电厂粉煤灰、炉渣和污泥复合陶粒对低浓度Pb^(2+)的吸附特性

针对重金属污染具有来源广、危害大等特点,通过以电厂废物(粉煤灰、炉渣)和脱水污泥为原料制备一种高效且价廉的陶粒吸附剂,采用吸附影响因素实验、解吸再生实验、吸附动力学模型和等温吸附模型的拟合以及陶粒表征分析,探究陶粒对Pb^(2+)的吸附特性,同时为实现废物资源化利用提供新思路.结果表明:陶粒去除Pb^(2+)的较佳吸附条件为粒径4 mm、pH 4.5~5.0、吸附时间360 min、吸附温度25℃.陶粒再生所用较佳解吸剂为0.5 mol/L的HCl溶液,较佳解吸时间和次数分别为120 min和5次,解吸5次后陶粒对Pb^(2+)的去除率为92.67%.此吸附过程更好地遵循了准二级动力学模型和Freundlich等温吸附模型.陶粒上的O-H、Si-O和金属氧化键在吸附Pb^(2+)的过程中起主要作用.陶粒吸附Pb^(2+)后,出现了新的物相Pb_(2)Cl_(3)OH和PbO,陶粒与Pb^(2+)之间发生化学吸附,为自发进行的放热反应.陶粒处理实际废水中Pb^(2+)的去除率可达93.70%,Pb^(2+)浓度由3.74 mg/L降至0.24 mg/L.研究显示,电厂粉煤灰、炉渣和污泥复合陶粒对Pb^(2+)具有一定的去除效果,可为以固体废物为原料制备的吸附剂在重金属废水处理应用中提供数据支撑.

玉米秸秆复合高吸水树脂的制备及对Pb^(2+)的吸附研究

以来源丰富的玉米秸秆、高岭土为原料,以丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺为聚合单体,通过水溶液聚合法制备了复合高吸水树脂,并用红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其结构进行了表征分析。利用合成的复合高吸水树脂对含Pb^(2+)模拟废水进行了吸附研究,考察了复合高吸水树脂用量、Pb^(2+)初始浓度、吸附时间和溶液pH及对Pb^(2+)去除率的影响,最优条件下复合高吸水树脂对Pb^(2+)的去除率达88.57%,吸附Pb^(2+)后的复合高吸水树脂经处理后可循环使用。

碳化处理对再生微粉吸附Pb^(2+)行为与机理的影响

随着工业的发展,大量含铅废弃物被排放到环境中,给水体带来了严重的污染。本研究采用经碳化处理的再生混凝土微粉(CRCF)作为吸附剂,针对硝酸铅配制的铅污染溶液开展吸附试验,并测试分析了吸附剂的物相、微观结构和稳定性。研究表明,CRCF对Pb^(2+)具有良好的吸附效果,24 h后可达到93.1%(质量分数,下同)的去除率;CRCF对Pb^(2+)的吸附稳定性较高,吸附后仅有极少量的Pb^(2+)浸出;吸附反应中,Pb^(2+)静电吸附在CRCF表面,与CRCF发生离子交换并在表面形成碳酸盐沉淀,最终主要以碳酸盐的形式固定在CRCF中;CRCF可作为一种低成本的Pb^(2+)高效吸附剂,可有效应用于含铅废水的治理,实现废物资源化再利用。

