EFFECT OF ACUPUNCTURE ON PLASMA STRESS HORMONE LEVELS OF HYPOTHALAMUS-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS IN TYPE II DIABETES WITH CONCURRENT ACUTE CEREBRAL INFARCTION PATIENTS

Objective: To observe the effect of acupuncture on the contents of stress hormones of the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) in treatment of type II diabetes with concurrent acute cerebral infarction patients. Methods: 60 cases of inpatients were randomly and evenly divided into treatment group (conventional medication plus acupuncture) and control (conventional mediation) group. Plasma corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and corticosteroid (CS) contents before and after treatment were measured using radioimmunoassay (RIA) and compared with those of healthy subject group (n=30). Results: Plasma CRH, ACTH and CS levels in patients of both treatment group and control group at admission were significant higher than those of normal subject group (P<0.05). After treatment for 15～30 days, results showed that plasma CRH, ACTH and CS levels in both treatment and control groups lowered significantly in comparison with those of pre treatment (P<0.05 or 0.01); while those of treatment group were even more lower (being closer to the normal values) than those of control group (P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusion: Acupuncture therapy can reduce the stress state of HPA in type II diabetes with concurrent acute cerebral infarction patients, i.e. regulate the neuroendocrine immunological net, which may be one of the mechanisms for acupuncture treatment of cerebral stroke.

Effect of ultraviolet blood irradiation and oxygenation on nerve function and function of the red blood cell membrane pump in patients with acute cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND： Ultraviolet blood irradiation and oxygenation （UBIO） has obtained better clinical effect in treating acute cerebral infarction, but the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of UBIO on the nerve function and activities of K^＋-Na^＋-ATPase and Ca2^＋-Mg2^＋-ATPase activities on the red blood cell （RBC） membrane of patients with acute cerebral infarction. DESIGN： A randomized and controlled study.SETTING： Department of Neurology, Xiangfan Central Hospital.PARTICIPANTS： From January 2000 to December 2001, excluding those above 70 years old, 58 cases of 700 patients with acute cerebral infarction admitted in the Department of Neurology, Xiangfan Central Hospital, were recruited and divided into two groups according to the random number table： UBIO treated group （n=28）, including 17 males and 11 females, aged 40-68 years; and control group （n=30）, including 20 males and 10 females, aged 44-69 years. All the patients agreed to participate in the therapeutic program and detected items. The general informations were comparable without obvious differences between the two groups （P 〉 0.05）.METHODS： ① The patients in both groups received routine treatments, besides, those in the UBIO treated group were given UBIO treatment by using the XL-200 type therapeutic apparatus produced in Shijiazhuang, whose ultraviolet wave was set at 253.7 nm with the energy density of 0.568 J/m^2 per second, UBIO treatment started from the second day after admission, once every other day, with a single course consisting of 5-7 treatments. ② In the UBIO treated group, the venous blood was sampled before and after the first, third and the completion of the treatment course respectively, the venous blood was taken at each corresponding time point in the control group. After centrifugation of the blood at 10 000 rounds per minute, the RBC membrane was separated and then the activities of K^＋-Na^＋-ATPase and Ca2^＋-Mg2^＋-ATPase were detected by means of phosphorus determination.③ The nerve function was scored before and after treatment in both groups with European stroke scale, which included 13 items, the total score was 0-100 points, the higher the score, the better the nerve function. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ：①Score of European stroke scale before and after treatment in both groups.② Comparison of the activities of K^＋-Na^＋-ATPase and Ca2^＋-Mg2^＋-ATPase on RBC membrane between the two groups before treatment and after the first, third and the completion of the treatment. RESULTS： All the 58 patients with cerebral infarction were involved in the analysis of results.① The score of European stroke scale had no obvious difference between the two groups [（49.31±11.48）, （50.58±12.63）, P 〉 0.05], and it was obviously higher in the UBIO treated group than in the control group after treatment [84.66±13.75）, （77.05±11.17）, P 〈 0.05].②The activity of K^＋-Na^＋-ATPase on RBC membrane in the UBIO treated group was significantly increased after the first and third treatment as compared with before treatment [（31.56±19.25）, （27.64±15.83）, （17.67±13.83）, P 〈 0.01], it was still higher after the completion of the treatment than before treatment without obvious difference [（20.86±14.53）, P 〉 0.05]. After the first and third treatment, it was obviously higher in the UBIO treated group than in the control group [19.31±11.88）, （17.44±10.42）, P 〈 0.01]. ③ In the UBIO treated group, Ca2^＋-Mg2^＋-ATPase activity on RBC membrane significantly increased after the first treatment and remained higher than the pre-treatment level throughout the treatment [（27.49±14.72）, （17.41±4.82）, P 〈 0.01]. The activity of Ca2^＋-Mg2^＋-ATPase on RBC membrane was markedly higher in the UBIO treated group than in the control group after after the first, third and the completion of treatment respectively [（24.83±12.88）, （17.70±5.69）; （28.08±13.44）, （16.32±5.29）; （17.42±6.04）, P〈 0.05-0.01]. CONCLUSION： The effect of UBIO treatment against acute cerebral infarction may be mediated by the increased K^＋-Na^＋ ATPase and Ca2^＋-Mg2^＋-ATPase activities on RBC membrane, which enhances the RBC transformation ability so as to lower RBC aggregation and correct high blood viscosity.

