Earthquake Activity Features Before Earthquakes with M_S≥7.0 in the Central-Northern Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) Block

We have studied the seismicity features of M_S≥5.0 earthquakes two years before strong earthquakes with M_S≥7.0 occurred in the central-northern Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) block since 1920. The results have showed that there is an obvious gap or quiescence of M_S5.0～6.9 earthquakes near epicenters. We have also studied statistical seismicity parameters of M_S5.0～6.9 earthquakes in the same region since 1950. The results have showed that earthquakes with M_S≥7.0 occurred when earthquake frequency is relatively high and earthquake time, space accumulation degrees are rising. And the prediction effect R value scores are between 0.4～0.7. We have concluded that, before earthquakes with M_S≥7.0 in the central-northern Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) block, M_S5.0～6.0 earthquake activity in the whole area increased and accumulated in time and space, but earthquakes with M_S≥7.0 occurred where M_S5.0～6.0 earthquake activity was relatively quiet.

SONOGRAPHIC PATTERNS AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF CYSTIC RENAL CARCINOMAS

OBJECTIVE: To study the sonographic features and patterns of cystic renal carcinomas. METHODS: Thirteen cases of cystic renal carcinoma confirmed by operation and pathology were examined by ultrasonography, and the cystic walls, septa and solid mural nodules were studied. RESULTS: Solid mural nodules of some cases and irregular thickening of the cystic walls and septa were characteristic findings for the ultrasonic diagnosis of cystic renal carcinomas. According to their pathologic mechanisms and sonographic features, cystic renal carcinomas were classified into 3 patterns: unilocular cystic mass, multiloculated cystic mass and cystic-solid mass. CONCLUSIONS: Typical cystic renal carcinomas can be well diagnosed, while atypical cases may be misdiagnosed as benign renal cysts by ultrasonography. Color Doppler ultrasonography and needle aspiration guided by ultrasonography are helpful in the diagnosis of these atypical cases.

Automated detection and identification of white-backed planthoppers in paddy fields using image processing

A survey of the population densities of rice planthoppers is important for forecasting decisions and efficient control. Tra- ditional manual surveying of rice planthoppers is time-consuming, fatiguing, and subjective. A new three-layer detection method was proposed to detect and identify white-backed planthoppers （WBPHs, Sogatella furcifera （Horvath）） and their developmental stages using image processing. In the first two detection layers, we used an AdaBoost classifier that was trained on a histogram of oriented gradient （HOG） features and a support vector machine （SVM） classifier that was trained on Gabor and Local Binary Pattern （LBP） features to detect WBPHs and remove impurities. We achieved a detection rate of 85.6% and a false detection rate of 10.2%. In the third detection layer, a SVM classifier that was trained on the HOG features was used to identify the different developmental stages of the WBPHs, and we achieved an identification rate of 73.1%, a false identification rate of 23.3%, and a 5.6% false detection rate for the images without WBPHs. The proposed three-layer detection method is feasible and effective for the identification of different developmental stages of planthoppers on rice plants in paddy fields.

Document Clustering Using Graph Based Fuzzy Association Rule Generation

With the wider growth of web-based documents,the necessity of automatic document clustering and text summarization is increased.Here,document summarization that is extracting the essential task with appropriate information,removal of unnecessary data and providing the data in a cohesive and coherent manner is determined to be a most confronting task.In this research,a novel intelligent model for document clustering is designed with graph model and Fuzzy based association rule generation(gFAR).Initially,the graph model is used to map the relationship among the data(multi-source)followed by the establishment of document clustering with the generation of association rule using the fuzzy concept.This method shows benefit in redundancy elimination by mapping the relevant document using graph model and reduces the time consumption and improves the accuracy using the association rule generation with fuzzy.This framework is provided in an interpretable way for document clustering.It iteratively reduces the error rate during relationship mapping among the data(clusters)with the assistance of weighted document content.Also,this model represents the significance of data features with class discrimination.It is also helpful in measuring the significance of the features during the data clustering process.The simulation is done with MATLAB 2016b environment and evaluated with the empirical standards like Relative Risk Patterns(RRP),ROUGE score,and Discrimination Information Measure(DMI)respectively.Here,DailyMail and DUC 2004 dataset is used to extract the empirical results.The proposed gFAR model gives better trade-off while compared with various prevailing approaches.