Pb^(2+)对掺杂硼硅酸盐玻璃中CsPbBr_(3)钙钛矿量子点发光性能的影响

硼硅酸盐玻璃包覆钙钛矿CsPbBr_(3)量子点(PQDs@glass)能够大幅提高PQDs的稳定性,使其在LED照明和显示技术中拥有广泛的应用空间。然而,玻璃包覆的同时也导致了PQDs发光强度与量子产率降低。本工作为提高其发光强度探讨了热诱导温度及Pb^(2+)的含量对PQDs@glass结构的影响,当热诱导温度为460℃,Pb^(2+)浓度为6 mol时,其发光强度最高。研究发现,Pb^(2+)浓度的增加会导致玻璃网状结构的致密化,改变玻璃组分的扩散行为,影响PQDs的析晶过程,导致PQDs@glass发光强度的变化。本工作得到量子产率高达95.6%的PQDs@glass,并实现了硼硅酸盐玻璃基质内PQDs的尺寸可控制备。结果表明,PQDs尺寸分布在10 nm左右,超过86%的颗粒尺寸在6~14 nm内,且具有优越的稳定性,经历10次室温至200℃热循环后,发光强度仍能保持初始强度的98.9%。最后,为了验证其在LED照明及显示领域的应用,将制备的量子点微晶玻璃粉料与二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)混合,得到的LED器件性能优异,色域范围覆盖110%sRGB。本研究为PQDs@glass的大规模制备及其在LED器件领域的应用奠定了基础。

重金属Pb^(2+)对早熟禾种子萌发的影响

[目的]探究重金属铅对早熟禾种子萌发的影响。[方法]用不同浓度Pb^(2+)(20、40、60、80 mg/L)处理早熟禾种子,测定Pb2+对早熟禾种子萌发、叶绿素以及生根等指标的影响。[结果]随着Pb2+浓度的增加,草籽的萌发率、发芽指数降低,但降低趋势不明显。逐日萌发率在第3天出现高峰,早熟禾的根茎长度呈下降趋势。叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量降低明显,类胡萝卜素含量在Pb^(2+)浓度80 mg/L时增加。[结论]早熟禾种子的萌发率在Pb^(2+)浓度20~80 mg/L范围内受影响较小,而叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量以及幼苗根茎的生长受到一定的抑制。

酸改性污泥基复合陶粒对Pb^(2+)的吸附性能研究

以污泥、磷尾矿和赤泥为原料制备陶粒,用盐酸、硝酸和柠檬酸进行改性,研究陶粒对水中Pb^(2+)的吸附效果,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、表面基团、零电荷点(pHPZC)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)分析陶粒对Pb^(2+)的吸附机理。结果表明,低浓度盐酸或硝酸改性陶粒对Pb^(2+)的去除率更好,柠檬酸改性陶粒对Pb^(2+)的去除率低于未改性陶粒。酸改性陶粒具有比表面积大、孔隙结构发达、酸性基团含量多、等电点低等特点,对Pb^(2+)的吸附同时存在物理吸附和化学吸附过程,可用作含Pb^(2+)废水的处理材料。

基于发夹DNA动态自组装树枝状聚合物放大策略的荧光传感体系测定水中Pb^(2+)的含量

基于GR-5脱氧核酶(GR-5 DNAzyme)对Pb^(2+)的特异性识别和发夹DNA动态自组装树枝状聚合物信号放大策略,构建了一种新型无酶、高灵敏检测Pb^(2+)的荧光传感体系。分别于95℃恒温孵育合成序列扩展GR-5 DNAzyme复合物(GR-5E-S,由GR-5 DNAzyme酶链GR-5E和底物链GR-5S合成)以及Y型骨架(由骨架链Y1、Y2、Y3合成),于25℃恒温孵育合成发夹三聚体(由Y型骨架和发夹链H1、H2、H3合成,其中发夹链H1上修饰有荧光团和猝灭团)。将水样4μL添加到96μL含400 nmol·L^(-1)GR-5E-S,400 nmol·L^(-1)发夹三聚体的反应溶液中,于25℃孵育40 min。当水样中存在Pb^(2+)时,GR-5E-S识别Pb^(2+),底物链被切割,酶链和底物链分开并释放出目标链T,目标链T与发夹链H1杂交触发动态自组装过程,生成树枝状聚合物,于520 nm处测量荧光强度。结果显示:建立的荧光传感体系可在40 min内完成检测;Pb^(2+)的浓度在0.1~10.0 nmol·L^(-1)内与对应的传感体系的荧光强度呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为19 pmol·L^(-1);按照标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为98.0%~108%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)不大于15%。