Evaluation of corticospinal tract injury with three-dimensional diffusion tensor tract in patients with acute cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND:Three-dimensional diffusion tensor tract(DTT)is the newest imaging to describe the structure of white matter fiber in three-dimensions,it has great significance in dividing the concrete anatomic site of gray and white matter lesions,displaying the correlation with fibrous band and judging clinical prognosis,which is incomparable by other imagings.OBJECTIVE:To observe the conditions of corticospinal tract(CST)in acute cerebral ischemic stroke patients,and analyze the relationship between motor function and the severity of CST injury.DESIGN:A case-control observation.SETTING:Department of Medical Imaging,Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS:Fifteen patients with acute cerebral infarction were selected from Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from February to December in 2005.They all suffered from acute attack and motor disorder of hemiplegic limbs to different extent,and were conformed by CT or MRI.There were 9 males and 6 females,aging 16-87 years old,the median age was 51.7 years,and all were right handed.Fifteen right-handed normal subjects,who were matched by age and sex with the patients in the cerebral infarction group,were selected from the relatives of patients and physicians of the Imaging Department as the control group.All the subjects were informed and agreed with the study.METHODS:The patients with acute cerebral infarction and subjects in the control group received MR diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)with GE 1.5 T nuclear magnetic resonance system,fiber tracking with the software of dTV-Ⅱ.Fractional anisotropy(FA)maps and three-dimensional tractography of bilateral CST of all patients were created.Displacement,continuity and destroy of fibrous bands were observed.At the same time,muscle strength of ipsilateral hand of patients with cerebral infarction was measured with Brunnstrom standard.The correlation between the severity of CST injury and the muscle strength of ipsilateral hand was analyzed with spearman correlation analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①FA values in the infarcted sites and those in the contralateral corresponding sites of patients with cerebral infarction;②CST manifestations in the patients with cerebral infarction and the control group.RESULTS:All the 30 testees were involved in the analysis of results.①The FA values in infarcted sites of white matter were significantly lower than those in the contralateral ones(t=4.570,P<0.001).②In the control group,bilateral CST were reconstructed,they originated from precentral gyrus,went downwards to internal capsule,and extended to pontine and medulla oblongata,each fiber had good uniformity in continuous form.In the patients with cerebral infarction,the forms of contralateral CST were consistent with those in the control group with good continuity.Due to the involvement by the infarcted site to different extents,the ipsilateral CST manifested as continuous interruption and loss of uniformity in anatomic structure and form.The CST involvements were divided into three grades:integrated CST for grade 1(n=2);integrated CST but compressed or displaced for grade 2(n=5);interrupted CST for grade 3(n=8).③The severity of CST injury was obviously correlated with the muscle strength of the ipsilateral hand(r=0.888,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:①CST is injured to different extents in patients with acute cerebral infarction,and the severity of injury is associated with muscle strength.It is indicated that it can be used to judge the prognosis of rehabilitative treatment.②DTT can directly display the status of pyramidal tract more three-dimensionally.

Effect of ultra-low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on dysphagia in elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction and quality of life

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of ultra-low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on dysphagia in elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction and its impact on quality of life.Methods:60 elderly patients with dysphagia caused by acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into rTMS group and control group,30 cases in each group.Both groups received routine drug therapy and swallowing function training.rTMS group was additionally treated by ultra-low frequency(10mHZ)repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for 14 days.The changes of NIHSS score andADL score and NSE serum level and Wa Tian drinking water experiment and Fujishima Ichiro dysphagia scale score and SWAL-QOL score and SF-36 score were observed between the two groups before and after treatment.The clinical effect was evaluated by Wa Tian drinking water experiment.Results:After treatment,The clinical effective rate in rTMS group was significantly higher compared with that in the control group(P<0.05),NIHSS score and serum NSE level were significantly lower compared with the control group(P<0.05),ADL score and Fujishima Ichiro dysphagia score and SWAL-QOL score and SF-36 scores were significantly higher compared with the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,SF-36 total score(or SWAL-QOL Score)was negatively correlated with NSE serum level and NIHSS score,which was positively correlated with ADL score and Fujishima Ichiro dysphagia scale score score.Conclusion:Ultra-low frequency rTMS therapy can reduce NSE level,effectively improve dysphagia in elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction and significantly improve the elderly patients'life quality.

