The new green smelting process of CNREG commissioned

A demonstration project of the major scientific and technological project in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region-"Industrialization Test of New Green Smelting Technology for Rare Earth Concentrate produced from Baiyun Obo ore"was commissioned on November 20th.This project adopts the"new green smelting process for rare earth concentrate"independently developed by China Northern Rare Earth Group(CNREG),and has achieved a new breakthrough in rare earth smelting technology.

Life cycle inventory analysis of CO_2 and SO_2 emission of imperial smelting process for Pb-Zn smelter

Based on the principle of life cycle assessment, CO2 and SO2 emission of Imperial Smelting Process in a certain zinc-lead smelter was analyzed by life cycle inventory method. According to the system expansion and substitution method, the environmental impacts of co-products were allocated among the main products of zinc, lead and sulfuric acid. The related impacts were assessed by use of Global Warming Potential （GWP） and Acidification Potential （ACP）. The results show that the GWP index from 1998 to 2000 is 11.53, 11.65, 10.93 tCO2-eq/tZn respectively, the ACP index decreases from 14.88 kgSO2-eq/tZn in 1998 to 10.99 kgSO2-eq/tZn in 2000. Power and electricity generation, followed by smelting and zinc distillation, are mainly responsible for GWP. Sintering individually affects ACP. Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of the ISP may come from energy conservation measures rather than from technological developments. And recycling more secondary Pb and Zn materials effectively treated by ISP, and reducing the amount of primary metal are the main ways to put SO2 emission under control.

Relationship between copper content of slag and matte in the SKS copper smelting process

In the newly developed oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing copper smelting process(also known as the SKS copper smelting process), Cu loss in slag is one of the most concerning issues. This paper presents our research results concerning the relationship between the Cu content of the matte and slag in the SKS process; the results are based on actual industrial production in the Dongying Fangyuan copper smelter. The results show that the matte grade strongly influences Cu losses in slag. The dissolved and entrained losses account for 10%–20% and 80%–90% of the total SKS industrial Cu losses in slag, respectively. With increasing matte grade, the dissolved and entrained Cu losses in the SKS slag both increase continuously. When the matte grade is greater than 68%, the content of Cu in the smelting slag increases much more dramatically. To obtain a high direct recovery of copper, the matte grade should be less than 75% in industrial SKS copper production.

Multiphase equilibrium modeling of oxygen bottom-blown copper smelting process

A computational thermodynamics model for the oxygen bottom-blown copper smelting process(Shuikoushan,SKS process)was established,based on the SKS smelting characteristics and theory of Gibbs free energy minimization.The calculated results of the model show that,under the given stable production condition,the contents of Cu,Fe and S in matte are71.08%,7.15%and17.51%,and the contents of Fe,SiO2and Cu in slag are42.17%,25.05%and3.16%.The calculated fractional distributions of minor elements among gas,slag and matte phases are As82.69%,11.22%,6.09%,Sb16.57%,70.63%,12.80%,Bi68.93%,11.30%,19.77%,Pb19.70%,24.75%,55.55%and Zn17.94%,64.28%,17.79%,respectively.The calculated results of the multiphase equilibrium model agree well with the actual industrial production data,indicating that the credibility of the model is validated.Therefore,the model could be used to monitor and optimize the industrial operations of SKS process.

Thermodynamic simulation of complex Pb-Bi concentrate oxidative bath smelting process

The element partitioning in a Pb-Bi concentrate oxygen-rich bath smelting process was studied using thermodynamic equilibrium simulation method. Effects of oxygen to feed ratio(OFR) and sulfur dioxide partial pressure(pSO2) on the partitionings of Bi, Pb, As, Sb, Cu and Ag were analyzed and compared with industrial data. The results suggested that the optimal OFR was between 6.3 and 6.8 kmol/t to maximize Bi, Pb, Cu and Ag partitioning in the metal phase. Further increase of OFR led to the drop of metal partitioning and increase of slag liquidus temperature. High pSO2 led to high deportment of Bi and Pb in the gas phase mainly in the form of sulfides, suggesting that a low pSO2 was conducive for reducing the dust ratio.