Upregulation of α-ENaC induces pancreatic β-cell dysfunction,ER stress,and SIRT2 degradation

Islet beta cells(β-cells)produce insulin in response to high blood glucose levels,which is essential for preserving glucose homeostasis.Voltage-gated ion channels inβ-cells,including Na+,K+,and Ca2+channels,aid in the release of insulin.The epithelial sodium channel alpha subunit(α-ENaC),a voltage-independent sodium ion channel,is also expressed in human pancreatic endocrine cells.However,there is no reported study on the function of ENaC in theβ-cells.In the current study,we found thatα-ENaC was expressed in human pancreatic glandule and pancreatic isletβ-cells.In the pancreas of db/db mice and high-fat diet-induced mice,and in mouse isletβ-cells(MIN6 cells)treated with palmitate,α-ENaC expression was increased.Whenα-ENaC was overexpressed in MIN6 cells,insulin content and glucose-induced insulin secretion were significantly reduced.On the other hand,palmitate injured isletβ-cells and suppressed insulin synthesis and secretion,but increasedα-ENaC expression in MIN6 cells.However,α-ENaC knockout(Scnn1a−/−)in MIN6 cells attenuatedβ-cell disorder induced by palmitate.Furthermore,α-ENaC regulated the ubiquitylation and degradation of sirtuin 2 inβ-cells.α-ENaC also modulatedβ-cell function in correlation with the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha/X-box binding protein 1(IRE1α/XBP1)and protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase/C/EBP homologous protein(PERK/CHOP)endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways.These results suggest thatα-ENaC may play a novel role in insulin synthesis and secretion in theβ-cells,and the upregulation ofα-ENaC promotes isletβ-cell dysfunction.In conclusion,α-ENaC may be a key regulator involved in isletβ-cell damage and a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Involvement of the ABA-and H_(2)O_(2)-Mediated Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle in the Drought Stress Responses of Wheat Roots

Abscisic acid(ABA),hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)) and ascorbate(AsA)–glutathione(GSH)cycle are widely known for their participation in various stresses.However,the relationship between ABA and H_(2)O_(2) levels and the AsA–GSH cycle under drought stress in wheat has not been studied.In this study,a hydroponic experiment was conducted in wheat seedlings subjected to 15%polyethylene glycol(PEG)6000–induced dehydration.Drought stress caused the rapid accumulation of endogenous ABA and H_(2)O_(2) and significantly decreased the number of root tips compared with the control.The application of ABA significantly increased the number of root tips,whereas the application of H_(2)O_(2) markedly reduced the number of root tips,compared with that under 15%PEG-6000.In addition,drought stress markedly increased the DHA,GSH and GSSG levels,but decreased the AsA levels,AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratios compared with those in the control.The activities of the four enzymes in the AsA–GSH cycle were also markedly increased under drought stress,including glutathione reductase(GR),ascorbate peroxidase(APX),monodehydroascorbate reductase(MDHAR)and dehydroascorbate reductase(DHAR),compared with those in the control.However,the application of an ABA inhibitor significantly inhibited GR,DHAR and APX activities,whereas the application of an H_(2)O_(2) inhibitor significantly inhibited DHAR and MDHAR activities.Furthermore,the application of ABA inhibitor significantly promoted the increases of H_(2)O_(2) and the application of H_(2)O_(2) inhibitor significantly blocked the increases of ABA,compared with those under 15% PEG-6000.Taken together,the results indicated that ABA and H_(2)O_(2) probably interact under drought stress in wheat;and both of them can mediate drought stress by modulating the enzymes in AsA–GSH cycle,where ABA acts as the main regulator of GR,DHAR,and APX activities,and H_(2)O_(2) acts as the main regulator of DHAR and MDHAR activities.