Monitoring the changes in plasm C-reactive protein,fibrinogen and blood white cell in patients with primary hypertension combined with acute cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND： Inflammatory reaction and the increased level of its accompanying active protein play an important role in the occurrence and development of cerebral infarction. C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and white blood cell, as the monitoring index of inflammatory reaction, are very important in the occurrence and development of acute cerebral infarction. OBJECTIVE： To make a comparison between patients with primary hypertension accompanied with acute cerebral infarction and with simple primary hypertension by observing the changes in plasma C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels as well as white blood cell and differential counts and analyzing their significances. DESIGN ： Controlled observation SETTING ： Ward Building for VIP, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University. PARTICIPANTS： Totally 133 patients with primary hypertension were selected from Ward Building for VIP, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University during September 2003 to September 2005, The diagnostic criteria were based on the hypertension diagnosis criteria formulated by the 7^th World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension Guidelines （WHO-ISH） in 1998. The informed consents were obtained from all the participants. The involved patients were assigned into two groups： primary hypertension group, in which, there were 65 patients with primary hypertension （ degree 2）, including 42 males and 23 females, with mean age of （61 ±14）years and mean blood pressure of （162.7±6.8）/（94.2±8.4） mm Hg （1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa）, and primary hypertension combined with cerebral infarction group, in which, there were 68 patients with primary hypertension combined with cerebral infarction （ meeting the diagnostic criteria formulated in the 4^th National Cerebrovascular Diseases Meeting in 1995 and diagnosed by skull CT or MRI to exclude the patients with lacunar infarction）, including 42 males and 26 females, with mean age of （56±15） years and mean blood pressure of （176.4±9.2）/（96.3±9.7） mm Hg. METHODS： Plasm C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels, and white blood cell and differential counts of patients in the two groups were examined 24 hours after stroke. The above indexes were re-examined in the primary hypertension combined with cerebral infarction group 72 hours after stroke. White blood cell and differential counts were performed with laser method （East Asia FE-95001 RAM-1, Japan）. The level of C-reactive protein was measured with turbidimetry （BNII Automatic Systems For Analysis, USA）. The level of fibrinogen was measured with algorithm method when prothrombin time was normal and with Clauss method when prothrombin time was abnormal （ACL Automatic Coagulation Analyzer, USA）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The plasm C-reactive protein and flbrinogen levels, and white blood cell and differential counts 24 hours after stroke in two groups and 72 hours after stroke in primary hypertension combined with cerebral infarction group. RESULTS： All the 133 involved patients participated in the result analysis. The plasm C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels, and white blood cell and neutrophil counts in patients with primary hypertension were all within the normal range. The plasm C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels, and white blood cell and neu- trophil counts in patients with primary hypertension combined with cerebral infarction were significantly higher than those in patients with primary hypertension 24 hours after stroke and 72 hours after stroke respectively[24 hours after stroke：（32.12±11.76） mg/L vs. （5.02±3.21 ） mg/L;（4.64±0.75） g/L vs. （3.12±0.49） g/L; （9.32±81）×10^9 L^- 1 vs. （5.78±1.32）×10^9L^- 1 （7.85±2.38）×10^9 L^- 1 vs.（3.49±1.28）×10^9 L^-1,t =7.094, 5.759,4.106,5.491, respectively,all P〈 0.01; 72 hours after stroke： （47.62±18.43） mg/L vs. （32.12±11.76） mg/L; （5.08±0.82） g/L vs. （4.64±0.75） g/L, t =2.864,2.220, respectively, both P 〈 0.05]. CONCLUSION： The increase in fibrinogen level and white blood cell count are the important index in monitoring primary hypertension combined with acute cerebral infarction. The increase in plasm C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels 72 hours after stroke indicates that plasma C-reactive protein and fibrinogen are very important in the development of disease.

Comparison of the level of thrombus precursor protein in blood plasma between patients with acute cerebral infarction and healthy persons at different time

BACKGROUND： Thrombus precursor protein （TpP） is the index of thrombus activity level, and it is also early referencing index in detecting thrombus diseases. OBJECTIVE： To dynamically observe the changes of TpP level in blood plasma of patients with acute cerebral infarction at different time after onset, and to compare the differences of plasma TpP level between patients with acute cerebral infarction and healthy persons who received health examination. DESIGN： Controlled observation SETTING： Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College PARTICIPANTS： Totally 58 patients with acute cerebral infarction who received the treatment in the Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College between September 2004 and March 2005 were recruited in this study. They all met the diagnostic criteria revised by the 4^th National Conference of Cerebrovascular Disorders in 1995 and were diagnosed by clinical and skull CT and （or） MRI examinations. The patients included 33 male and 25 female aged from 36 to 87 years. Time to onset 〈 6 hours, 6 to 11 hours, 12 to 23 hours, 24 to 48 hours and 〉 48 hours were found in 10,11,14,10 and 13 patients respectively. Another 51 persons who homeochronously received the health body examination in our hospital were recruited, including 34 male and 17 female, aged 38 to 85 years, serving as control group. Patients with cardio-cerebrovascualr diseases or liver and kidney diseases were excluded. All the involved subjects were informed of the detected items. METHODS： About 4 mL venous blood was respectively taken from patients admitted to the hospital within 6 hours, 6 toll hours, 12 to 23 hours, 24 to 48 hours and more then 48 hours after onset, and healthy persons when receiving health examination. The level of TpP in blood plasma was measured with enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ① Comparison of the level of plasma TpP between patients and controls;② Comparison of the level of plasma TpP of patients with acute cerebral infarction at different time after onset. RESULTS： Totally 58 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 51 persons who received health examination participated in the result analysis. ①Comparison of plasma TpP level between patients and controls： The plasma TpP level of patients with acute cerebral infarction was significantly higher than that of control group [（16.12±3.28）vs （5.38±1.36） mg/L, t= 20.993, P〈 0.01 ]. ② Comparison of plasma TpP level of patients with acute cerebral infarction at different time after onset： The level of plasma TpP was （12.06±3.06） mg/L within 6 hours, （15.11±3.42） mg/L at 6 to 11 hours, （20.63±4.05） mg/L at 12 to 23 hours, （16.15±3.50） mg/L at 24 to 48 hours and （11.88±3.11） mg/L at more than 48 hours after onset. It increased from the 6^th hour, reached the peak at the 12^th to 23^rd hours, maintained at very high level at the 48= hour and then gradually decreased and recovered to the level within 6 hours after onset. The level of plasma TpP of patients with acute cerebral infarction was signiticantly higher at the 12^th to 23^rd hours after onset and the 24^th to 48^th hours after onset than within 6 hours after onset （t = 13.385, P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： ①The level of plasma TpP of patients with acute cerebral infarction is significantly higher than that of persons who received health examination.② Plasma TpP levels of patients with acute cerebral infarction change in wave manner at the different time after onset.

