The Public Law Construction of Government Agencies’Obligations to Disclose When Handling Personal Information in the Digital Age

The protection of personal information plays an extremely important role in the construction of digital government.The duty to inform is a prerequisite core obligation that the government should fulfill in processing personal information,a concrete expression of the right to self-determination of personal information,and a prerequisite for the right to protection of personal information that works as a fundamental right to defense the intrusion from the government,as well as a procedural regulatory tool to restrain the government’s information power and prevent the risk of infringement.As the rules on the processing of personal information and the duty to inform have both the nature of public law,the government’s processing of personal information is also public law in nature,especially because of the constitutional value and power control function of the duty to inform,the construction of a system for the duty to inform cannot be copied from the rules applicable to private subjects,but should be tailored to the public law characteristics of the government’s processing of personal information,overcoming the shortcomings of the current rough and fragmented legislation,and set up a systematic regulation based on the public law in term of the legal subject,procedure,content,consequences of obligation violations and legal protection.

The Benefits of Patients’ Information regarding Dietary Habits before Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A 3- and 6-Month Follow-Up

Aim: To evaluate the benefits of counseling intervention related to dietary habits changes on patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Materials and Methods: A randomized counseling intervention study, with a 3- and 6-month follow-up was performed on 230 patients who underwent PCI. They were randomly allocated to the intervention (n = 93) or the control group (n = 137). A 3- and 6-month telephone follow-up was performed for dietary habits evaluation. Data analysis was performed by using the statistical package SPSS, ver. 20.?Results: Compared with control group, intervention group had higher prevalence of hypertension, history of diabetes and dyslipidemias and history of acute myocardial infraction, with no statistical difference. Moreover, patients in control group were more likely to be ex-smokers (p = 0.01). Post hoc tests using the Bonferroni correction revealed that mean TCHOL concentration while patients admitted to hospital differed statistically significantly between the time points of 3 and 6 months (209 ± 67 mg/dl vs 174 ± 34 mg/dl vs 176 ± 36 mg/dl), p= 0.005 and p = 0.042 respectively. However, there was no statistical significant difference between 3 months and 6 months measurements. Mean glucose concentration while patients admitted to hospital differed statistically significantly between the time points of 3 and 6 months (108 ± 40 mg/dl vs 95 ± 21 mg/dl vs 95 ± 23 mg/dl), p =0.009 and p = 0.012 respectively. However, there was no significant statistical difference between 3 months and 6 months measurements, (p = 1.000). Conclusion: A nurse-led program regarding dietary habits modifications on patients undergoing PCI should be performed along with a long-term follow up after hospital discharge.

What Is the Personal Experience of IBD Patients about Their Anti-TNF-Alpha Therapy?

AIM: To evaluate and compare the patients opinion on the two types of anti- TNF-α therapies in a Hungarian cohort of IBD patients. METHODS: This was a prospective, multicentre, questionnaire-based observational study carried out in three Hungarian tertiary centres. From April to September 2014, an anonymous questionnaire was distributed to patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD), who have received infliximab (IFX) and/or adalimumab (ADA). The survey focused on the preferences of the two anti-TNF-α therapies on the basis of the efficacy, the administration routes and the side effects. RESULTS: 292 IBD patients, 216 CD, 75 UC and 1 indeterminate colitis patient completed the questionnaire. The mean duration of biological therapy was 1.7 (1 - 7) years. IFX treated patients noticed improvement of symptoms at 4 - 5 weeks while ADA treated patients noticed at 5 - 6 weeks. There was no difference between the patients’ satisfaction regarding the types of anti-TNF-α therapy if they received both. However, subcutaneous administration was preferred by ADA-treated patients previously receiving IFX (p = 0.007) compared to intravenous route and they did not intend to change the mode of therapy (p = 0.040). 90% of the patients, receiving only IFX or ADA were satisfied with their present therapy. The majority of patients (186/292, 63.7%) would not switch therapy. 63 of 291, 22% of the patients reported to have some concern with biological therapy—the majority (32/63, 50.8%) due to fear from side effects. CONCLUSION: Generally, patients preferred and would not change the present anti-TNF-α therapy, however, subcutaneous administration was preferred among those patients who had have experience with both.