Protective effect of camellia oil on H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative stress injury in H9C2 cardiomyocytes of rats

Objective: To explore the protective effect of camellia oil against H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury in rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Methods: CCK8 method was used to detect the cell survival rate of H9C2 cardiomyocytes treated with different concentrations of H2O2. Normal cultured cells were used as the blank control group, and the cells were treated with 200 μmol/L H2O2 for 24 h. An oxidative stress injury model was constructed as the model group. The cells were pretreated with 1%, 0.1% and 0.01% camellia oil for 24 h, and then H2O2 was added for 24 h as the experimental group. The β-galactosidase senescence staining assay, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, EdU cell proliferation staining assay and scratch assay were used to observe the changes of cell senescence, mitochondrial membrane potential, proliferation, apoptosis and migration in each group. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the cells in each group were detected by using the kit. Results: The cell viability of H9C2 cardiomyocytes treated with different concentrations of H2O2 was inhibited and positively correlated with the concentration of H2O2 (P<0.01). Compared with the blank control group, the positive rate of cell senescence, MDA content and LDH activity increased in the H2O2 model group (P<0.01);mitochondrial membrane potential, cellular value-added rate, migration rate and SOD activity decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the H2O2 model group, the positive rate of cellular senescence (P<0.01 or P<0.05), MDA content and LDH activity decreased (P< 0.01 or P<0.05);mitochondrial membrane potential increased, cell proliferation rate and migration rate increased (P<0.01 or P<0.05) in the experimental group. Conclusion: Camellia oil can significantly inhibit oxidative stress injury in H9C2 cells and exert cardiomyocyte protective effects.

无机-有机复合材料沸石@聚丙烯酰胺的制备及对Pb^(2+)的吸附研究

重金属污染会引起严峻的环境问题。因此,必须对重金属离子进行测定,但由于重金属离子的含量低并受基体效应影响,检测前需要先将其分离富集。利用一锅法制备沸石@聚丙烯酰胺复合材料,将其作为分离富集材料,结合火焰原子吸收光谱仪,研究对Pb^(2+)的吸附性能。为了得到最佳的吸附性能,对制备条件中的沸石用量进行了优化,并对优化后的复合材料进行了扫描电镜、热重分析和比表面积表征。利用单一变量法,对固相萃取条件中的溶液pH值和振荡时间进行了优化。研究了复合材料在吸附Pb^(2+)过程中的动力学模型、等温线模型和热力学参数。结果表明:在沸石用量为333 mg/g,溶液pH值为5和振荡时间为80 min时,复合材料的吸附效率最佳;沸石@聚丙烯酰胺复合材料吸附Pb^(2+)的过程符合二级动力学和Freundlich模型,且在298.15 K时,热力学参数ΔH=15614.18 J/mol、ΔS=65.2 J/(mol·K)、ΔG=-1878.059 J/mol,是一个吸热且熵增的自发过程;此外,复合材料经过连续三次吸附和解吸实验,对Pb^(2+)的吸附量基本不变,且解吸率保持在89.7%以上,说明沸石@聚丙烯酰胺复合材料具有较好的再生性能。

Effects of Exogenous H_(2)O_(2) on ROS Metabolism in Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. Leaves Under Salt Stress

Salt stress is a major abiotic stress limiting plant growth and yield. In the present study, the effects of exogenous H_(2)O_(2) on the reactive oxygen species(ROS) metabolism and the antioxidant system in leaves of Nitralia tangutorum Bobr. under salt stress were studied. N. tangutorum seedlings were subjected to 200 mmol·L^(-1) NaCl treatment with or without the exogenous application of H_(2)O_(2) for 7 days. The results showed that NaCl stress significantly increased the relative conductivity, the contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) and ROS(H_(2)O_(2) and O_(2)^(·-)), as well as promoted the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase(APX) in N. tangutorum leaves. In addition, exogenous H_(2)O_(2) decreased the relative conductivity, the contents of TBARS, H_(2)O_(2) and O_(2)^(·-), while further enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes. These results indicated that H_(2)O_(2) effectively alleviated the adverse effects of NaCl stress on N. tangutorum through the regulation of ROS metabolism.