Changes of biochemical indexes in patients with acute cerebral infarction after treatment with simvastatin

BACKGROUND: At present, it is believed that the important causes of cerebral infarction are the disorders of lipid metabolism and endothelial function, and the outcomes of clinical treatment can be improved by regulating serum lipids and antiinflammation, etc. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of simvastatin, inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, on the levels of serum lipids, serum enzymic indexes and inflammatory metabolic indexes in patients with cerebral infarction. DESIGN: A comparative observation. SETTING: Department of Geriatrics, Longquanshan Hospital of Liuzhou City. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-eight patients with acute cerebral infarction were selected from the Department of Geriatrics of Longquanshan Hospital of Liuzhou from March 2004 to February 2006, including 24 males and 24 females, the mean age was (54±12) years, average disease course was (10.0±4.5) days. They were all accorded with the diagnostic standard for cerebral infarction set by the Fourth National Academic Meeting for Cerebrovascular Disease in 1999, and cerebral hemorrhage was excluded by cranial CT scanning. The 48 patients were randomly divided into control group (n =24) and treatment group (n =24). Informed consents were obtained from all the participants. METHODS: ① All the patients were treated according to the symptoms, besides those in the treatment group were given simvastatin (Harbin Pharm. Group Sanjing Pharmaceutical Shareholding, Co.,Ltd., No. H20010454; Batch number: 20040218; 5 mg/tablet). The initial dosage was 10 mg per day for 4 weeks, and then increased to 30 mg per day for another 4 weeks. ② Before treatment and within 1 week after treatment, the total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase and C reactive protein in serum were determined with Beckman-cx7 automatic biochemical analytical apparatus in both groups. ③ The differences of intergroup and intragroup data were compared with the independent-samples t test and paired samples t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C, AST, creatine kinase and C reactive protein before and treatment in both groups. RESULTS: All the 48 patients with cerebral infarction were involved in the analysis of results. ① Changes of serum lipids: The levels of serum lipids were close between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). After treatment, the HDL-C level in the treatment group was obviously higher than that in the control group and that before treatment [(1.34±0.12), (0.92±0.33), (0.93±0.21) mmol/L, t =7.922, 11.699, P < 0.01], and the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-C were obviously lower than those in the control group and those before treatment (t =2.780-7.591, P < 0.01). ② Changes of serum enzymic indexes and C reactive protein in serum: The levels of enzymes and C reactive protein in serum had no obvious differences between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). The levels of AST, creatine kinase and C reactive protein in serum after treatment were obviously lower than those before treatment in both groups (t =7.259-17.996, P < 0.01). The levels of levels of creatine kinase and C reactive protein in serum after treatment in the treatment group were obviously lower than those in the control group [(3.061±0.522) μkat/L, (4.6±3.1) mg/L; (4.348±0.580) μkat/L, (12.3±4.8) mg/L, t =7.910, 6.463, P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION: Compared with common treatment according to symptoms, the additional administration of simvastatin is better for improving the serum lipids, serum enzymic indexes of patients with cerebral infarction at acute period, and benefit for repairing their inflammatory damages.

