Research on semi-solid slurry of a hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy prepared by low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring

The semi-solid slurry of a hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy was manufactured by low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring. The effects of pouting temperature and stirring power on the semi-solid slurry were investigated. The results indicated that the semi-solid slurry to satisfy rheocasting can be manufactured by low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring. The pouring temperature （or superheat） and the stirring power remarkably affected the morphology of primary α-Al and the size of primary α-Al, and there is no obvious effect of stirring time on primary α-Al. Compared with the samples made by low superheat pouring with no stirring, the nucleation rate, particle morphology and grain size of primary α-Al in A356 were markedly improved by low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring. On the condition of weak electromagnetic stirring, the pouring temperature with low superheat can be suitably raised to reach the effectiveness obtained from the lower pouring temperature without stirring.

Manufacture technique of semi-solid slurry of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy by low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring

The semi-solid slurry of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy was manufactured by low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring. The effects of pouring temperature and stirring power on the semi-solid slurry making process were investigated. The results indicate that the semi-solid slurry to satisfy rheocasting requirement can be made by a combination of low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring. The pouring temperature (or superheat) and the stirring power significantly affect the morphology and the size of primary α-Al, while there is no obvious effect of the stirring time on primary α-Al. Compared with the samples made by low superheat pouring without stirring, the nucleation rate, particle morphology and grain size of primary α-Al in A356 Al alloy are markedly improved by a process of applying both low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring. Under the condition of weak electromagnetic stirring applied, the pouring temperature with low superheat can be equivalently to reach the effectiveness obtained from the even lower pouring temperature without stirring.

Effect of molybdenum on the microstructure and wear resistance of hypoeutectic Fe-Cr-B-C hardfacing alloys

Hypoeutectic Fe-Cr-B-C hardfacing alloys with different molybdenum( Mo) contents( The design content was 0,2,3. 3 and 4. 5 wt. %,respectively) were deposited using the flux-cored wire by means of metal active gas arc welding. The effects of Mo on the refinement of microstructures,eutectic microstructure changes and improvement of wear resistance were investigated. The main results were shown as follows: the added Mo could increase the volume fraction of eutectic microstructure and reduce the size of coarse primary austenite as well as the volume fraction. The carboboride of M_3( B,C) could be observed in hypoeutectic Fe-Cr-B-C hardfacing alloys at the Mo design content of ≤2. 0 wt. %,while that of M_(23)( B,C)_(6) was formed when 3. 3 wt. % Mo was added.Additionally,the wear resistance of alloys was increased with the increase in Mo content. Specifically,the highest wear resistance of alloys was achieved at 4. 5 wt. % Mo design content,which was 113. 7% higher than that in alloys without Mo.

Effects of vibration and grain refiner on microstructure of semisolid slurry of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy

The effects of vibration and grain refiner on the microstructure of semisolid slurry of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy were studied. The impact of vibration on the convection of liquid was conducted by using a system of water-particle tracer. The 356 melt at temperature of 630-660 ℃ with or without grain refiner Al-5%Ti-1%B was poured into a metal cup as the vibrating vessel, then it was cooled to 590-610 ℃ in the semisolid zone and kept for some time, subsequently vibration with different frequencies was applied. The results show that the primary α(Al) particles become finer and rounder with the increase of vibration frequency. The slurry with primary α(Al) equivalent particle diameter(EPD) of about 90 μm and average shape coefficient(ASC) of about 0.5 can be prepared under vibration of 20 Hz. With the combined action of vibration and grain refiner Al-5Ti-B, even smaller and rounder spheroids with EPD of about 85 μm and ASC of about 0.6 are obtained.