Duodenal-jejunal bypass improves hypothalamic oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic rats via glucagon-like peptide 1-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is often accompanied by impaired glucose utilization in the brain,leading to oxidative stress,neuronal cell injury and inflammation.Previous studies have shown that duodenal jejunal bypass(DJB)surgery significantly improves brain glucose metabolism in T2DM rats,the role and the metabolism of DJB in improving brain oxidative stress and inflammation condition in T2DM rats remain unclear.AIM To investigate the role and metabolism of DJB in improving hypothalamic oxidative stress and inflammation condition in T2DM rats.METHODS A T2DM rat model was induced via a high-glucose and high-fat diet,combined with a low-dose streptozotocin injection.T2DM rats were divided into DJB operation and Sham operation groups.DJB surgical intervention was carried out on T2DM rats.The differential expression of hypothalamic proteins was analyzed using quantitative proteomics analysis.Proteins related to oxidative stress,inflammation,and neuronal injury in the hypothalamus of T2DM rats were analyzed by flow cytometry,quantitative real-time PCR,Western blotting,and immunofluorescence.RESULTS Quantitative proteomics analysis showed significant differences in proteins related to oxidative stress,inflammation,and neuronal injury in the hypothalamus of rats with T2DM-DJB after DJB surgery,compared to the T2DM-Sham groups of rats.Oxidative stress-related proteins(glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor,Nrf2,and HO-1)were significantly increased(P<0.05)in the hypothalamus of rats with T2DM after DJB surgery.DJB surgery significantly reduced(P<0.05)hypothalamic inflammation in T2DM rats by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and decreasing the expression of interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-6.DJB surgery significantly reduced(P<0.05)the expression of factors related to neuronal injury(glial fibrillary acidic protein and Caspase-3)in the hypothalamus of T2DM rats and upregulated(P<0.05)the expression of neuroprotective factors(C-fos,Ki67,Bcl-2,and BDNF),thereby reducing hypothalamic injury in T2DM rats.CONCLUSION DJB surgery improve oxidative stress and inflammation in the hypothalamus of T2DM rats and reduce neuronal cell injury by activating the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

JA-mediated MYC2/LOX/AOS feedback loop regulates osmotic stress response in tea plant

Osmotic stress caused by low-temperature,drought and salinity was a prevalent abiotic stress in plant that severely inhibited plant development and agricultural yield,particularly in tea plant.Jasmonic acid(JA)is an important phytohormone involving in plant stress.However,underlying molecular mechanisms of JA modulated osmotic stress response remains unclear.In this study,high concentration of mannitol induced JA accumulation and increase of peroxidase activity in tea plant.Integrated transcriptome mined a JA signaling master,MYC2 transcription factor is shown as a hub regulator that induced by mannitol,expression of which positively correlated with JA biosynthetic genes(LOX and AOS)and peroxidase genes(PER).CsMYC2 was determined as a nuclei-localized transcription activator,furthermore,ProteinDNA interaction analysis indicated that CsMYC2 was positive regulator that activated the transcription of CsLOX7,CsAOS2,CsPER1 and CsPER3via bound with their promoters,respectively.Suppression of CsMYC2 expression resulted in a reduced JA content and peroxidase activity and osmotic stress tolerance of tea plant.Overexpression of CsMYC2 in Arabidopsis improved JA content,peroxidase activity and plants tolerance against mannitol stress.Together,we proposed a positive feedback loop mediated by CsMYC2,CsLOX7 and CsAOS2 which constituted to increase the tolerance of osmotic stress through fine-tuning the accumulation of JA levels and increase of POD activity in tea plant.