Clinical significance of diabetes on symptom and patient delay among patients with acute myocardial infarction——an analysis from China Acute Myocardial Infarction(CAMI) registry

Background Diabetes is frequently associated with poor prognosis among acute myocardial infarction(AMI)patients.Patients with these comorbidities often have atypical symptoms and subsequent delay in treatment.Few studies have reported detailed AMI symptoms in patients with diabetes.This study compared AMI symptoms and presentation characteristics between diabetics and non-diabetics.Methods We included patients from the China AMI registry diagnosed with AMI between January 2013 and September 2014.Baseline characteristics,symptomology,and delay in treatment were compared between diabetics and non-diabetics.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore independent predictors of atypical symptoms.Results A total of 4450(20.2%)patients had diabetes.They were older,more often women,higher in body mass index,and more likely to have non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction.Fewer diabetic patients presented with persistent precordial chest pain(63.1%vs.68%,P<0.0001),diaphoresis(60.1%vs.65.6%,P<0.0001),fatigue(16.7%vs.18.3%,P=0.0123),and incontinence(0.4%vs.0.7%,P=0.0093).Time to hospital presentation was longer among patients with diabetes than those without.In multivariable analysis,diabetes was identified as an independent predictor of atypical symptoms(OR:1.112,95%CI:1.034?1.196).Conclusions Our study is the first large-scale study providing evidence that diabetics are less likely to present with typical chest pain and more likely to experience treatment delay when suffering from an AMI.Our results may increase clinician awareness of recognizing AMI patients rapidly to reduce diagnosis and treatment delay,particularly in the context of diabetes.

Relationship between glutathione and malonaldehyde levels in erythrocytes and the deformation index of erythrocyte in patients at various periods following acute cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND： Glutathione, as an in vivo free radical scavenger, plays an important role in the anti-oxidation defense mechanism in patients with acute cerebral infarction. OBJECTIVE： To observe the relationship between the levels of glutathione （GSH） and malonaldehyde （MDA）, the metabolite of lipid peroxidation, in erythrocyte and deformation index of erythrocyte in patients at various periods following acute cerebral infarction. DESIGN： Controlled observation.SETTING： Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease of Qingdao Medical College. PARTICIPANTS： We chose 98 inpatients with acute cerebral infarction from Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January to December 2000 , serving as cerebral infarction group, including 50 male and 48 female, with mean age of （62±7）years. There were 23 cases found on the 1^st day after onset; 25 cases on the 3^rd day after onset; 25 cases on the 7^th day after onset; 25 cases on the 14th days after onset, and they were all confirmed by craniocerebral CT or MRI. Another 30 homeochronous inpatients with neurosis, cervical syndrome, lumbar intervertebral disc herniation and motor neuron disease were chosen as control group, including 20 male and 10 female, with mean age of （52±8）years . There was no significant difference in age and gender distribution between two groups （P 〉 0.05）. Patients in the two groups were informed of detected index.METHODS：①Ulnar venous blood was chosen from the patients who were fasted on the 1^st, 3^rd,7^th and 14^th days after onset. Deformation index of erythrocyte was measured with BL88-CKX laser diffraction erythrocyte deformeter and photographing was performed. GSH level in erythrocyte was measured with DTNB assay introduced by Beu-tler. MDA level in erythrocyte was measured with modified thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method.②At each sample collecting , according to the criteria accepted by the Fourth National Conference of Cerebrovascular Disease, intergrant of neurologic impairment 〈 15 points was regarded as mild （n=46）, 15 to 30 points as moderate （n=40）and, 〉 30 points as severe （n=12）. ③ t test was used to compare data between two groups , and linear correlation analysis was used in relationship analysis among indexes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ：① Comparison of erythrocyte GSH and MDA levels and deformation index of erythrocyte at various periods between patients with acute cerebral infarction and controls. ②Correlation of erythrocyte GSH level with erythrocyte MDA level and with deformation index of erythrocyte in patients with cerebral infarction . ③ Relationship between erythrocyte GSH level and severity of disease in patients with acute cerebral infarction. RESULTS： Totally 98 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 30 controls all entered the stage of result analysis. ① Erythrocyte GSH level and deformation index of erythrocyte were lower on the 1^st, 3^rd, 7^th and 14^th days after onset in cerebral infarction group than in control group （P 〈 0.05-0.01）, and erythrocyte MDA level was significantly higher in cerebral infarction group than in control group （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. The three indexes changed most significantly on day 3 after onset in patients, and began to recover or decrease on day 7 after onset and inclined to be normal on day 14 after onset. ② Erythrocyte GSH level was significantly negatively correlated with erythrocyte MDA level in patients with acute cerebral infarction on the 1^st, 3^rd, 7^th and 14^th days after onset （r=-0.534, -0.713, -0.645, -0.656, respectively, P 〈 0.05-0.01 ） ,and significantly positively correlated with erythrocyte deformation index （t-=0.502, 0.560, 0.455, 0.504, respectively, P 〈 0.05）. ③Erythrocyte GSH level was significantly lower in moderate or severe patients with acute cerebral infarction than in mild patients[（0.215±0.088）,（0.192±0.102）, （0.281±0.090） g/L, P〈 0.05]. CONCLUSION：①Erythrocyte GSH and MDA levels and deformation index of erythrocyte change significantly on the 3^rd day following acute cerebral infarction. Index detection results gradually tended to be normal on from the 7^th day to 14^th days day after onset. ② Change of erythrocyte GSH level can reflect the severity of disease of patients with acute cerebral infarction.③Decrease of erythrocyte GSH level in patients with acute cerebral infarction is one of reasons that result in the decrease of deformation ability of erythrocyte.

