Preventing Hardware Trojans in Switch Chip Based on Payload Decoupling

Hardware Trojans in integrated circuit chips have the characteristics of being covert,destructive,and difficult to protect,which have seriously endangered the security of the chips themselves and the information systems to which they belong.Existing solutions generally rely on passive detection techniques.In this paper,a hardware Trojans active defense mechanism is designed for network switching chips based on the principle of encryption algorithm.By encoding the data entering the chip,the argot hidden in the data cannot trigger the hardware Trojans that may exist in the chip,so that the chip can work normally even if it is implanted with a hardware Trojans.The proposed method is proved to be effective in preventing hardware Trojans with different trigger characteristics by simulation tests and practical tests on our secure switching chip.

Dynamic shared segment protection algorithm with differentiated reliability in GMPLS networks

To improve the resource utilization ratio and shorten the recovery time of the shared path protection with differentiated reliability （SPP-DiR） algorithm, an algorithm called dynamic shared segment protection with differentiated reliability （DSSP-DiR） is proposed for survivable GMPLS networks. In the proposed algorithm, a primary path is dynamically divided into several segments according to the differentiated reliability requirements of the customers. In the SPP-DiR algorithm, the whole primary path should be protected, while in the DSSP- DiR algorithm, only partial segments on the primary path need to be protected, which can reduce more backup bandwidths than that in the SPP-DiR algorithm. Simulation results show that the DSSP-DiR algorithm achieves higher resource utilization ratio, lower protection failure probability, and shorter recovery time than the SPP-DiR algorithm.

Effect of Inertial Shock on RF MEMS Capacitive Switches Property in Low Vacuum

The influence of outside inertial shock combined with RF signal voltages on the properties of a shunt capacitive MEMS switch encapsulated in a low vacuum environment is analyzed considering the damping of the air around the MEMS switch membrane. An analytical expression that approximately computes the displacement induced by outside shock is obtained. According to the expression, the minimum required mechanical stiffness constant of an MEMS switch beam in some maximum tolerated insertion loss condition and some external inertial shock environment or the insertion loss induced by external inertial shock can also be obtained. The influence is also illustrated with an RF MEMS capacitive switch example,which shows that outside environment factors have to be taken into account when designing RF MEMS capacitive switches working in low vacuum. While encapsulating RF MEMS switches in low vacuum diminishes the air damping and improves the switch speed and operation voltage,the performances of a switch is incident to being influenced by outside environment. This study is very useful for the optimized design of RF MEMS capacitive switches working in low vacuum.

An Interconnected Multi-Plane Multi-Stage Fault-Tolerant On-Board Switching Fabric

The harsh space radiation environment compromises the reliability of an on-board switching fabric by leading to cross-point and switching element(SE)faults.Different from traditional faulttolerant switching fabrics only taking crosspoint faults into account,a novel Input and Output Parallel Clos network,referred to as the(p_1,p_2)-IOPClos,is proposed to tolerate both cross-point and SE faults.In the(p_1,p_2)-IOPClos,there are p_1 and p_2 expanded parallel switching planes in the input and output stages,respectively.The multiple input/output switching planes are interconnected through the middle stage to provide multiple paths in each stage by which the network throughput can be increased remarkably.Furthermore,the network reliability of the(p_1,p_2)-IOPClos under the above both kinds of faults is analyzed.The corresponding implementation cost is also presented along with the network size.Both theoretical analysis and numerical results indicate that the(p_1,p_2)-IOPClos outperforms traditional Clos-type networks at reliability,while has less implementation cost than the multi-plane Clos network.