AR Display Method of a Person＇s Identifier near the Head on a Camera Screen Based on the GPS Information and Face Detection Using Ad hoc and P2P Networking

The spread of social media has increased contacts of members of communities on the lntemet. Members of these communities often use account names instead of real names. When they meet in the real world, they will find it useful to have a tool that enables them to associate the faces in fiont of them with the account names they know. This paper proposes a method that enables a person to identify the account name of the person （＂target＂） in front of him/her using a smartphone. The attendees to a meeting exchange their identifiers （i.e., the account name） and GPS information using smartphones. When the user points his/her smartphone towards a target, the target＇s identifier is displayed near the target＇s head on the camera screen using AR （augmented reality）. The position where the identifier is displayed is calculated from the differences in longitude and latitude between the user and the target and the azimuth direction of the target from the user. The target is identified based on this information, the face detection coordinates, and the distance between the two. The proposed method has been implemented using Android terminals, and identification accuracy has been examined through experiments.

Evaluation of Patients’ Experience Following Dental Implant Surgical Procedure

Background: Patient’s acceptability of dental implant prostheses may be influenced the fact that a surgical procedure is involved. Adequate relevant information by the dental professionals pre-surgery, is therefore, paramount to alleviating the fear of surgery and contribute positively to patient’s ability to cope with post-surgical experience. This study, therefore, aimed at evaluating the postsurgical experience of the dental implant patients. As against what was expected, and relate this with the information given pre surgery. Methodology: Post treatment self-completed questionnaires were administered to consented patients that had dental implants placed between July 2017 and December 2019. The surgical procedure followed the standard protocol and data related to post-surgical experience were collected one week after the surgery to obtain information on the level of pain/discomfort and amount of swelling experienced following surgery. The effect of the information on coping ability following surgery was also assessed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (p value ≤ 0.05). Results: Twenty-seven patients received 44 implants to replace 48 teeth. The mean age of the patients was 45 ± 16.3 (SD) years. Teeth mostly replaced were the maxillary central incisors (39.6%). The majority of the patients 77.7% reported to experience less pain/discomfort than expected and 66.6% had less swelling than expected. While 29.6% felt they had excellent explanation of what to expect, 51.9% said they had good explanation. The post-surgical experience between males and females was not statistically significant (pain: p = 0.08, swelling: p = 0.64). However, the majority (8/12) that had good to excellent information preoperatively, had significantly less discomfort than expected. Conclusion: Positive, encouraging and satisfactory experience of patients following implant surgical procedure is related to adequate and correct information pre-surgery.

患者对预检分诊服务满意度理论框架的扎根理论研究

目的 通过扎根理论研究构建患者视角的预检分诊服务满意度理论框架,为评估和量化患者对预检分诊服务的满意度提供参考。方法 采用目的抽样和理论抽样的方法,选择27例接受过预检分诊服务的患者进行半结构式深度访谈;运用程序化扎根理论的研究方法,采用NVIVO12.0软件辅助对原始数据进行开放式编码、主轴编码及选择性编码,并进行理论饱和度检验。结果 析出患者期望、服务质量、信息供给、人本关怀、持续改进5个主范畴。结论 5个主范畴分别构成预检分诊服务满意度的主体因素、核心因素、关键因素、基本因素和保障因素。该理论框架可为改善预检分诊服务、评估患者满意度提供参考。

监护仪数据临床采集系统的开发与应用

目的缩短护士监护仪数据采集时长,提高工作效率,确保监护仪数据采集准确性,规范监护仪的使用。方法开发监护仪数据临床采集系统并应用于患者监护仪数据的采集。比较系统应用前后监护仪数据采集时长,监护仪显示时间与北京时间的时差,监护仪数据采集的准确性,以及护士对该系统的满意度。结果监护仪数据临床采集系统应用后,数据采集时长、监护仪显示时间与北京时间的时差显著短于应用前(均P<0.05);监护仪数据临床采集系统准确性为100%;护士对系统的满意度评分为(4.68±0.54)分。结论监护仪数据临床采集系统的应用可缩短监护仪数据采集时长,提高护士工作效率,确保数据采集的准确性,规范监护仪的使用,护士对该系统满意程度较高。

