Stormwater runoff samples from a road in China were collected and analyzed for pH,TSS(total suspended solid),TDS(total dissolved solid),COD(chemical oxygen demand),TP(total phosphorus),TN(total nitrogen),Pb,Al,Zn,Fe,C...Stormwater runoff samples from a road in China were collected and analyzed for pH,TSS(total suspended solid),TDS(total dissolved solid),COD(chemical oxygen demand),TP(total phosphorus),TN(total nitrogen),Pb,Al,Zn,Fe,Cd,and Mn.Results showed that the pollutant concentrations from road runoff were relatively high.TSS and COD concentrations exceeded the Class B effluent requirement of the Chinese Standards of Pollutant Discharge from municipal WWTPs(wastewater treatment plants).COD,TP,and TN concentrations exceeded Class V of the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water.TSS,Zn,Fe,and Al concentrations exceeded the USEPA(U.S.Environmental Protection Agency)benchmark values.All these indicated proper runoff treatment to avoid negative impacts on the environment is needed.Metal partitioning analysis was conducted and it showed that Pb,Al,Zn,Fe,and Mn exist mostly in particulate forms in the runoff.Thus,gravitational settlement and filtration can still be cost-effective methods for removing most of these metals.Runoff samples were treated through two bench-scale laboratory set-ups,composed of micron-scale pore pervious paver systems and subsoil.The average removal rates of TSS,TP,and TN were 95.2%,81.8%,64.1%,and 64.4%,respectively.The removal rates of Pb,Al,Zn,Fe,and Cd also reached 50%-99.2%.The tested sand-based pervious paver has micron-scale pores with good filtration potential.The system can effectively reduce stormwater runoff pollution,thereby reducing the potential for groundwater pollution.In addition,residues and sediments collected from the surfaces of the pervious pavers were also tested.The metallic constituents in the residues and sediments were correlated to these in the runoff.Pb and Cr were low in the residues,but Zn exceeded the Class A limit of the Chinese Control Standard of Pollutants in Sludge for Agricultural Applications.Thus,proper disposal of the solid wastes generated from the pavers is also to be further investigated.展开更多
Sensor networks are an essential tool for environmental scientists.As scientists and engineers are beginning to utilize these new methods and devices in their fieldwork,they need to be actively involved in the future ...Sensor networks are an essential tool for environmental scientists.As scientists and engineers are beginning to utilize these new methods and devices in their fieldwork,they need to be actively involved in the future of sensor-networking development.Continued sensor network innovation is important for improved standardization,affordability,and interoperability.This article uses a storm water case study to outline an end-to-end open-innovation sensor network.Open innovation by scientists,engineers,and entities is the collaborative process of creating value for this project in permeable paver runoff data and advances within sensor networking.This article focuses on the technical implementation of the near–real-time location and temporally aware sensor network.Data are streamed in near–real-time with subliter precision to the cloud using common off-the-shelf routers.The sensors use Maxim’s 1-wire™protocol,and the unique digital serial numbers confirm the data.The data retrieved compare residence times within the permeable paver catchment basins and the control basin.Sensor network advances are made by bridging the gap between sensor protocols and communication systems.These advances enable the development of open-source representational state transfer web services.Our successful implementation serves as an example for others to study and expand upon for a variety of monitoring solutions.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China under grant 2022YFC3203804Jiangsu Province Key Research and Development Project BE2020633+1 种基金Jiangbei New Area Key Research and Development Project ZDYF20200129Ili Autonomous Prefecture Science and Technology Project YZ2022A005.
文摘Stormwater runoff samples from a road in China were collected and analyzed for pH,TSS(total suspended solid),TDS(total dissolved solid),COD(chemical oxygen demand),TP(total phosphorus),TN(total nitrogen),Pb,Al,Zn,Fe,Cd,and Mn.Results showed that the pollutant concentrations from road runoff were relatively high.TSS and COD concentrations exceeded the Class B effluent requirement of the Chinese Standards of Pollutant Discharge from municipal WWTPs(wastewater treatment plants).COD,TP,and TN concentrations exceeded Class V of the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water.TSS,Zn,Fe,and Al concentrations exceeded the USEPA(U.S.Environmental Protection Agency)benchmark values.All these indicated proper runoff treatment to avoid negative impacts on the environment is needed.Metal partitioning analysis was conducted and it showed that Pb,Al,Zn,Fe,and Mn exist mostly in particulate forms in the runoff.Thus,gravitational settlement and filtration can still be cost-effective methods for removing most of these metals.Runoff samples were treated through two bench-scale laboratory set-ups,composed of micron-scale pore pervious paver systems and subsoil.The average removal rates of TSS,TP,and TN were 95.2%,81.8%,64.1%,and 64.4%,respectively.The removal rates of Pb,Al,Zn,Fe,and Cd also reached 50%-99.2%.The tested sand-based pervious paver has micron-scale pores with good filtration potential.The system can effectively reduce stormwater runoff pollution,thereby reducing the potential for groundwater pollution.In addition,residues and sediments collected from the surfaces of the pervious pavers were also tested.The metallic constituents in the residues and sediments were correlated to these in the runoff.Pb and Cr were low in the residues,but Zn exceeded the Class A limit of the Chinese Control Standard of Pollutants in Sludge for Agricultural Applications.Thus,proper disposal of the solid wastes generated from the pavers is also to be further investigated.
文摘Sensor networks are an essential tool for environmental scientists.As scientists and engineers are beginning to utilize these new methods and devices in their fieldwork,they need to be actively involved in the future of sensor-networking development.Continued sensor network innovation is important for improved standardization,affordability,and interoperability.This article uses a storm water case study to outline an end-to-end open-innovation sensor network.Open innovation by scientists,engineers,and entities is the collaborative process of creating value for this project in permeable paver runoff data and advances within sensor networking.This article focuses on the technical implementation of the near–real-time location and temporally aware sensor network.Data are streamed in near–real-time with subliter precision to the cloud using common off-the-shelf routers.The sensors use Maxim’s 1-wire™protocol,and the unique digital serial numbers confirm the data.The data retrieved compare residence times within the permeable paver catchment basins and the control basin.Sensor network advances are made by bridging the gap between sensor protocols and communication systems.These advances enable the development of open-source representational state transfer web services.Our successful implementation serves as an example for others to study and expand upon for a variety of monitoring solutions.