Intelligent prediction model of matte grade in copper flash smelting process

Due to the importance of detecting the matte grade in the copper flash smelting process, the mechanism model was established according to the multi-phase and multi-component mathematic model. Meanwhile this procedure was a complicated production process with characteristics of large time delay, nonlinearity and so on. A fuzzy neural network model was set up through a great deal of production data. Besides a novel constrained gradient descent algorithm used to update the parameters was put forward to improve the parameters learning efficiency. Ultimately the self-adaptive combination technology was adopted to paralleled integrate two models in order to obtain the prediction model of the matte grade. Industrial data validation shows that the intelligently integrated model is more precise than a single model. It can not only predict the matte grade exactly but also provide optimal control of the copper flash smelting process with potent guidance.

SELECTION OF THE PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR BATH AUTOGENOUS SMELTING OF COPPER

The process parameters for bath autogenous smelting of copper were selected based on dynamic analysis of the experimental data and calculation of the mathematical model. Selecting the slag composition of SiO2/Fe=0.80 and CaO％=16. desulphur ratio less than 80 wt.-％ in system. and the copper content of matte less than 60 wt.-％, it is able to limit Fe3O4 formation and obtain a high desulphurization. The critical oxygen content of the blast increased with decrease of the sulphur content of the concentrate and increase of copper contents of the matte. If the copper contents of the concentrate are respectively of 30 and 35 wt.-％, the critical oxygen contents of the blast will be 48 and 69 wt.-％ respectively. The smelling rate increases linearly with the blast intensity. When the sulphur content of the concentrate is 30 wt.-％, the oxygen content of the blast 70 vol.-％ and the copper content of the matte 60 wt.-％, a blast intensityy of 700 Nm3/m2·h results in a smeling rate of 48.81 t/m2·d.

Intelligent smelting process,management system:Efficient and intelligent management strategy by incorporating large language model

In the steelmaking industry,enhancing production cost-effectiveness and operational efficiency requires the integration of intelligent systems to support production activities.Thus,effectively integrating various production modules is crucial to enable collaborative operations throughout the entire production chain,reducing management costs and complexities.This paper proposes,for the first time,the integration of Vision-Language Model(VLM)and Large Language Model(LLM)technologies in the steel manufacturing domain,creating a novel steelmaking process management system.The system facilitates data collection,analysis,visualization,and intelligent dialogue for the steelmaking process.The VLM module provides textual descriptions for slab defect detection,while LLM technology supports the analysis of production data and intelligent question-answering.The feasibility,superiority,and effectiveness of the system are demonstrated through production data and comparative experiments.The system has significantly lowered costs and enhanced operational understanding,marking a critical step toward intelligent and cost-effective management in the steelmaking domain.

Copper smelting mechanism in oxygen bottom-blown furnace

The SKS furnace is a horizontal cylindrical reactor similar to a Noranda furnace,however,the oxygen enriched air isblown into the furnace from the bottom.Mechanism model of the SKS process was developed by analyzing the smeltingcharacteristics deeply.In our model,the furnace section from top to bottom is divided into seven functional layers,i.e.,gas layer,mineral decomposition transitioning layer,slag layer,slag formation transitioning layer,matte formation transitioning layer,weakoxidizing layer and strong oxidizing layer.The furnace along the length direction is divided into three functional regions,that is,reaction region,separation transitioning region and liquid phase separation and settling region.These layers or regions play differentroles in the model in describing the mechanism of the smelting process.The SKS smelting is at a multiphase non-steady equilibriumstate,and the oxygen and sulfur potentials change gradually in the length and cross directions.The smelting capacity of the SKSprocess could be raised through reasonably controlling the potential values in different layers and regions.

Effect of Fe/SiO2 and CaO/SiO2 mass ratios on metal recovery rate and metal content in slag in oxygen-enriched direct smelting of jamesonite concentrate

The oxygen-enriched direct smelting of jamesonite concentrate was carried out at 1250℃by changing the slag composition.The effects of Fe/SiO2 and Ca O/SiO2 mass ratios on the metal recovery rate as well as metal content in slag were investigated.Experimental results indicated that the metal(Pb+Sb)recovery rate was up to 88.30%,and metal(Pb+Sb)content in slag was below 1 wt.%under the condition of slag composition of 21-22 wt.%Fe,19-20 wt.%SiO2 and 17-18 wt.%Ca O with Fe/SiO2 mass ratio of 1.1:1 and Ca O/SiO2 mass ratio of 0.9:1.The microanalysis of the alloy and slag demonstrated that the main phases in the alloy contained metallic Pb,metallic Sb and a small amount of Cu2 Sb and Fe Sb2 intermetallic compounds.The slag was mainly composed of kirschsteinite and fayalite.Zinc in the raw material was mainly oxidized into the slag phase in the form of zinc oxide.

