The present study was planned to analyze the yield gap of wheat and its production constraints in order to explore the approaches for narrowing the yield gap of wheat in different wheat-rice rotation regions of Anhui ...The present study was planned to analyze the yield gap of wheat and its production constraints in order to explore the approaches for narrowing the yield gap of wheat in different wheat-rice rotation regions of Anhui Province. The production status and limiting factors of wheat in three rice-wheat rotation regions which are named Region Ⅰ,Region Ⅱ and Region Ⅲ were surveyed by using participatory rural appraisal method. The personnel,who were engaged in wheat production in rice-wheat rotation regions of Anhui Province,mainly ageing from 41 to 60,accounted for 79% of the total personnel in the regions. There were significant differences in yield of wheat which was planted after rice in Anhui. The yield was ranging from 8 907. 00 to 2 700. 00 kg/ha from north to south with an average of 4 978. 5 kg/ha,and the rank of overall average yields at province level was Region Ⅰ( 5 685. 60 kg/ha) > Region Ⅱ( 5 600. 10 kg/ha) > Region Ⅲ( 3 048. 60 kg/ha). The average yield gap of wheat in wheat-rice rotation regions at province level was up to 2 637. 00 kg/ha,and the extreme yield gaps per hectare in the same region were 2 778. 00 kg( Region Ⅰ),2 502. 00 kg( Region Ⅱ) and 1 575. 00 kg( Region Ⅲ) respectively. The objective constraints were Fusarium head blight and pre-harvest sprouting;the subjective constraints were variety selection and layout,poor sowing quality and low seedling quality;social constraints were high cost,low market price and poor efficiency;and ecological constraints were poor soil texture,soil infertility and poor water-and-fertilizer retention. The yield gap of wheat in rice-wheat rotation regions can be effectively reduced by improving yield potential of low-and-medium-yielding fields. Selecting appropriate wheat varieties and layout,constructing disease forecast system,improving agricultural machinery and social service organizations of plant protection,and strengthening scientific training as well as technological training of new agricultural operators and agricultural machinery technicians are the core means to narrowing the yield gap of wheat in rice-wheat rotation regions at province scale.展开更多
Taking the relevant data of 27 provinces in China during 2013 and 2017 as samples,this paper firstly measured the agricultural total factor productivity( TFP) using Malmquist index method. Then,it built the panel data...Taking the relevant data of 27 provinces in China during 2013 and 2017 as samples,this paper firstly measured the agricultural total factor productivity( TFP) using Malmquist index method. Then,it built the panel data model,and empirically tested the impacts of agricultural TFP on the income gap between urban and rural residents. The results show that the improvement in agricultural TFP can promote the narrowing of the income gap between urban and rural residents,and the factors such as urbanization level and industrial structure also have significant impacts on the income gap between urban and rural residents. On the basis of these,it came up with recommendations,including increasing agricultural human capital investment and establishing agricultural production research institutions.展开更多
提升农业绿色全要素生产率,加快农业绿色转型是全面建成社会主义现代化强国的必然选择。研究以中国家庭追踪调查(China Family Panel Studies,CFPS)的全国性大容量样本农户数据为蓝本,在微观测度方法比较分析的基础上,基于技术优化的Mal...提升农业绿色全要素生产率,加快农业绿色转型是全面建成社会主义现代化强国的必然选择。研究以中国家庭追踪调查(China Family Panel Studies,CFPS)的全国性大容量样本农户数据为蓝本,在微观测度方法比较分析的基础上,基于技术优化的Malmquist-Luenberger指数为基准,测度分析了农户层农业绿色全要素生产率的状况,并进一步选用核密度估计法和Dagum基尼系数法,揭示了微观样本农业绿色全要素生产率的动态演变规律及其区域差异特征。主要研究发现如下:1)技术优化的Malmquist-Luenberger指数测度显示,2014年、2016年和2018年3期样本农户的农业绿色全要素生产率均值为1.0030,总体发展态势良好;农业绿色技术变化、绿色技术效率变化的共同作用是驱动农户层面农业绿色发展变化的主要引致因素,且后者的影响程度远大于前者;农户资源配置、管理模式及组织方式的改善优化,在现阶段是农户发展绿色农业的提升关键,其影响相对高于农户农业生产技术的革新。2)通过核密度估算发现,2016年和2018年样本农户的绿色全要素生产率集中度较高,农业绿色技术效率并未出现两级分化,但农业绿色技术进步呈现上升趋势。3)Dagum基尼系数法结果表明,农户层面农业绿色全要素生产率的区域差距不断缩小,区域差距的降幅达22.32%,超变密度是引致主因;在区域内差距上,东、西、中部地区内部,农户的绿色农业差距依次递减;在区域间差距上,东西、东中、中西部间差距不断缩小、协同性不断增强,但差距易受到环境因素影响。展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program Fund of China(2016YFD0300107)Initiative Funds for Talented Scientists in Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences(16F0202).
