaction score of the patients, and side effects were recorded. In addition, the patients were asked whether they remembered the procedure and whether they would prefer the same method in the case of re-endoscopy.RESULTS Total propofol consumption in the SSEN group was significantly higher(P < 0.05) than that in the SSA group. When the groups were compared in terms of VAS score, recovery time, patient satisfaction, recall of the procedure, re-preference for the same method in case of re-endoscopy, and side effects, there were no significant differences(P > 0.05) between the two groups. No long-term required intervention side effects were observed in either group.CONCLUSION Colonoscopy sedation in ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients can be safely performed by an endoscopy nurse using PCA pump with the incidence of side effects and patient satisfaction levels similar to sedation under anaesthetist supervision.

术后患者自控镇痛:北京协和医院30年临床管理经验

术后疼痛严重影响患者的康复进程,从而导致住院时间延长,照护成本增加。合理应用患者自控镇痛装置可有效缓解围术期急性疼痛。北京协和医院于1994年引入患者自控镇痛技术,并于2004年成立了急性疼痛服务工作组,以麻醉医生为指导、手术室疼痛专科护士为基础,联合实施基于患者自控镇痛的全流程、规范化管理,并不断改进和创新工作方法,为术后疼痛管理的发展奠定了坚实基础。本文从临床工作重点、护理管理经验、疼痛治疗理念的推广与传播、新形势下急性疼痛服务模式的发展等方面对该项工作进行系统回顾与总结,以期为全面加强患者诊疗过程中的疼痛管理、提升患者围术期镇痛服务满意度提供有价值的参考。

Effects of a Nurse-Led Educational Intervention for Chinese Adult Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: A Case-Control Study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an individual nurse-led educational intervention for patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). This was a case-control study. The case group consisted of six individual educational sessions delivered by a nurse. A total of 40 patients with PsA joined in this study: the case group (n = 20) and the control group (n = 18). After a 6-week intervention, the case group had significantly better management for the severity of arthritis symptoms (p < 0.05), better psychological well-being and significant lower levels of anxiety (p < 0.05), and depression score (p < 0.01), and reported better improvement of physical and psychological domain of quality of life (QOL) (both p values < 0.05) than the control group. In conclusion, this nurse-led individual education intervention has statistically significant benefits for the management of clinical symptoms of arthritis and for psychological well-being and QOL in patients with PsA.

纳布啡不同镇痛泵参数用于剖宫产术后镇痛的比较

目的比较三种不同参数纳布啡患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)用于剖宫产术后镇痛的效果。方法选择剖宫产术后的产妇179例,年龄18~45岁,BMI 20~35 kg/m 2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,术后均给予PCIA(纳布啡2 mg/kg+托烷司琼8 mg/100 ml,间隔时间15 min,极限量10 ml/h)。将产妇随机分成三组:对照组(C组,背景量2 ml/h,单次按压2 ml,n=60)、低背景量组(L组,背景量1 ml/h,单次按压3 ml,n=62)和无背景量组(N组,背景量0 ml/h,单次按压4 ml,n=57)。记录术后2、6、12、24、48 h静息和活动时VAS疼痛评分、纳布啡消耗量。记录术后48 h内PCIA按压情况、术后首次肛门排气时间、术后住院时间、Ramsay镇静评分和术后恶心呕吐、头晕、感染等不良反应的发生情况。结果与C组比较,N组术后6、12 h静息时VAS疼痛评分明显升高(P<0.05),L组和N组术后24、48 h纳布啡消耗量明显减少,术后首次肛门排气时间明显缩短,头晕发生率明显降低(P<0.05),N组术后住院时间明显缩短(P<0.05)。与L组比较,N组术后12 h静息和活动时VAS疼痛评分明显升高,术后48 h纳布啡消耗量明显减少,总按压次数和有效按压次数明显增加,术后首次肛门排气时间明显缩短(P<0.05)。三组Ramsay镇静评分和术后恶心呕吐、感染发生率差异无统计学意义。结论低背景量(1 ml/h)纳布啡PCIA可在充分镇痛的同时,减少阿片类药物用量,降低相关不良反应发生率,缩短术后首次肛门排气时间,可作为纳布啡PCIA用于剖宫产术后镇痛参数设置的优先选择。