侵犯公民个人信息罪的法定犯意涵

个人信息刑法保护模式的选择离不开对侵犯公民个人信息罪本质属性的认识,目前多数学者将本罪理解为自然犯,但这种认识存在诸多误区。根据学界对自然犯/法定犯区分具有共识的三个标准:首先,从古代国家到现代国家、从现代社会到信息社会,个人信息在社会变迁中经历了“古今之变”,只有在信息社会中才得以获得法律的全面保护;其次,侵犯公民个人信息罪的保护法益兼具个人法益和超个人法益的双重面向,不应忽视个人信息作为社会交往之构成要素的集体法益维度;最后,侵犯公民个人信息罪中“违反国家有关规定”是法定犯的前置法律法规,其内涵是国家对个人信息处理者施加的合规义务。因此,侵犯公民个人信息罪是法定犯而非自然犯。以此为起点,开展以侵犯公民个人信息罪为代表的法定犯基础理论研究,是未来值得开拓的重要方向。

B/S架构下基于JSP技术的病人信息查询系统设计

目前,医院信息查询系统广泛采用C/S架构实现,部署、维护和升级等问题十分突出。基于B/S架构并采用JSP技术设计的病人信息查询系统极大地简化了客户端的部署、维护和升级工作,提高了实际工作效率。由于JSP程序代码不需作任何修改就可很容易地移植到不同类型操作系统平台的Web服务器上,因此本系统真正实现了系统的跨平台性。病人信息查询系统的应用为医院医疗、科研和教学活动提供了良好的工作平台。

大数据时代公权力执行与患者个人信息保护

自医疗产业进入了信息智能化发展阶段,若延续对隐私权的严苛保护理念,以私权执行机制为核心,并将其应用于患者个人信息的保护中,在功能与效果上显然欠佳。故建议正视患者个人信息的双重属性,重新确定患者个人信息保护的价值目标——风险防范与损害救济,形成以国家公权力为主导的公共监管与法律执行机制,并辅之以民事实体权益遭到损害时激活民事诉讼救济功能,由此形成防范各类患者个人信息处理风险、覆盖信息处理全过程、公法和私法协同合作的大数据时代患者个人信息保护机制。

比例原则在互联网医院个人信息保护中的适用

数字时代背景下,互联网医院模式在算法技术的基础上应运而生,其在患者个人信息的采集、存储、挖掘、应用等多个环节承担安全保护责任。比例原则作为确保利益均衡的重要法则,具有规范订立互联网医院诊疗服务协议、平衡互联网医院利益与患者个人信息权益、完善患者个人信息权益多元保护机制的重要意义。目前,患者个人信息权益保护面临着恶意引发投保困难、定向推送商业广告、显著提高安全风险等现实困境。因此,应遵循比例原则的精神指向,强调正当性、适当性、必要性与均衡性的审查标准,通过重塑告知同意规则、建立数据监管平台、引入合理裁判机制等途径,促进互联网医院利益与患者个人信息权益的平衡协调。

患者个人信息的国家保护义务:主观权利与客观价值秩序双重属性的统一

患者个人信息处理所涉法律关系,为“公民-国家-第三人”的三方结构;选择基于宪法基本权利位阶的个人信息受保护权所对应的患者个人信息之国家保护义务模式,更能保护患者权益。鉴于目前我国在患者个人信息保护方面的立法滞后、规范不足、公权力权限界定不清等,建议在明确患者个人信息受保护之基本权利的主观权利和客观价值秩序双重属性的基础上,一方面明晰公权力机关在信息处理过程中所应遵守的行为原则,严格限定其权限范围,积极提供行政救济保护,落实国家的消极保护义务,防御国家对患者个人信息的侵害;另一方面基于客观价值秩序属性,以完善追责制度、设立专门的监管组织、优化救济程序、预防第三方侵害等协同保障患者个人信息安全。