Refining Effect of Boron on Hypoeutectic Al-Si Alloys

Several concepts of the grain refinement mechanism of B on hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys have been adopted: the refining effect of B on the a-AI and eutectic Si with the different additions of Al-B master alloys made at 850℃ was investigated; and the Al-B master alloys formed under different temperature conditions have been studied to explore the morphologies of AIB2 particles; slowly cooled sample with addition of Al-B was made to explore the refinement mechanism. AI-B master alloy can refine not only a-AI, but eutectic Si. Theoretical analysis indicates that, although AIB2 does not take part directly in the nucleation process in pure Al in the presence of Si, it provides a substrate for precipitation of a small content of Si from which a-At will grow without any undercooling. When the temperature decreases to eutectic line, AIB2 subsequently nucleates eutectic Si; AIB2 particles appear in two different morphologies, namely, hexagonal platelet and tetradehedron morphology which depend on the processing temperature conditions.

Effect of eutectic phase on damping and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-Ni hypoeutectic alloys

Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was applied to systematically investigate the low frequency damping properties of as-cast hypoeutectic Mg-Ni alloys. The results show that the as-cast hypoeutectic Mg-Ni alloys exhibit high damping capacities. The strain amplitude dependent damping curve has its own special characteristic, in which the damping is strongly related to the strain amplitude. The effect of the eutectic phase on damping and the mechanical properties of as-cast hypoeutectic Mg-Ni alloys were also discussed in detail.

Effect of slow shot speed on externally solidified crystal,porosity and tensile property in a newly developed high-pressure die-cast Al-Si alloy

The effect of slow shot speed on externally solidified crystal(ESC),porosity and tensile property in a newly developed high-pressure die-cast Al-Si alloy was investigated by optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and laboratory computed tomography(CT).Results showed that the newly developed AlSi9MnMoV alloy exhibited improved mechanical properties when compared to the AlSi10MnMg alloy.The AlSi9MnMoV alloy,which was designed with trace multicomponent additions,displays a notable grain refining effect in comparison to the AlSi10MnMg alloy.Refining elements Ti,Zr,V,Nb,B promote heterogeneous nucleation and reduce the grain size of primaryα-Al.At a lower slow shot speed,the large ESCs are easier to form and gather,developing into the dendrite net and net-shrinkage.With an increase in slow shot speed,the size and number of ESCs and porosities significantly reduce.In addition,the distribution of ESCs is more dispersed and the net-shrinkage disappears.The tensile property is greatly improved by adopting a higher slow shot speed.The ultimate tensile strength is enhanced from 260.31 MPa to 290.31 MPa(increased by 11.52%),and the elongation is enhanced from 3.72%to 6.34%(increased by 70.52%).

Effects of Si Content and the Addition Amount of Al-3B Master Alloy on the Solidification Structures of Hypoeutectic Al-Si Alloys

Effects of Si content and the addition amount of Al-3B master alloy on the solidification structures of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys were studied. The addition amounts of the master alloy were 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.7% and 1% (mass fraction, so as the follows), respectively. The Si content of Al-Si binary alloys investigated varied from 1% to 11%. The observation of macrostructures of non-refined samples showed that 3% Si constitutes a transition point at which the minimum grain size can be obtained. It was also found that Al-3B master alloy can shift the transition point towards a higher Si value when its addition amount increases, making this point appear at 4%, 5% and 6% Si as its addition amount increases up to 0.4%, 0.7% and 1%, respectively.

Grain refinement of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy prepared with ELTA by A1-4B master alloy

Electrolytic low-titanium aluminum (ELTA) was produced by adding TiO2 powder to an industrial aluminum electrolyzer. The grain refining effect of A1-4B master alloy in the hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy prepared by using ELTA was investigated, and compared with those of Al-5Ti, A1-5Ti-1B and Al-4B master alloys in the similar alloy prepared by using pure Al. The results indicate that when Al-4B is added to the melt of the alloy prepared by using ELTA in terms of the Ti/B mass ratio of 5:1, the grain refining effect is better than those of Al-5Ti, Al-5Ti-1B and Al-4B master alloys. Thus, using Al-4B to refine the grain of Al-Si alloys prepared by using ELTA will possibly become a feasible way of obtaining Al-Si alloy with homogeneous and fine microstructure.