Clinical Trial Protocol: Randomized Controlled Trial of Cancer Pain Monitoring System (CAPAMOS) in Patients with Advanced Cancer

Purpose: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) protocol was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Cancer Pain Monitoring System (CAPAMOS), a telenursing system designed to alleviate pain in ambulatory patients with advanced cancer. Methods: The study design involved a randomized controlled trial consisting of an intervention group using CAPAMOS and a control group that received usual care. At the time of enrollment, both groups will be given a questionnaire regarding issues, such as concerns related to cancer pain and self-management of opioid medication. Patients will then receive pain relief education based on the results of the questionnaire. Subjects in the control group will receive a pain diary and pain-relief pamphlet that acts as an educational tool. They could also call the outpatient clinic if they wanted to ask for a nursing consultation. The intervention group will be able to use CAPAMOS to manage their pain and receive video consultation with a telenurse, who is an oncology nursing specialist. Educational tools will be built into CAPAMOS. The study will be conducted for one month. The primary endpoint of this study was to calculate the Japanese Brief Pain Inventory score. The secondary endpoints were to assess the opioid medication self-management, Barriers Questionnaire, Japanese EuroQol 5-dimensions 5-level, and economic evaluation. Assessment items will be evaluated at registration and 2 and 4 weeks after registration. Conclusions: A RCT based on this protocol is expected to validate the efficacy of telenursing using CAPAMOS in patients with advanced cancer and pain.

饮酒和体力活动对社区2型糖尿病患者血糖控制的影响

目的:了解饮酒和体力活动与南京市社区糖尿病患者血糖控制之间的关系。方法:采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,随机抽取南京市5个区5663名18岁以上社区糖尿病患者作为研究对象,采用多因素Logistic回归分析饮酒和体力活动对糖尿病患者血糖控制的联合作用。结果:5663名糖尿病患者空腹血糖控制率为39.8%(95%CI:38.5%~41.1%),调整年龄、性别、规律服药、职业、受教育水平、体质量指数(BMI)、高血压、糖尿病家族史和吸烟后,过量饮酒患者空腹血糖控制率是不饮酒/适量者的0.73倍(95%CI:0.64~0.83,P<0.001)。与不饮酒/适量且体力活动充足者相比,过量饮酒且体力活动充足者的空腹血糖控制率为其0.76倍(95%CI:0.66~0.87,P<0.001),过量饮酒且体力活动不足者为其0.58倍(95%CI:0.41~0.84,P=0.003)。结论:饮酒和体力活动对血糖控制存在联合作用,过量饮酒者如体力活动不足会进一步降低其血糖控制率。

An Environmental Control System for ALS Patient Using Finger Movement

ALS is a degenerative disease which affects the patients muscular activity in feet and hands, leading to a bed ridden status. The loss of independency affects their will to live, for this reason an environmental control system to handle the home appliances and make telephone calls is proposed. The system uses a tablet as a visual human interface so that the patient can select the desired appliance by selecting the corresponding item on the tablet screen. Based on the remaining patient’s abilities an input device that detects slight finger movement is proposed. In this paper three types of input devices are considered and their performance is evaluated by four ALS patients. Their comments about the usage of the devices are discussed in this work. Finally the environmental control was implemented on an ALS patient home and their impressions were satisfactory for the patients, relatives and care-givers.

Effect of Antihypertensive Drug Therapy on the Blood Pressure Control among Hypertensive Patients Attending Campus’ Teaching Hospital of Lome, Togo, West Africa