User’s Relevance of PIR System Based on Cloud Models

A new method to evaluate fuzzily user＇s relevance on the basis of cloud models has been proposed. All factors of personalized information retrieval system are taken into account in this method. So using this method for personalized information retrieval （PIR） system can efficiently judge multi-value relevance, such as quite relevant, comparatively relevant, commonly relevant, basically relevant and completely non-relevant, and realize a kind of transform of qualitative concepts and quantity and improve accuracy of relevance judgements in PIR system. Experimental data showed that the method is practical and valid. Evaluation results are more accurate and approach to the fact better.

基于数据库的信息处理系统研发与设计

随着大数据技术的发展,对读者阅读行为进行科学的数据分析并搭建相应的可视化系统,实现不同读者信息形象化、个性化服务尤为重要。文中基于B/S结构,在工厂模式的基础上搭建Spring Boot框架,运用slf4j、Java以及数据库等设计个人阅读信息系统。系统分别对不同年龄读者借阅量、各类型图书借阅量、不同年龄借阅占比等数据进行统计,并将其以可视化的方式呈现,进而明确读者需求,提供精准服务,提升读者满意度。多次实验结果表明,所设计系统能对读者行为进行有效的数据分析,把握读者行为趋势,为读者打造一个更加个性化的服务体系。

大数据背景下患者医疗信息的刑法保护

数据化背景下,仅注重患者医疗信息的高效率利用而轻视其安全保护,会引发严重的生理信息安全风险,侵害患者的隐私权、财产权等个人法益以及以医疗信赖关系为代表的社会法益。目前刑法对医疗信息的保护存在行为方式规定不合理、情节认定重视定量而忽略定性等问题,无法有效且合理地应对医疗信息处理全过程中存在的各种风险。故应在反思现实困境的基础上,对医疗信息刑法保护制度予以完善,合理界定刑法规制范围并建立起层级保护的特殊保护体系,实现适当开发利用以增进社会福利与个人安宁生活不受侵犯的平衡。

信息化建设在用药交待服务中的作用

随着信息技术的发展,信息化正在从技术创新走向产业应用。随着"智慧医疗"概念的提出,标志着医疗信息化正在逐步迈向成熟。药房作为患者就医的末端,如何提供优良的用药交待服务给患者,对患者满意度有着较大的影响。将信息技术和每一个微小的医疗场景相结合,才能更全面、深入地推动医改,提升患者就医体验。

患者信息管理系统设计与开发

针对当前医院信息系统(HIS)存在的问题,设计并开发基于B/S结构的患者信息管理系统。介绍系统开发工具,详细阐述系统分析与设计,在此基础上对实现方法进行说明。实际应用表明该系统可以充分发挥对患者信息的管理功能,加快数据录入,降低患者就诊风险和成本。

门诊病人个人因素对其满意度影响探析

目的探索门诊病人满意度的影响因素。方法以山东、河北、天津、东北三省一年内就诊过的人员为调查对象,采用问卷调查的方法,以面访的形式回收问卷195份,有效问卷134份。采用独立样本检验、单因素方差分析、相关分析和回归分析对数据进行了分析。结果发现门诊病人的性别对其满意度影响不显著,患者所处的年龄段和学历对就诊满意度有显著性影响,随着年龄的增长和学历的升高,病人综合满意度有升高的趋势。

分布式计算在Web信息检索中的应用

web信息检索技术是当前研究的热门课题,本文是继上一篇文章<<web信息检索系统中个性化信息模型的研究和实现>>在信息检索方面提出的分布式检索算法的研究,提出了检索的结构模型,检索算法。

不可轻言“知识服务”——关于知识服务能否作为图书馆核心能力的讨论

本文通过对信息与知识的特性的区分,并通过对图书馆读者个性化服务与馆员独立性地位一对矛盾的揭示,提出图书馆读者服务“不可轻言‘知识服务’”,而要提倡信息服务的论点,并从图书馆哲学上的理想主义与自由主义的理论高度印证了这一论点。