Optimal fuzzy switch placement to increase automation level of electric distribution network considering asset management principles

Since distribution sector is inherent into high amount of failures, distribution companies (DISCOs) are responsible of attaining an acceptable value for the reliability indices and otherwise they will face up to complaints. So they are usually obligated by regulators to invest on reliability improvement of network. But this investment on reliability is usually from the DISCO’s viewpoint and is also irrespective of customer satisfaction level. In other words, customers are not at the same level of sensitivity to interruptions but DISCO improves the reliability of network without considering the differences in importance degree of loads and their level of reliability requirement. On the other hand DISCOs attempt to reduce their investment costs as much as possible. This paper introduces a novel approach in the field of joint switch placement that can reduce the switch cost from the perspective of asset management policies. To this end, two switch placement plannings in different types of strategies are performed to compare their results. Firstly as witch placement is performed based on reducing the total energy not supplied (ENS) of the system. Then by revising the strategy, a fuzzy switch placement is performed from the DISCO’s point of view which just considers the total ENS of load points most sensitive to interruptions known as important or critical loads. Furthermore, by meeting the related constraints, the reliability of low sensitive customers is disregarded. This is a load importance based planning which can result in switch cost reduction relative to the amount achieved in previous strategy and implies the management of risks associated with reliability and respective constraint. Fuzzy method and new switching mechanism in fuzzy environment of network are implemented to modeling and controlling the risks associated to ENS of critical loads and also the ENS of system.

Resistive switching memory for high density storage and computing

The resistive random access memory(RRAM)has stimulated a variety of promising applications including programmable analog circuit,massive data storage,neuromorphic computing,etc.These new emerging applications have huge demands on high integration density and low power consumption.The cross-point configuration or passive array,which offers the smallest footprint of cell size and feasible capability of multi-layer stacking,has received broad attention from the research community.In such array,correct operation of reading and writing on a cell relies on effective elimination of the sneaking current coming from the neighboring cells.This target requires nonlinear I-V characteristics of the memory cell,which can be realized by either adding separate selector or developing implicit build-in nonlinear cells.The performance of a passive array largely depends on the cell nonlinearity,reliability,on/off ratio,line resistance,thermal coupling,etc.This article provides a comprehensive review on the progress achieved concerning 3D RRAM integration.First,the authors start with a brief overview of the associative problems in passive array and the category of 3D architectures.Next,the state of the arts on the development of various selector devices and self-selective cells are presented.Key parameters that influence the device nonlinearity and current density are outlined according to the corresponding working principles.Then,the reliability issues in 3D array are summarized in terms of uniformity,endurance,retention,and disturbance.Subsequently,scaling issue and thermal crosstalk in 3D memory array are thoroughly discussed,and applications of 3D RRAM beyond storage,such as neuromorphic computing and CMOL circuit are discussed later.Summary and outlooks are given in the final.

Low switching loss and increased short-circuit capability split-gate SiC trench MOSFET with p-type pillar

A split-gate SiC trench gate MOSFET with stepped thick oxide, source-connected split-gate(SG), and p-type pillar(ppillar) surrounded thick oxide shielding region(GSDP-TMOS) is investigated by Silvaco TCAD simulations. The sourceconnected SG region and p-pillar shielding region are introduced to form an effective two-level shielding, which reduces the specific gate–drain charge(Q_(gd,sp)) and the saturation current, thus reducing the switching loss and increasing the short-circuit capability. The thick oxide that surrounds a p-pillar shielding region efficiently protects gate oxide from being damaged by peaked electric field, thereby increasing the breakdown voltage(BV). Additionally, because of the high concentration in the n-type drift region, the electrons diffuse rapidly and the specific on-resistance(Ron,sp) becomes smaller.In the end, comparing with the bottom p~+ shielded trench MOSFET(GP-TMOS), the Baliga figure of merit(BFOM,BV~2/R_(on,sp)) is increased by 169.6%, and the high-frequency figure of merit(HF-FOM, R_(on,sp) × Q_(gd,sp)) is improved by310%, respectively.

Repulsive firefly algorithm-based optimal switching device placement in power distribution systems

To achieve optimal configuration of switching devices in a power distribution system,this paper proposes a repulsive firefly algorithm-based optimal switching device placement method.In this method,the influence of territorial repulsion during firefly courtship is considered.The algorithm is practically applied to optimize the position and quantity of switching devices,while avoiding its convergence to the local optimal solution.The experimental simulation results have showed that the proposed repulsive firefly algorithm is feasible and effective,with satisfying global search capability and convergence speed,holding potential applications in setting value calculation of relay protection and distribution network automation control.