High blood pressure (HBP) is a health problem world—wide. In Togo, that affection constitutes a more and more pre-occupying cause of morbidity and mortality. This study is a prospective one which intended to identify the antihypertensive regimens prescribed and evaluate their effect on patients’ blood pressure (BP) control. Out of the 204 patients enrolled (mean: 55.01 ± 12.55 years;sex ratio: 1.3), 112/176 placed on antihypertensive therapy have controlled their BP (38.39% outpatients vs 61.61% inpatients). Related to the sex factor, we didn’t observe any significant difference in the BP control. Whereas, the mean median value of BP reduction of outpatients (30.00/15.00 mmHg) (p = 0.001) was half lower than that of inpatients (60.00/30.00 mmHg (p = 0.004)). Thirty five outpatients (81.40%) vs 64 inpatients (92.75%) were placed on combination therapy. The bitherapy was prescribed to 23 outpatients (53.49%) against 27 inpatients (39.13%) while the quadritherapy and more than 4 drugs combination were prescribed exclusively to inpatients (20.29%, n = 14). That quadritherapy induced a significant mean reduction of inpatients’ SBP compared to monotherapy (p = 0.043) and to bitherapy (p = 0.004). The favorite combinations were D + CCA, D + ACEI, D + CCA + ACEI and D + CCA + ACEI + CAAD of which the quadruple therapy showed a significant inpatients’ DBP control (p = 0.015) compared to D + CCA combination. The combinations including at least one diuretic induced a significant difference between outpatients (median value: 30.000/10.000 mmHg) (p < 0.001) and inpatients (median value: 60.000 mmHg/30 mmHg) (p < 0.001). The first-line molecules and fixe combinations prescribed in decreasing frequency were among others: hydrochlorothiazide + captopril, nicardipine, α methyldopa for outpatients;furosemide, nicardipine, captopril, α methyldopa, hydrochlorothiazide + captopril for inpatients. Diuretics, CCAs and ACEIs were the 3 favorite pharmacological groups for essential hypertension management in our African resource limited context. Combined to CAAD, they represented the best quadruple combination among inpatients having showed a significant difference in DBP control compared to D + CCA combination.

右美托咪定复合舒芬太尼病人自控静脉镇痛对胸腔镜下肺癌根治术病人术后免疫功能及呼吸功能恢复的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine,Dex)复合舒芬太尼静脉病人自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)对胸腔镜下肺癌根治术病人术后免疫功能和呼吸功能恢复的影响。方法2020年10月~2022年6月在我院选择ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级择期行胸腔镜下肺癌根治术病人92例,按随机数字表分为舒芬太尼PCIA组(S组)和Dex复合舒芬太尼PCIA组(D组),每组46例,S组有1例术后出血,退出实验,D组有1例术中大出血,退出实验。S组术后PCIA采用舒芬太尼注射液每天1.0μg/kg+盐酸托烷司琼20 mg/150 ml,D组采用Dex每天1.0μg/kg+舒芬太尼注射液每天1.0μg/kg+盐酸托烷司琼20 mg/150ml。记录病人术前1天(T_(0)),术后24小时(T_(1))、48小时(T_(2))、72小时(T_(3))四个时间点的静息、咳嗽疼痛数字评分量表(NRS)评分,SAS评分,抽取静脉血检测CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CRP、PCT,动脉血行血气分析,计算氧合指数(OI);在T_(2)进行临床肺部感染评分(CPIS)、记录低氧血症、肺水肿、不良反应恶心呕吐、嗜睡、心动过缓、呼吸抑制及寒战的发生情况。结果与S组比较,D组在T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)三个时间点,静息、咳嗽NRS评分,SAS评分、CRP、PCT均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、OI值升高,CD8^(+)仅在T_(1)较低(P<0.05);T_(0)时两组静息、咳嗽NRS评分,SAS评分,CD3^(+),CD4^(+),CD8^(+),CD4^(+)/CD8^(+),CRP,PCT,OI比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与T_(0)时比较,两组病人在T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)三个时间点静息、咳嗽NRS评分、CRP、PCT明显升高,CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、OI、SAS评分降低,CD8^(+)仅在T_(1)、T_(2)升高(P<0.05)。与S组比较,D组恶心呕吐比例和CPIS评分降低[8(17.8%)例、(3.5±1.3)分vs.1(2.2)例、(1.2±1.1)分],低氧血症和肺水肿发生率、嗜睡、心动过缓、呼吸抑制、寒战比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论Dex复合舒芬太尼PCIA具有较好的镇痛、镇静效果,即减轻了手术创伤造成的免疫功能抑制程度,又减少阿片类药物的不良反应,还有利于病人术后呼吸功能的恢复,是胸腔镜下肺癌根治术后较安全的PCIA方式。