Electrocardiogram changes in acute cerebral infarction patients

BACKGROUND： Comparison of different stroke locations had been focused in past researches in electrocardiogram （ECG） changes of cerebral stroke patients. Some researches neglected the heart disease in the illness history. OBJ ECTIVE： To discuss ECG changes in different infarction locations and size of acute cerebral infarction and compare with healthy people. DESIGN： Contrast observation SETTING： Shanghai Ninth People＇s Hospital PARTICIPANTS ： A total of 57 patients with cerebral infarction ware selected from the Neurological Department of Ninth People＇s Hospital of Shanghai from March 2003 to September 2005. They were diagnosed according to the criteria revised in the 4^th National Cerebral Disease Conference and brain images. Patients who had heart disease were excluded. There were 32 males and 25 females, who were 65-84 years old. Among them, 23 cases were involved in right hemisphere, 34 cases in left one, 23 in base ganglion, 11 in brain stem, 9 in frontal lobe and 14 in other parts. According to their infarction size （plus size in every different scan）, they were divided into three different groups： large-size group （n = 10） with size larger than 3.5 cm^3, medium-size group （n = 13） with size between 1.5-3.5 cm^3, and small-size group （n = 34） with size smaller than 1.5 cm^3. Another 50 healthy subjects were regarded as control group. There were 29 males and 21 females aged 40- 82 years. All these cases knew and agreed of the examination. METHODS ： Patients received 12-lead ECG examinations within the first 6-24 hours of onset while control group received it at the same time. The HR, PR, QTc, QRS, T wave and ST changes were compared between the two groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The ECG changes and differences in two hemispheres, in different infarction lo- cations and sizes. RESULTS： All 57 patients and 50 healthy subjects ware involved in the final analysis. ① ECG changes in infarction group and control group. There were no differences in HR, QRS time and cases with opposite T wave of infarction group compared with control group （P 〉 0.05）. PR and QTc [（0.167±0.010）, （0.383±0.029） s] in infarction group were longer than those in control group [（0.159±0.008）, （0.361±0.022） s, t = 1.982, 2.363, P 〈 0.05, 0.01]. ST changes cases were 77% （44/57）, which was more than those in control group [46% （23/50）, x^2= 11.072, P 〈 0.01]. ② Comparison of infarction in two hemispheres. HR, PR interval, QRS time, cases with opposite T wave and ST changes showed no differences （P 〉 0.05）, and QTc interval in right hemisphere infarction was longer than left one [（0.391±0.054）, （0.380±0.034） s, t=1.673, P 〈 0.05]. ③ ECG changes in different infarction locations. HR, PR interval, QTc interval, QRS time, cases with opposite T wave and ST changes showed no statistically significantly differences （P〉 0.05）. ④ ECG changes in different infarction sizes. HR, PR interval, QRS time showed no differences （P〉 0.05）. QTc interval in large size group was longer than the others [（0.399±0.044）, （0.388±0.073）t （0.378±0.124） s, F= 3.19, P 〈 0.05]. Cases with opposite T wave and ST changes in large size group were 80% （8/10）, 100% （10/10）, which were higher than those in medium size group [46% （6/13）, 69% （9/13）] and small size group [44% （15/34）, 35% （12/34）, x^2 = 8.495, 10.538, P 〈 0.05, 0.01]. CONCLUSION ： ① PR interval and QTc interval prolonged in cerebral infarction patients. Furthermore, QTc interval was more obvious in large size infarction group and right hemisphere infarction group. ② Infarction location did not affect the changes of ECG.

中药黄芪的药理作用分析及临床应用效果

目的分析中药黄芪的药理作用及其临床应用效果。方法选取2022年10月—2023年10月青岛大学附属泰安市中心医院采用黄芪治疗的88例患者作为观察组,另选择同期应用西医治疗的88例作为对照组,观察运用中药黄芪后患者的临床疗效。结果观察组(95.45%)急性心肌梗死合并心力衰竭总有效率高于对照组(72.73%)(P<0.05)。观察组(90.91%)扩张型心肌病伴心力衰竭总有效率高于对照组(68.18%)(P<0.05)。观察组糖尿病周围神经病变总有效率(100%)高于对照组(77.27%)(P<0.05)。观察组脑血栓总有效率(95.45%)高于对照组(68.18%)(P<0.05)。结论中药黄芪在治疗糖尿病周围神经病变、急性心肌梗死伴心衰、脑血栓后遗症以及扩张型心肌病合并心力衰竭患者中疗效较理想,为临床治疗提供有力依据,同时也为中药在心血管和神经系统疾病治疗中的应用提供新思路。但仍需要进一步的研究来验证其机制和安全性。

急性脑梗死患者急救成功率的影响因素分析

目的:探讨影响急性脑梗死(ACI)患者急救成功率的相关因素.方法:选择2018年7月至2022年7月于本院治疗的115例ACI患者为研究对象.根据溶栓治疗后的生存状况将其分为急救失败组(n=20)和急救成功组(n=95).调查患者的临床资料,经单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析方法对影响ACI患者急救成功率的因素进行分析.结果:115例ACI患者中急救成功95例,急救成功率为82.61%.急救成功组和急救失败组的发病至溶栓时间、神经功能缺损程度、合并糖尿病比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,发病至溶栓时间≥4.5h、重度神经功能缺损、合并糖尿病,均是影响ACI患者急救成功率的独立危险因素(P<0.05).结论:ACI患者急救成功率的影响因素包括发病至溶栓时间≥4.5h、重度神经功能缺损、合并糖尿病.