THE LUBRICATING PROPERTIES OF ION-PLATING FILMS OF Pb-Sn ALLOY

Experimental results of the lubricating behaviour of Pb-Sn alloy films formed by ion-plating on brass substrates are given. It is shown that the film microhardness, friction coefficient and wear life per thickness are under the influence of the substrate. The wear failure of film appears to be film adhesion and transferring by the mating surface.

Mg-Sn共晶合金的凝固组织演化及晶体生长机理

采用金相显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS),研究自由凝固下Mg-Sn共晶合金在不同凝固阶段的组织、相的生长形态及相组成等。探讨Mg-Sn共晶合金的晶体生长机制以及冷却速度对合金显微组织的影响。结果表明:Mg-Sn亚共晶合金中的凝固组织为六角蔷薇花状的初生α-Mg相和共晶Mg/Mg_(2)Sn层片组织的混合结构;Mg-Sn过共晶合金中的凝固组织为棱角分明的初生Mg_(2)Sn金属间化合物相和共晶Mg/Mg_(2)Sn层片组织的混合结构;在亚共晶成分范围内,随着Sn含量的增加,初生α-Mg相含量减少,共晶相含量增多;随着冷却速率的提高,合金组织得到了明显的细化;初生α-Mg相为非小平面相,初生Mg_(2)Sn金属间化合物相为小平面相。

Effect of a High Magnetic Field on the Microstructure During Directionally Solidified Sn-20wt.%Pb Hypoeutectic Alloy

The microstructures of Sn-20wt.%Pb hypoeutectic alloy directionally solidified under a longitudinal magnetic field were investigated.The results show that the application of a high magnetic field has a great influence on the morphology of primary β-Sn phase at a temperature gradient of G_L=52 K/cm.At a certain growth speed,with the increase of magnetic field intensity,the magnetic field causes the primary β-Sn phase irregular and to be deformed,further,the magnetic field promotes the columnar to equaixed transition(CET).Further,the thermoelectric magnetic force(TEMF) imposed on the dendrite under a high magnetic field has been calculated and the results show that the numerical magnitude of the TEMF during directional solidification under a 10 T high magnetic field is about 10~4N/m^3 and this force should be responsible for the occurrence of the CET in the Sn-Pb alloy.This may act as an experimental proof that the coupling of temperature gradient and high magnetic field will induce the occurrence of the CET in Sn-Pb alloy.Above phenomena may be attributed to the thermoelectric magnetic force(TEMF)in solid.

母合金成分和混合温度对受控扩散凝固组织的影响

采用强制对流混合方式的受控扩散凝固技术制备了亚共晶Al-8%Si合金,研究了不同的母合金成分和混合温度对亚共晶Al-8%Si合金组织中初生α-Al相的形貌和尺寸的影响。结果表明,在纯Al与Al-12%Si合金混合后制备的Al-8%Si合金中初生α-Al相为细小圆整的球状晶,而且在纯Al的混合温度为665℃时,初生α-Al相的细化效果最好,晶粒尺寸可以达到43μm。随着母合金中Si含量的增加与纯Al混合温度的升高,初生α-Al相的细化效果变差。

铝合金复合板钎焊层的初晶硅控制

钎焊用铝合金复合板外层使用的是亚共晶铝硅合金,钎焊时粗大初晶硅熔蚀芯材,降低铝合金复合板的成形性能。分析了亚共晶铝硅合金的初晶硅产生原理,研究了细化初晶硅的方法。降低原材料磷含量和增加铸造冷却强度有助于减少初晶硅,且不影响钎焊性能。