Clinical significance of large decompressive craniectomy to control intractable increased intracranial pressure in patients with traumatic brain injury

Objective To investigate the role of decompressive craniectomy (DC) to decrease intractable intracranial hypertension(ICH) due to diffuse brain swelling and / or cerebral edema after severe traumatic brain injury and the time window of DC to affect on prognosis. Methods The clinical record of 132 patients who underwent DC for posttraumatic intractable ICH in our hospital from July 2003 to

口服中药治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重随机对照试验的文献特征及结局指标研究

背景口服中药在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)的治疗中应用广泛,但相关临床试验的结局指标尚未得到统一和规范。目的通过筛选已发表的以口服中药为AECOPD治疗措施的随机对照试验(RCT),总结其文献特征和选用的结局指标情况,为中医药治疗AECOPD临床试验设计和结局指标选择提供参考。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、ClinicalTrials.gov、中国临床试验注册中心,获取口服中药治疗AECOPD的RCT和临床试验注册方案,检索时限为2018年1月—2022年10月。由2位评价员独立筛选文献、提取资料后,采用定性分析的方法,对纳入研究的结局指标选择情况进行描述。结果纳入578篇文献,包含574篇已报告试验结果的RCT及4个临床试验注册方案。574篇RCT共纳入51508例患者。88篇文献在纳入标准中限定了患者的疾病分级,361篇文献在纳入标准中限定了中医证型,6篇文献报告了盲法,6篇文献提及了随访。纳入文献共涉及4030个结局指标,单篇文献结局指标数量范围为1~24个。按照结局指标的功能属性,将其归为8个指标域:中医症状/证候、症状/体征、理化检测、生活质量、远期预后、经济学评估、安全性评价、其他,报告率最高的指标域是理化检测,报告频次排名前5位的结局指标项目是:有效率(11.5%)、第1秒用力呼气容积(7.5%)、中医症状/证候评分(7.0%)、第1秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量(6.8%)、用力肺活量(4.6%)。445篇文献报告了有效率的组成,报告率排名前5位的研究指标依次为症状(423篇)、体征(281篇)、中医证候评分(203篇)、实验室检查(89篇)、肺功能(71篇)。结论口服中药治疗AECOPD的RCT涉及的结局指标数量多、范围广,纳入的文献在不同程度上关注了口服中药对AECOPD患者的症状体征、理化检测指标、生活质量、远期预后、经济学评价和安全性结局等方面的影响。但结局指标的选择仍存在多方面的问题:结局指标主次不清;主要关注替代终点,对临床终点的关注不足;对卫生经济学指标关注不足;有效性参考来源不一、判断标准不一。研究者可参考已发表的核心指标集,合理设计结局指标,以提高中医药临床研究的质量。

住院患者护理行为轨迹闭环管理平台的构建与应用

护士操作行为的规范性直接关系到患者治疗效果和医疗安全。聚焦住院患者护理行为的关键节点,系统化串联护理、医疗、管理等信息系统,构建包含给药、检验和护理巡视行为轨迹追踪、外出检查行为轨迹追踪及手术转运交接行为轨迹追踪三大功能模块的住院患者护理行为轨迹闭环管理平台。应用后,提升了给药准时性,优化了夜间护理巡视方式,缩短了手术患者转运交接耗时,从而保障了患者安全。

不同剂量艾司氯胺酮复合右美托咪定在食管癌术后自控静脉镇痛患者中的应用效果对比

目的 分析不同剂量艾司氯胺酮复合右美托咪定在食管癌术后自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)中的应用效果。方法 选取87例食管癌患者,按随机数字表法分为常规组、对照组与观察组,各29例。所有患者均行食管癌根治术,术后均运用PCIA,常规组镇痛液配方为100μg右美托咪定+2μg/kg舒芬太尼+0.25 mg帕洛诺+氯化钠注射液100 ml,对照组则在常规组基础上加以0.03 mg/(kg·h)艾司氯胺酮,观察组则在常规组基础上加以0.015 mg/(kg·h)艾司氯胺酮。对比3组镇痛效果、炎性因子水平、应激反应、抑郁症状、不良反应。结果 术后12 h、24 h,对照组的VAS评分低于观察组与常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,3组C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、降钙素原(PCT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、皮质醇(Cor)相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后24 h、术毕时,对照组CRP、IL-6、PCT、NE、Cor低于观察组与常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,3组抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1周,观察组SDS评分低于对照组与常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组不良反应相当,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 大剂量的艾司氯胺酮复合右美托咪定用于食管癌术后PCIA可取得更强的镇痛效果,能够更有效地控制机体的炎症反应与应激反应,但小剂量的艾司氯胺酮不良反应更少,且抗抑郁效果更强。