急性脑梗死合并2型糖尿病患者时间窗内行血管内介入治疗的预后影响因素

目的:探讨急性脑梗死合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者采用时间窗内行介入治疗的预后影响因素。方法:对90例急性脑梗死合并T2DM患者时间窗内行介入治疗,在随访3个月后根据患者预后效果进行分组,分析影响患者的因素。结果:预后不良组30例(33.33%),预后良好组60例(66.67%);多因素logistic回归分析表明,术前NIHSS评分、T2DM病程、基底动脉梗死、HbAlc为影响预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:针对预后影响因素采取合理的应对措施,对患者治疗具有重要意义.

尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉治疗2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗死患者的效果

目的:观察尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉治疗2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗死患者的效果。方法:选取2021年6月至2023年1月该院收治的120例2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗死患者进行前瞻性研究,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组各60例。两组均给予常规降糖治疗,在此基础上,对照组给予依达拉奉治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合尤瑞克林治疗。比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后糖脂代谢指标[空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)]水平、炎性因子[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1(sVCAM-1)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)]水平、血管内皮指标[血栓素B2(TXB2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、内皮素(ET-1)]水平及不良反应发生率。结果:观察组治疗总有效率为93.33%,高于对照组的75.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组FPG、TC、TG水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组IL-6、sVCAM-1、hs-CRP水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组TXB2、VEGF、ET-1水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉治疗2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗死患者,可提高临床疗效,改善糖脂代谢指标水平,减轻机体炎症反应,降低血管内皮指标水平,效果优于单纯依达拉奉治疗。

急性脑梗死伴2型糖尿病的临床及治疗进展

急性脑梗死与糖尿病均是临床常见疾病,二者息息相关,常伴随发生,近年来其共病率呈现逐年上升趋势,因而日益受到医学界重视。高血糖不仅增加急性脑梗死的发病率,而且加剧脑损伤症状,极不利于患者预后。对急性脑梗死伴2型糖尿病临床及治疗的研究将有助于病情评估、治疗方案优化。本文就急性脑梗死伴2型糖尿病的发病机制、临床特征及治疗进展作一综述,旨在为临床提供参考。

2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗死患者血清ADA、 SERPINE1水平及临床意义

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子1(SERPINE1)水平及预后预测价值。方法 选择2019年3月至2023年3月西安工会医院收治的195例T2DM合并ACI患者为ACI组和174例单纯T2DM患者为对照组。比较ACI组、对照组及不同神经缺损程度及预后患者血清ADA、SERPINE1水平,分析T2DM合并ACI患者预后不良影响因素,以及各指标预测预后不良的价值。结果 ACI组血清ADA、SERPINE1水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。随着T2DM合并ACI患者神经缺损程度加重,血清ADA、SERPINE1水平升高(P<0.05)。预后不良组血清ADA、SERPINE1水平高于预后良好组(P<0.05)。重度神经缺损及高水平ADA、SERPINE1、HbA1c是T2DM合并ACI患者预后不良的危险因素(P<0.05)。ADA、SERPINE1联合预测T2DM合并ACI患者预后的曲线下面积为0.896,高于单独预测(P<0.05)。结论 T2DM合并ACI患者血清ADA、SERPINE1水平升高与神经缺损程度较重和预后不良有关,联合检测可预测T2DM合并ACI患者预后不良。

通心络胶囊应用于老年急性脑梗死中的效果及对患者脑循环的改善作用分析

目的探讨在ACI老年患者常规西医药物治疗的基础上应用通心络胶囊的临床价值,并分析给药后患者脑循环受到的影响。方法选取2021年9月至2022年9月入院治疗的120例ACI老年患者,用随机数表法分组,各60例。对照组行尤瑞克林治疗,观察组增用通心络胶囊,比较两组NIHSS评分、mRS评分、ADL评分、血液流变学指标与脑循环动力学参数。结果观察组NIHSS评分、mRS评分低于对照组(P<0.05),ADL评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组全血黏度高切变值、血浆黏度、血细胞比容低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组Qmean、Vmean高于对照组(P<0.05),Rv、CP参数低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在尤瑞克林治疗的基础上给予通心络胶囊,可改善老年ACI患者的临床疗效,其作用机制可能与降低血黏度、改善脑循环有关。