锌有机骨架材料的合成及对水中Pb^(2+)的萃取性能研究

采用溶剂热法,利用5,11,17,23-四叔丁基-25,26,27,28-四羧基杯[4]芳烃、2,2′-联吡啶和六水合硝酸锌反应制备了一种锌的有机骨架材料(Zn-MOF),并对这种材料从溶液pH值、时间以及Pb^(2+)的初始浓度方面研究了其对Pb^(2+)萃取性能的影响。结果表明,在pH值为4~7范围内,Zn-MOF对Pb^(2+)的萃取效率均能达到99%。且能在20 min内对Pb^(2+)萃取达到平衡。随着Pb^(2+)初始浓度增大,Zn-MOF对Pb^(2+)的萃取容量增大,最大萃取量为243.57 mg·g^(-1)。同时,Zn-MOF对Pb^(2+)的萃取符合Langmuir等温模型和准二级动力学模型。

活性炭的改性及对Pb^(2+)的动力学吸附研究

论文以活性炭为主体吸附剂,进行氯化铁改性,制备出氯化铁改性活性炭吸附剂,并通过FT-IR、SEM、比表面积和孔体积进行表征。实验进一步探究改性活性炭对Pb^(2+)的吸附能力,结果表明,当吸附时间为300min,吸附剂投加量为0.4 g,pH为6时,吸附效果最佳。在此吸附条件下,改性活性炭对Pb^(2+)的去除率达到91.2%。对改性活性炭吸附Pb^(2+)进行动力学吸附研究,结果表明二级速率方程能够更好地描述其动力学吸附过程,吸附的机理可归结为氯化铁改性导致活性炭孔道结构中酸性官能团增加,使得金属阳离子与官能团上的H之间产生离子交换作用,有利于吸附的进行,这一实验结果为后期循环吸附研究提供了新依据。

一步热解法制备Cu/Fe双金属生物炭复合材料及其高效吸附Pb^(2+)性能

使用一步热解法制备了Cu/Fe双金属生物炭复合材料(BC@Cu/Fe-X,X=3、5、10)和Fe生物炭复合材料(BC@Fe)。考察了Cu掺杂量对BC@Cu/Fe-X吸附Pb^(2+)的影响,确定最佳掺杂比例。结果显示BC@Cu/Fe-5吸附Pb^(2+)性能最好。考察了吸附时间、Pb^(2+)浓度、p H、背景离子、空气中老化等实验条件对BC@Cu/Fe-5吸附Pb^(2+)的影响。通过动力学、热力学数据拟合分析了BC@Cu/Fe-5吸附Pb^(2+)的行为,利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等表征手段解析了BC@Cu/Fe-5吸附Pb^(2+)前后特征峰变化。BC@Cu/Fe-5吸附Pb^(2+)的机理如下:大约42%的Pb^(2+)被还原为Pb^(0),33%的Pb^(2+)形成Pb O/Pb(OH)2,25%的Pb^(2+)与O—H、C—O、C=O、COO、Fe—O等官能团形成配合物。Cu掺杂可以提高Fe还原Pb^(2+)的能力。

ZnAl-LDH/Al(OH)_(3)复合材料的制备及其对废水中Pb^(2+)的去除性能

利用共沉淀法,以Zn(NO_(3))_(2)和Al(NO_(3))_(3)为原料成功制备了锌铝复合材料ZnAl-LDH/Al(OH)_(3)(标记为ZAL/AH),采用SEM表征了ZAL/AH的形貌,利用FTIR、XPS和XRD分析了样品的结构及组成。结果表明,所制备的ZAL/AH为片状结构,相组成受投料比的影响。其中,ZAL/AH-1具有高的比表面积,达到82.7 m^(2)·g^(-1)。同时,利用所制备的复合材料ZAL/AH对水中的Pb^(2+)离子进行了吸附实验,ZAL/AH-1对Pb^(2+)的去除率能够达到95%。对吸附结果进行了吸附动力学、Freundlich和Langmuir模型拟合,Langmuir拟合计算得到的最大吸附量为143.3 mg·g^(-1)。