Optimization of a Multi-node System Reliability Model

In order to improve the reliability of an electronic or a computer system, redundant components always need to be added as part of the system. When an active component falls, a standby component will be activated to guarantee the system in operation continuously. The standby component and the switching device have been usually assumed to be continuously functional duriv,g the setup of the reliability model. In fact, it is these two asstuxtptions that induce deviations during modeling and introduce variances for the system reliability design. Through modeling and optiming the dependability of the synchronous clock system that decomposed from a multi-node system, a new reliability model which takes these two elements into consideration has been developed. Simulation results demonstrate that the upgraded reliability model is closer Io the actual dependability of the real system. The capability of the system reliability design is also improved as a result.

支路开关自放电对大型多路并联FLTD脉冲源可靠性的影响

快脉冲直线型变压器驱动源(fast linear transformer driver,FLTD)是建设下一代大型Z箍缩装置最有前景的技术路线之一。大型FLTD脉冲源中数以万计气体开关的可靠运行是提高Z箍缩装置可靠性的重要因素。该文基于15 MAZ箍缩科学实验装置的FLTD脉冲源设计,采用Monte-Carlo方法建立考虑支路开关自放电及其载荷共享效应的FLTD脉冲源可靠性计算模型,分析开关故障模式及其触发策略对脉冲源可靠性的影响。结果表明,主支路开关自放电产生的故障电压会引起开关级联自放电,降低装置可靠性。若主支路开关工作系数设定在0.5~0.7范围内,FLTD脉冲源故障率可低于1×10^(-4)。此外,触发器及触发支路开关的高可靠性对于提升脉冲源可靠性至关重要,增加触发器脉冲数量、降低触发器自放电故障率能够有效提升脉冲源可靠性,当触发器脉冲数量提升至4倍后,FLTD脉冲源故障率有望降低至1×10^(-5)以下。研究结果为大型FLTD脉冲源的开关工作系数及触发策略的选取提供参考,具有重要的工程应用价值。

军用千兆以太网交换芯片的设计与制造

基于以太网交换芯片作为网络核心器件广泛应用于通信领域设计实现了8端口管理型千兆以太网交换芯片。除了实现以太网数据帧交换外,还实现了端口使能、端口保护、链路聚合、端口镜像、速率控制、发送队列调度、缓存访问、软件全局复位等安全和可靠性功能。完成验证和版图设计后在国内65 nm工艺线上完成流片,在国内军封线上完成封装、测试和筛选等制造环节。国产网络设备测试表明:功能满足协议和设计要求,丢包率为0%,吞吐量与理论值一致。该芯片设计、工艺和关键原材料均实现国产化,可应用于船舶、武器装备、航空航天等领域。

基于故障树分析法的某控制系统故障与可靠性研究

针对复杂卫星载荷控制系统高可靠性提升问题,聚焦系统故障潜在原因,提出一种基于量化底事件与顶事件重要度解析的故障树分析方法。以卫星载荷控制系统设计原理及功能为基础,利用故障树分析法定义故障树顶事件,查找故障原因,确定与底事件之间的逻辑关系,构建故障树;利用布尔代数方法确定故障树最小割集,对故障树底事件进行定性分析;通过最小割集失效率对顶事件进行定性分析,调整单一底事件的质量参数,对底事件与顶事件重要度依赖关系进行量化。研究结果表明,故障树能直观显示系统存在的故障原因,主控芯片故障、时钟信号异常、上位机复位通道故障等为影响系统可靠性的主要故障因素,可根据量化底事件对顶事件故障的影响程度,实现对产品设计、生产、调试、运行过程中潜在故障的预先排查。

空间站电动工具开关按钮性能退化特性加速寿命试验与可靠性评估

面向中国空间站在轨寿命评估与延寿需求,以舱外电动工具开关按钮为对象,开展综合考虑在轨长期贮存与短期作业交替影响的加速寿命试验,设置多温度水平,研究开关按钮性能退化特性和失效机理,并采用基于伪寿命分布的可靠性评估方法开展评估工作。加速寿命试验结果显示:开关按钮在50℃和80℃温度下出现按压力松弛现象,按压力退化与时间呈线性关系;在110℃和140℃温度下出现卡滞、卡死和润滑脂溢出现象,且按压力迟滞量在贮存后期显著增大。可靠性评估结果显示:开关按钮满足10年寿命末期可靠度0.9954的指标要求。文章所述研究方法可为空间站内其他长期贮存单机的可靠性评估提供借鉴。