个性化护理对老年2型糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死患者自我管理的影响

目的探讨个性化护理对老年2型糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死患者自我管理的影响。方法选取2022年3月—2023年10月于厦门大学附属中山医院住院的80例老年2型糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死患者。40例纳入对照组实施常规护理,另40例纳入试验组实施个性化护理。比较2组血糖、心功能指标以及自我管理水平。结果护理后,试验组空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hour postprandial blood glucose,2 hPBG)、糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)水平分别为(6.58±1.36)mmol/L、(9.24±1.26)mmol/L、(7.31±1.21)%,低于对照组的(8.43±1.15)mmol/L、(11.03±1.06)mmol/L、(8.25±1.62)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组心率(heart rate,HR)、左室收缩末期内径(left ventricular end systolic diameter,LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end diastolic diameter,LVEDD)水平分别为(84.03±4.35)次/min、(40.13±3.94)mm、(50.17±4.39)mm,低于对照组的(86.24±4.37)次/min、(43.98±4.02)mm、(57.16±4.36)mm;试验组左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)为(47.58±4.02)%,高于对照组的(43.26±3.69)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组饮食控制、血糖监测、服药依从性、坚持运动评分分别为(17.32±1.56)分、(17.48±1.39)分、(15.86±1.26)分、(16.37±1.63)分,高于对照组的(15.23±1.74)分、(14.58±2.31)分、(10.79±1.25)分、(13.12±1.85)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论个性化护理对老年2型糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死患者可有效控制及改善患者血糖与心功能指标,减少并发症,提高患者自我管理水平。

血清Hcy、UA、CRP水平与急性脑梗死合并T2DM患者病情的关系

目的探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、血尿酸(UA)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平与急性脑梗死合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者病情的关系。方法回顾性分析107例健康体检者(健康组)、108例急性脑梗死患者(对照组)、110急性脑梗死合并T2DM患者(观察组)的临床资料,均在2017年2月—2021年4月期间收集,均进行血清Hcy、UA、CRP检测,比较三组血清Hcy、UA、CRP水平,经受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清Hcy、UA、CRP水平对病情严重程度的预测价值。结果观察组Hcy(16.19±6.97)μmol/L、UA(335.70±47.12)mmol/L、CRP(9.24±3.42)mg/L水平均高于对照组、健康组(P<0.05),重度组Hcy(19.82±6.23)μmol/L、UA(362.77±48.09)mmol/L、CRP(10.91±3.31)mg/L水平均高于轻度组、中度组(P<0.05)。经Spearman法分析,急性脑梗死合并T2DM患者病情严重程度与Hcy、UA、CRP呈正相关;经ROC曲线分析,Hcy、UA、CRP及三项联合预测急性脑梗死合并T2DM患者重度病变的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.697、0.720、0.689、0.920。结论血清Hcy、UA、CRP水平与急性脑梗死合并T2DM患者发病机制相关,且与疾病严重程度呈正相关性。

血清AGEs、NSE、GST水平与伴T2DM的急性前循环脑梗死并发血管性认知障碍的关系

目的探讨血清晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)水平与伴2型糖尿病(T2DM)的急性前循环脑梗死(AACI)并发血管性认知障碍(VCI)的关系。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月南京医科大学附属苏州医院收治的185例伴T2DM的AACI患者作为观察组,185例不伴T2DM的AACI患者作为AACI组,另选取同期在南京医科大学附属苏州医院体检的185例健康志愿者作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测受试者血清AGEs、NSE、GST水平对所有患者随访1年,统计观察组和AACI组患者VCI发生率,根据是否并发VCI将观察组患者分为VCI组和非VCI组,比较VCI组和非VCI组临床资料。采用多因素Logistic回归分析伴T2DM的AACI患者并发VCI的危险因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估血清AGEs、NSE、GST对伴T2DM的AACI患者并发VCI的预测效能。结果观察组和AACI组血清AGEs、NSE水平高于对照组,且观察组高于AACI组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组和AACI组血清GST水平低于对照组,且观察组低于AACI组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。VCI组有73例患者,非VCI组有112例患者。观察组、AACI组VCI的发生率分别为39.46%(73/185)和27.57%(51/185)。观察组VCI发生率高于AACI组(P<0.05)。VCI组患者T2DM病程、发病至入院时间长于非VCI组,入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、有颈动脉斑块患者比例、合并高血压患者比例、合并高脂血症患者比例及血清AGEs、NSE水平高于非VCI组,血清GST水平低于非VCI组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,T2DM病程延长、入院时NIHSS评分升高、有颈动脉斑块、合并高血压及血清AGEs、NSE水平升高,GST水平降低均是伴T2DM的AACI患者并发VCI的危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清AGEs、NSE、GST联合预测伴T2DM的AACI患者并发VCI的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.947,大于血清AGEs、NSE、GST单独预测的AUC(Z_(联合-AGEs)=4.632,P<0.001;Z_(联合-NSE)=4.075,P<0.001;Z联合-GST=4.318,P<0.001)。结论血清AGEs、NSE水平升高,GST水平降低均可提高伴T2DM的AACI患者并发VCI的风险,血清AGEs、NSE、GST联合检测对伴T2DM的AACI患者并发VCI的预测效能高于单项指标预测。