文摘The present study was planned to analyze the yield gap of wheat and its production constraints in order to explore the approaches for narrowing the yield gap of wheat in different wheat-rice rotation regions of Anhui Province. The production status and limiting factors of wheat in three rice-wheat rotation regions which are named Region Ⅰ,Region Ⅱ and Region Ⅲ were surveyed by using participatory rural appraisal method. The personnel,who were engaged in wheat production in rice-wheat rotation regions of Anhui Province,mainly ageing from 41 to 60,accounted for 79% of the total personnel in the regions. There were significant differences in yield of wheat which was planted after rice in Anhui. The yield was ranging from 8 907. 00 to 2 700. 00 kg/ha from north to south with an average of 4 978. 5 kg/ha,and the rank of overall average yields at province level was Region Ⅰ( 5 685. 60 kg/ha) > Region Ⅱ( 5 600. 10 kg/ha) > Region Ⅲ( 3 048. 60 kg/ha). The average yield gap of wheat in wheat-rice rotation regions at province level was up to 2 637. 00 kg/ha,and the extreme yield gaps per hectare in the same region were 2 778. 00 kg( Region Ⅰ),2 502. 00 kg( Region Ⅱ) and 1 575. 00 kg( Region Ⅲ) respectively. The objective constraints were Fusarium head blight and pre-harvest sprouting;the subjective constraints were variety selection and layout,poor sowing quality and low seedling quality;social constraints were high cost,low market price and poor efficiency;and ecological constraints were poor soil texture,soil infertility and poor water-and-fertilizer retention. The yield gap of wheat in rice-wheat rotation regions can be effectively reduced by improving yield potential of low-and-medium-yielding fields. Selecting appropriate wheat varieties and layout,constructing disease forecast system,improving agricultural machinery and social service organizations of plant protection,and strengthening scientific training as well as technological training of new agricultural operators and agricultural machinery technicians are the core means to narrowing the yield gap of wheat in rice-wheat rotation regions at province scale.
文摘Taking the relevant data of 27 provinces in China during 2013 and 2017 as samples,this paper firstly measured the agricultural total factor productivity( TFP) using Malmquist index method. Then,it built the panel data model,and empirically tested the impacts of agricultural TFP on the income gap between urban and rural residents. The results show that the improvement in agricultural TFP can promote the narrowing of the income gap between urban and rural residents,and the factors such as urbanization level and industrial structure also have significant impacts on the income gap between urban and rural residents. On the basis of these,it came up with recommendations,including increasing agricultural human capital investment and establishing agricultural production research institutions.
文摘提升农业绿色全要素生产率,加快农业绿色转型是全面建成社会主义现代化强国的必然选择。研究以中国家庭追踪调查(China Family Panel Studies,CFPS)的全国性大容量样本农户数据为蓝本,在微观测度方法比较分析的基础上,基于技术优化的Malmquist-Luenberger指数为基准,测度分析了农户层农业绿色全要素生产率的状况,并进一步选用核密度估计法和Dagum基尼系数法,揭示了微观样本农业绿色全要素生产率的动态演变规律及其区域差异特征。主要研究发现如下:1)技术优化的Malmquist-Luenberger指数测度显示,2014年、2016年和2018年3期样本农户的农业绿色全要素生产率均值为1.0030,总体发展态势良好;农业绿色技术变化、绿色技术效率变化的共同作用是驱动农户层面农业绿色发展变化的主要引致因素,且后者的影响程度远大于前者;农户资源配置、管理模式及组织方式的改善优化,在现阶段是农户发展绿色农业的提升关键,其影响相对高于农户农业生产技术的革新。2)通过核密度估算发现,2016年和2018年样本农户的绿色全要素生产率集中度较高,农业绿色技术效率并未出现两级分化,但农业绿色技术进步呈现上升趋势。3)Dagum基尼系数法结果表明,农户层面农业绿色全要素生产率的区域差距不断缩小,区域差距的降幅达22.32%,超变密度是引致主因;在区域内差距上,东、西、中部地区内部,农户的绿色农业差距依次递减;在区域间差距上,东西、东中、中西部间差距不断缩小、协同性不断增强,但差距易受到环境因素影响。