CLEAN PRODUCTION AND SMELTING REDUCTION TECHNOLOGY

Clean Production is the best method for iron-steel making industry to eliminate pollution thoroughly. In order to achieve this object, smelting reduction technology should play the key role. Furthermore, process integration method can be used to solve the problem of residual gas utilization by integrating smelting reduction process with direct reduced iron unit, gasoline, methanol or dimethyl ether synthesis unit, etc. A new smelting reduction process has been proposed which can be constructed on the present plant site. Since this process can directly treat the lump coal and iron ore fines, it reduces st6ps necessary in traditional blast furnace process and Corex smelting reduction process.

HIsmelt工艺熔融还原炉用耐火材料的抗侵蚀性研究

为促进HIsmelt工艺的进一步发展和应用,根据HIsmelt工艺熔融还原炉(SRV)的特点,利用静态坩埚法对比研究了SRV渣在1 500℃下对铬刚玉砖、微孔刚玉-莫来石砖、刚玉-莫来石砖、刚玉-尖晶石砖的侵蚀。结果表明:1)铬刚玉砖抗SRV渣渗透侵蚀能力最强,因为FeO与铬刚玉砖中的Al_(2)O_(3)和Cr_(2)O_(3)反应生成高熔点物,抑制炉渣的渗透和侵蚀。2)微孔刚玉-莫来石砖中镁铝尖晶石与钙铝黄长石的生成在侵蚀层形成保护层,阻止SRV渣的渗透侵蚀,在3种无铬材料中,表现出最优的抗侵蚀性。3)刚玉-莫来石砖中由于大量钙长石的形成产生的缝隙造成渣的不断渗入,使得熔渣对砖的侵蚀较严重。4)刚玉-尖晶石砖中原位生成粒径小、活性高的尖晶石晶粒,能有效吸收熔渣中的铁离子形成镁铝铁复合尖晶石,阻挡SRV渣的侵蚀。

钨矿碱分解工艺制备仲钨酸铵全流程仿真计算

以钨矿碱分解工艺制备仲钨酸铵全流程为对象,基于质量守恒、化学平衡、元素分配约束和指标约束等原理,构建钨矿配矿、磨矿、碱分解、脱磷、离子交换、除钼和蒸发结晶的热力学模型,进而根据各工序物料的迁移传递关系,应用MetCal软件平台,开发钨矿碱分解工艺制备仲钨酸铵全流程仿真计算系统,并采用典型工况下的实际值对模型计算的可靠性进行实例验证。研究结果表明:碱分解浓料中WO_(3)和P质量分数计算值与实际值的相对误差分别为-5.755%和-12.195%,钨渣中WO3、P、Fe、Mn和Ca质量分数的相对误差分别为-2.026%、-5.439%、-14.819%、-14.971%和11.826%;脱磷后液中WO3和P质量分数的相对误差分别为5.513%和-7.692%,脱磷渣中WO_(3)、P和Ca质量分数的相对误差分别为-5.834%、3.337%和7.113%;除钼后液中WO3和Mo质量分数的相对误差分别为-1.627%和-9.375%,除钼渣中WO_(3)、Mo、S和Cu质量分数的相对误差分别为2.547%、-8.827%、8.686%和9.692%。

铜火法冶炼废水处理实践

阐述了铜冶炼火法工艺发展状况,剖析了铜冶炼过程产生废水的主要环节,并对废水处理工艺及原理进行了梳理,分析了某铜冶炼企业废水产生节点、产生特点和组成成分;针对现有的废水处理技术和资源化利用提出了合理的建议。特别阐述了阳谷祥光铜业自主研发的旋浮铜冶炼技术、粗铜自氧化还原精炼技术、平行流电解技术,“硫化+石膏+中和”工艺和废水深度处理联合工艺特点,对采用火法冶炼工艺的铜冶炼企业的废水处理及资源化利用具有借鉴意义。