Pre-peak on the structure factor of liquid hypoeutectic Al-Fe alloy

Using a θ-θ X ray diffractometer the structure of liquid hypoeutectic Al Fe alloy at 675℃ and its change with different thermal histories are investigated . Liquid Al is used as a reference system. It is found that a pre peak appears on the small angle part of the structure factor of the nonsuperheated hypoeutectic Al Fe alloy, but disappears after superheating whereas the structure factors of liquid Al hardly change with the different thermal histories, and no pre peak can be observed on them. The appearance of a pre peak is a mark of the intermediate range order (IRO). The pre peak is taken as the correlation between Fe atoms on the IRO length scale. Assume that the crystalline structure is the first order approximation of the liquid structure. A model structure is constructed. The basic unit is a cube formed by 8 Al atoms on its corner and one Fe atom occupying its center. The translation of such a unit along its fourbody diagonals by the length of a diagonal can meet the requirement of the Fe_Fe distance and gives a DO 3 like structure. If the vacancy among the units is filled with fcc like Al cells, the composition of the entity is about Al 7Fe, close to that of the metastable phase Al 6Fe from rapid solidification. It is speculated that there are Al 6Fe like clusters in the liquid hypoeutectic Al Fe alloy.

熔体温度处理细化亚共晶Al-Si合金组织

利用正交试验的方法对熔体温度处理细化亚共晶 Al- Si合金的凝固组织进行了研究 .结果表明 ,经过熔体温度处理后 ,凝固组织中一次枝晶尺寸明显减小 ,长的树枝晶变为短的树枝晶或等轴晶 ,并且枝晶数量明显增多 ;二次枝晶臂间距变化不明显 .从原子团簇的角度分析认为 ,这是由于高、低温熔体混合后 ,低温熔体中大的原子团簇得到细化 ,从而导致混合熔体中形核质点增殖的结果 .研究同时发现 ,高、低温熔体的混合方式对熔体温度处理效果有直接影响 ,熔体的均匀混合有利于增大熔体凝固过冷度 ,减小临界晶核半径 。

压力铸造对亚共晶Al-11Si-1.8Cu合金的组织细化作用

以亚共晶铸造Al-11Si-1. 8Cu合金为研究对象,基于普通重力铸造和高压压力铸造条件下合金的组织分析,研究了压力铸造对亚共晶Al-11Si-1. 8Cu合金的组织细化作用,结果表明:与普通重力铸造相比,压力铸造不但能明显细化亚共晶Al-11Si-1. 8Cu合金组织中的初生a-Al和共晶Si相,还使合金组织中初生a-Al相的形态由树枝状转变成了球状,并且随着高压压铸压力的增大,初生a-Al相的球状形态越圆整和细小,同时合金组织中共晶Si相的析出也明显受到抑制。

亚共晶铝硅合金锶变质处理的孕育和衰退

通过考察A356合金变质后在静置和重熔过程中细化效果的变化,分析研究了亚共晶铝硅合金变质处理的孕育和衰退,以及合金锭预变质对变质效果的影响。结果表明,变质衰退表现为Sr含量低于某一临界值,有效期取决于初始Sr含量、熔化工艺及精炼方法等;变质处理孕育期的直接成因是中间合金释放Sr元素并与Si晶胚达到吸附平衡需要一定的时间;采用预变质合金锭,能够消除变质处理孕育期,稳定变质效果。

铸造Al-Si合金熔体处理——晶粒细化

对亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金进行细化处理已成为一种基本操作。中间合金（Ａｌ－Ｔｉ，Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ和Ａｌ－Ｂ合金）在亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金中与在工业纯铝和变形铝合金中的晶粒细化行为存在较大的差异。Ａｌ－３Ｔｉ－３Ｂ，Ａｌ－３Ｂ中间合金在Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金中表现出优异的晶粒细化效应，Ｓｉ与晶粒细化剂的交互作用在其中扮演着重要的角色。通过炉前对熔体进行快速热分析可以对晶粒细化效果和变质程度进行评价和预测，继而控制熔体处理的质量。对于亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金，归纳起来有四种晶粒细化机理：包晶反应理论、共晶反应理论、硼化物颗粒理论和超形核理论。仅对Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金细化处理的最新进展。

亚共晶Al-Si合金熔体处理的研究进展

评述了近年来在亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金的净化、变质和晶粒细化等熔体处理领域所取得的进展，指出将喷射熔剂法用于整个熔体处理过程是今后的发展趋势。