一种感应耦合能量传输系统的软启动控制方法

为解决目前感应耦合能量传输系统启动阶段电流冲击大、启动可靠性较差等问题,提出一种新型软启动控制方法。分析了基于串-串型补偿电路的感应耦合能量传输系统的数学模型,对比分析高频逆变器不同调制占空比与启动特性之间的关系,对系统软启动调节时间长度、占空比调制载波频率等关键参数进行了选取。所提软启动控制方法可较好地抑制启动冲击电流以及软启动调节时间过后的电流振荡现象,并实现高频逆变器在全时间范围内的零电压开关,降低了高频逆变器的开关损耗,进一步提高了系统的安全性和可靠性。基于研制的感应耦合能量传输系统实验样机进行实验,实验结果证明了所提软启动控制方法的有效性。

基于碳化硅电源的双芯智能电能表的可靠性测试研究

基于碳化硅电源的双芯智能电能表是新技术在工程领域特别是电力行业的重要尝试。针对其缺少可靠性检测标准的问题,文中根据现有智能电能表运行环境,同时结合碳化硅开关电源和双芯智能电能表特点,通过对电能表各项应力分析,提出了其可靠性检测方案及相应具体方法。提出的检测方案对于确定基于碳化硅开关电源的双芯智能电能表整机的可靠性指标具有十分重要的指导意义,从而实现提升智能电网技术水平,保障电网安全稳定运行的目的。

轨道交通用直流开关电器故障分析

基于现有轨道交通用直流开关电器在使用中出现的故障,本文对地铁车辆检修时出现的断路器和接触器典型故障进行了统计,按非金属件故障和金属件故障进行了归类,通过分析故障的危险程度,将故障分为一般故障和严重故障,发现了故障存在共性问题,为车辆检修提供了更换或继续使用的评判依据。同时本文对各种故障进行分析,也对其提供了解决故障的有效措施及处理意见,旨在进一步提高产品可靠性,降低产品故障率。

可逆涡轮切换机构动力学分析

为提升燃气轮机中切换机构的可靠性,保障船舶的机动性,对切换机构的动力学特性进行研究,通过运动仿真模拟方法分析间隙值和工作载荷对挡板运动规律的影响。研究发现:挡板转动偏差与间隙宽度呈线性关系,在正车切换为倒车的过程中,间隙的影响逐渐减弱,间隙和切换速度对接触力的波动有显著影响;在倒车切换为正车的过程中,切换速度的提升会导致接触力的波动幅度增大。为防止机构卡死,对挡板结构进行优化,消除干涉现象,提高切换机构的整体可靠性,为船用燃气轮机切换结构的设计提供理论依据。

国际会议中心供配电系统设计探讨

以广州白云国际会议中心国际会堂为例,介绍这类对供电可靠性要求很高的会议中心供配电系统的情况和特点。通过案例分析和比较,探讨供配电系统中10kV中低压系统接线方案、移动发电机、UPS等关键电气设备的设置原则和注意事项。

数据中心中压负荷逐级投切解决方案简析

根据数据中心负荷逐级投切装置的控制要求,对目前应用比较多的专用负荷逐级投切装置、带有负荷逐级投切功能的10kV双电源转换开关控制器、采用分立元器件自行搭建和编程的PLC控制器、基于IEC61850光纤环网GOOSE传输技术的数字通信自动控制几种负荷逐级投切解决方案进行比较分析,并提出选择建议。

一种安全切换模块的设计与控制方法

为解决既有信号系统安全计算机平台双系热备切换时存在的切换时间长、可靠性差的不足,设计一种具备高可靠性与安全性的切换模块。通过对该模块的系统方案和控制逻辑的分析与验证,实现当安全计算机平台中任意一系出现异常时,平台主/备系与安全切换模块通过双模接口的安全通信、运算后确定主/备系状态,由此实现平台快速、无扰、安全切换与平稳运行,从而提高系统的安全性及可靠性。