Application of wavelet transform in feature extraction and pattern recognition of wideband echoes

A novel approach to extract edge features from wideband echo is proposed. The set of extracted features not only represents the echo waveform in a concise way, but also is sufficient and well suited for classification of non-stationary echo data from objects with different property.The feature extraction is derived from the Discrete Dyadic Wavlet Transform (DDWT) of the echo through the undecimated algorithm. The motivation we use the DDWT is that it is time-shift-invariant which is beneficial for localization of edge, and the wavelet coefficients at larger scale represent the main shape feature of echo, i.e. edge, and the noise and modulated high-frequency components are reduced with scale increased. Some experimental results using real data which contain 144 samples from 4 classes of lake bottoms with different sediments are provided. The results show that our approach is a prospective way to represent wideband echo for reliable recognition of nonstationary echo with great variability.

Passive sonar identification (Ⅲ): Feature extraction and pattern plates of double-frequency spectrum as well as average power spectrum

This series of papers deal with vessel recognition. The project is conducted by using fuzzy neural networks and basing on the spectra of vessel radiated-noise. Based on the studies of a large amount of ship radiated-noise data, which has been collected from actual ships on the sea, effectively recognizable features are extracted. Such features include line-spectrum features, stationary and nonstationary spectrum features as well as rhythm features. Finally the categorization are tested by unknown samples on the sea, including 33 surface vessels, 8 underwater vessels in 30 operating conditions. Methods for memorization and classilication are also explored in the project. Paper (Ⅲ) is the thirird in the series. It deals with the extraction method of modulation information in double-frequency power spectrum and the establishment of pattern plate of double-frequency spectrum as well as average power spectrum. To extract features from double-frequency spectrum, the tendency of wave is subtracted from the wave of each channel and the modulation of high frequency is compensated. The modulation degree of lines is shown by relative Value and converted to fuzzy value by fuzzy function. The pattern-plate of double-frequency spectrum memorises stable line and its respective modulation strength. The pattern-plate of average power spectrum memorizes the spectra mean of typical samples and the standard variance

Deep learning of DEM image texture for landform classification in the Shandong area,China

Landforms are an important element of natural geographical environment,and textures are the research basis for the spatial differentiation,evolution features,and analysis rules of the landform.Using the regional difference of texture to describe the spatial distribution pattern of macro landform features is helpful to the landform classification and identification.Digital elevation model(DEM)image texture,which gives full expression to texture difference,is key data source to reflect the surface features and landform classification.Following the texture analysis,landform features analysis is assistant to different landforms classification,even in landform boundary.With the increasing accuracy requirement of landform information acquisition in geomorphic thematic mapping,hierarchical landform classification has become the focus and difficulty in research.Recently,the pattern recognition represented by Convolutional Neural Network has made great achievements in landform research,whose multichannel feature fusion structure satisfies the network structure of different landform classification.In this paper,DEM image texture was taken as the data source,and gray level co-occurrence matrix was applied to extract texture measures.Owing to the similarity of similar landform and the difference of different landform in a certain scale,a comprehensive texture factor reflecting landform features was proposed,and the spatial distribution pattern of landform features was systematically analyzed.On this basis,the coupling relationship between texture and landform type was explored.Thus,the deep learning method of Convolutional Neural Network is used to train the texture features,and the second-class landform classification is carried out through softmax.The classification results in small relief and mid-relief low mountains,overall accuracy are 84.35%and 69.95%respectively,while kappa coefficient are 0.72 and 0.40 respectively,were compared to that of traditional unsupervised landform classification results,and the superiority of Convolutional Neural Network classification was verified,it approximately improved 6%in overall accuracy and 0.4 in kappa coefficient.

Chinese Semantic Parsing Based on Feature Structure with Recursive Directed Graph

It is difficult to analyze semantic relations automatically, especially the semantic relations of Chinese special sentence patterns. In this paper, we apply a novel model feature structure to represent Chinese semantic relations, which is formalized as ＂recursive directed graph＂. We focus on Chinese special sentence patterns, including the complex noun phrase, verb-complement structure, pivotal sentences, serial verb sentence and subject-predicate predicate sentence. Feature structure facilitates a richer Chinese semantic information extraction when compared with dependency structure. The results show that using recursive directed graph is more suitable for extracting Chinese complex semantic relations.