Layered Metal Composites: Newest Generation of Radiation-Protective Materials

The expediency of development of one of the newest highly effective radiation-protective materials—layered composites of “light metal/heavy metal” type is substantiated. The characteristics of the internal architecture of composites of Al/Pb type made by consecutive application of vacuum and normal atmospheric rolling are adduced. The differences between the radioisotope and accelerating techniques of experimental testing of radiation-protective properties of materials are described. The results of the testing of composites and the influence of their structure on radiation-protective properties of the investigated materials are characterized. It is shown that the radiation-protective efficiency of composites certain structures may be 30% - 40% higher than the aluminum. This gives the opportunity to reduce the weight of radiation-protective structure at preservation of effectiveness of protection at aluminum level, or to increase the effectiveness of protection at constant weight of this structure.

新型节能Pb(1%Ag)/Al层状复合阳极电化学分析和电位分布模拟

为探索Pb(1%Ag)/Al层状复合阳极的电化学性能,采用线性扫描伏安(LSV)法、阳极表面电势分布测试方法和扫描电镜(SEM)分析了Pb(1%Ag)/Al层状复合阳极和常规Pb-1%Ag合金阳极的极化曲线、电势分布曲线和阳极表面腐蚀形貌。结果表明,Pb(1%Ag)/Al层状复合电极的钝化电位比常规Pb-1%Ag合金电极低31.1%,且电位分布比常规Pb-1%Ag合金电极均匀,腐蚀形貌比常规Pb-1%Ag合金电极致密。因此,Pb(1%Ag)/Al层状复合电极较常规Pb-1%Ag合金电极具有较低的电极电位、均匀的电势分布和较好的耐腐蚀性能。同时,采用ANSYS模拟平行板电容器电场分布的方法来模拟电势分布,并结合电势分布曲线,分析电势分布趋势以验证电势分布测试方法的准确性。结果表明,模拟数据与实验数据相吻合,进一步印证了Pb(1%Ag)/Al层状复合阳极具有较高的导电性能和电化学性能。

液固包覆法制备Al-Pb层状复合材料及其界面研究

利用键参数函数理论分析了第三组元Bi或Sn作为Al-Pb非混溶体系实现冶金结合一体化的可行性,并采用液-固包覆成型的方法制得了Al-Bi-Pb及Al-Sn-Pb层状复合材料,通过SEM、EDS等检测手段分析研究试样的显微组织,并讨论了界面的扩散现象。结果表明:第三组元Bi或Sn的引入将Al、Pb的混合焓ΔHmin降低到零以下,在扩散动力学作用驱使下使各元素间在界面处发生了迁移和互扩散,形成了成分调控区,表现为一条状的均质固溶体带,实现了Al与Pb之间的冶金结合。

Pb/Al层状复合阳极内部Al芯厚度对电解槽内电场分布的影响（英文）

为揭示Pb/Al层状复合阳极节能机理,采用ANSYS软件模拟锌电解槽中电场的分布.研究了Al芯厚度对Pb/Al层状复合阳极板在锌电解槽中各子域电场分布的影响.结果表明:电解槽电势云图为:阳极板及其附近的电解液为等势区、阴极板及其附近的电解液为等势区、极板之间电解液电势梯度是最密集区也是电解发生区,符合电解过程各个区域的电势分布情况.在加载电压相同的情况下,Pb/Al复合阳极板电势分布比传统的Pb-1%Ag合金阳极板电势分布均匀,且随着Al芯厚度的增加均匀程度更高.随着Al芯厚度的增加,阳极板电阻电压和电流密度也逐渐降低,降低幅度明显,且电流密度分布比传统的Pb-1%Ag合金阳极板电流密度更加均匀.Al芯厚度对Pb/Al复合阳极节能性能影响很大.