金合欢素调节Sirt1/AMPK/Nrf2信号通路对糖尿病白内障大鼠氧化应激损伤的影响

目的探讨金合欢素对糖尿病白内障(DC)大鼠氧化应激损伤的影响及其对沉默调节蛋白1(Sirt1)/腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)/核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)信号通路的调控作用。方法60只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、金合欢素低剂量组、金合欢素高剂量组、金合欢素+Sirt1抑制剂(EX527)组,除对照组以外均构建DC大鼠模型,其中,金合欢素低剂量组、金合欢素高剂量组大鼠分别经颈部皮下注射10 mg·kg^(-1)、20 mg·kg^(-1)的金合欢素,金合欢素+EX527组大鼠经颈部皮下注射20 mg·kg^(-1)金合欢素,均为每天2次,同时金合欢素+EX527组大鼠经皮下埋入渗透微型泵每天泵入3.5 mg·kg^(-1)EX527,其余组别均泵入等量生理盐水,给药持续4周。给药结束后,测量血压和空腹血糖(FBG),裂隙灯照射法观察大鼠晶状体混浊状况,HE染色观察晶状体组织病理学变化,ELISA测定血清丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β的含量,Western blot检测Sirt1、p-AMPK、AMPK、Nrf2蛋白表达水平。结果与对照组相比,模型组大鼠晶状体上皮细胞呈片状、条索状,发生迁移性聚集,收缩压、FBG、晶状体混浊评分、MDA、IL-6、IL-1β水平均升高,SOD、GSH-Px含量及Sirt1、p-AMPK/AMPK、Nrf2蛋白表达水平均降低(均为P<0.05);与模型组比较,金合欢素低、高剂量组大鼠晶状体上皮细胞迁移性聚集现象改善,收缩压、FBG、晶状体混浊评分、MDA、IL-6、IL-1β水平均降低,SOD、GSH-Px含量及Sirt1、p-AMPK/AMPK、Nrf2蛋白表达水平均升高(均为P<0.05);与金合欢素高剂量组比较,金合欢素+EX527组晶状体上皮细胞形态改变和聚集现象加重,收缩压、FBG、晶状体混浊评分、MDA、IL-6、IL-1β水平均升高,SOD、GSH-Px含量及Sirt1、p-AMPK/AMPK、Nrf2蛋白表达水平均降低(均为P<0.05)。结论金合欢素可能通过激活Sirt1/AMPK/Nrf2通路保护DC大鼠免受氧化应激损伤。

磁性生物炭对水中Pb^(2+)的吸附

通过浸渍热解法,以硫酸铁为磁性前驱体制备磁性生物炭。利用FTIR、BET和振动样品磁强计分析磁性生物炭的官能团、比表面积和磁性等。基于Plackett-Burman实验、响应面法优化实验、吸附动力学实验、吸附等温线实验和吸附-解吸实验,研究磁性生物炭对Pb^(2+)的吸附性能。实验结果表明:磁改性可以有效提高生物炭比表面积至230.73 m^(2)/g,对应比饱和磁化强度可达16.02 emu/g;磁性生物炭具有羟基、羧基、醚键等官能团和一定芳香结构;吸附过程存在孔填充、静电吸附、离子交换、络合和阳离子-π吸附作用,且以化学吸附为主,符合准二级动力学方程;Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型均有较好适用性;在酸性条件下磁性生物炭具有较高解吸率;在初始Pb^(2+)质量浓度为117.0 mg/L、磁性生物炭投加量为5.6 g/L、吸附时间为11.9 min的最佳吸附条件下,Pb^(2+)去除率可达91.88%。