基于名中医经验的中医辨证组方治疗老年慢性肾炎(CKD1~3a期)患者随机对照研究

目的:观察基于名中医经验的中医辨证组方对老年慢性肾炎(CKD1-3a期)患者的有效性和安全性。方法:将84例老年慢性肾炎患者随机分成治疗组(42例)和对照组(42例)。治疗组采用西医基础联合中医辨证组方治疗;对照组仅接受西医基础治疗,疗程均为24周。观察两组治疗前后24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h UPQ)、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)等临床指标变化,以及疗效和安全性。结果:与本组基线比较,两组治疗后12、18、24周24 h UPQ均显著下降(P<0.01),且24周时治疗组优于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗组总有效率为67.57%,对照组总有效率41.67%,治疗组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。将慢性肾脏病(CKD)3a期患者进行亚组分析提示,24周后治疗组eGFR较本组基线及同期对照组显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.05),而对照组治疗前后无显著变化。治疗组不良反应发生4例,对照组2例,两组无严重不良反应出现。结论:基于名中医经验的中医辨证组方治疗老年慢性肾炎(CKD1-3a期),可减少尿蛋白,提高临床疗效,对其中的CKD3a期患者可能具有改善eGFR作用,且安全性较好。

不同剂量艾司氯胺酮复合氢吗啡酮术后自控静脉镇痛对老年患者全膝关节置换术后抑郁的影响

目的探讨不同剂量艾司氯胺酮复合氢吗啡酮术后患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)对老年患者全膝关节置换术后抑郁的影响。方法选择2023年7—9月择期全身麻醉联合收肌管阻滞下行全膝关节置换术的老年患者180例,男44例,女136例,年龄65~80岁,BMI 18.5~35.0 kg/m^(2),ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为三组:对照组(C组)、艾司氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg组(E1组)和艾司氯胺酮1.0 mg/kg组(E2组),每组60例。术后C组、E1组和E2组分别予氢吗啡酮0.2 mg/kg、艾司氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg复合氢吗啡酮0.2 mg/kg和艾司氯胺酮1.0 mg/kg复合氢吗啡酮0.2 mg/kg行PCIA,三组均用生理盐水稀释至100 ml,参数设置:背景输注速率1.5 ml/h,单次按压1.5 ml,锁定时间15 min。若静息时VAS疼痛评分≥4分且患者按压PCIA泵镇痛效果不佳,则肌肉注射曲马多0.1 g补救镇痛。于术后1、3、7 d时行汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分,HAMD评分≥8分为存在抑郁状态;于术后1、3、7 d时行静息时VAS疼痛评分。记录术后7 d内抑郁例数、术后3 d内镇痛泵有效按压次数(D_(1))、总按压次数(D_(2))、D_(1)/D_(2)、补救镇痛例数以及头晕头痛、多梦、幻觉、恶心呕吐等不良反应发生情况。结果术后3 d,C组共有21例(35%)发生抑郁,E1组有7例(12%),E2组有8例(13%);术后7 d,C组共有8例(13%)发生抑郁,E1组有1例(2%),E2组有2例(3%)。与C组比较,E1组术后3、7 d抑郁发生率、补救镇痛率明显降低,E2组术后3、7 d抑郁、术后3 d内头晕头痛、多梦发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。E1组和E2组术后1、3、7 d抑郁发生率、VAS疼痛评分差异无统计学意义。结论艾司氯胺酮0.5、1.0 mg/kg用于老年患者全膝关节置换术后PCIA均可改善术后抑郁,艾司氯胺酮1.0 mg/kg可以降低术后头晕头痛、多梦发生率。