某冶炼铜渣综合回收铜铁的实验研究

这是一篇冶金工程领域的论文。某铜冶炼渣浮选尾渣中铁品位为37.42%,铜品位为1.86%,根据其矿石性质特点,采用烟煤作为还原剂,应用直接还原焙烧-磁选工艺回收铜尾渣中铜铁,实验结果表明:将铜冶炼渣、烟煤和生石灰(作为助还原剂)按100∶25∶20的质量比混合,在焙烧温度定1 200℃,时间为80 min,磨矿细度为-0.045 mm 80%,磁场强度为0.139 T条件下可获得铁品位为90.98%,铁回收率为90.13%,铜品位为5.82%、铜回收率为87.38%的含铜铁精矿,实现了冶炼渣铜中铜铁的综合回收。

顶侧复合连续炼铜系统开发之工艺流程再造

富氧顶吹浸没熔炼工艺是在特定时期引进并在国内实现消化创新和广泛应用的铜冶炼技术,为我国铜冶炼行业从传统熔炼工艺向现代强化熔炼工艺的跨越作出重要贡献。近年来,连续炼铜技术和短流程技术快速发展,造锍熔炼在高富氧浓度、高铜锍品位、高温和高处理能力方向上不断突破。在高质量发展要求和技术快速进步的背景下,国内各生产企业结合自身实际围绕铜冶炼系统的绿色节能降耗开展了系列探索和研究,取得了一系列成果。本文围绕新时期铜精矿富氧顶吹浸没熔炼工厂技术升级改造的工艺创新与流程再造进行探索,提出总体思路和开发方向,包括主体设备供风装置增加侧吹喷枪,并对冶金炉炉体结构及其他配套设施进行相应的改造,取消原料制粒系统和沉降电炉,实现高品位铜锍冶炼和连续炼铜,以期为顶吹熔池熔炼工厂技术和装置的升级改造提供技术储备、指导及参考,推动行业向低碳、绿色、环保方向迈进。

大型侧吹熔池熔炼炉内铜渣双向对流过程中挡渣板的数值研究

本研究设计了具有短熔炼搅拌区和渣室沉降区的35万吨侧吹熔炼炉。探索了挡渣板的存在及其安装位置对大型熔炼炉内气-渣多相搅拌特性的影响。研究表明:短熔炼搅拌区保证了射流对位于熔炼区上方的渣层的充足搅拌,有利于熔池内的渣金分离。当挡渣板存在时,渣层内的搅动对渣室区域几乎没有影响,可以保证铜锍与炉渣的静置沉淀和分离。中部渣室带挡渣板的炉型方案的平均湍动能较中部出渣无挡渣板提升14%,较部端头出渣无挡渣板提升47%。

白云鄂博矿选冶固废烧结法制备微晶玻璃研究

为了更好地综合利用白云鄂博矿选冶固废,本文以白云鄂博萤石尾矿和包钢高炉渣为主要原料,采用一步烧结法研究了不同原料配比对制备微晶玻璃的影响。采用DSC、XRD、SEM、万能试验机、多道γ能谱仪进行表征分析,研究了不同原料配比对制备微晶玻璃的影响。结果表明:不同原料配比时,微晶玻璃主晶相为斜辉石、透辉石、鳞石英;随着萤石尾矿和高炉渣质量配比的增加,微晶玻璃颜色逐渐加深,且抗折强度先升高后降低,再升高再降低;当萤石尾矿和高炉渣质量配比为5∶5时,微晶玻璃抗折强度最高,达到76.85 MPa,主晶相为斜辉石和透辉石,晶粒大小均匀,排列规则;当萤石尾矿与高炉渣质量配比为2∶8时,微晶玻璃产品符合B类装饰装修材料标准,当萤石尾矿与高炉渣质量配比为3∶7、5∶5、6∶4时,微晶玻璃产品符合C类装饰装修材料标准。

铜冶炼烟尘金属分离及资源回收研究进展

以铜冶炼烟尘为研究对象,分析其理化及矿物学性质,对比铜冶炼烟尘金属分离与回收方法,包括碳热还原法、硫酸浸出法、碱性浸出法和湿法-火法联合工艺,总结各方法的原理、典型工艺、现状和存在问题,阐述非常规冶金方法在铜冶炼烟尘金属分离中的应用,展望铜冶炼烟尘资源回收的发展方向。研究结果表明:铜冶炼烟尘中砷、铜、锌含量受冶炼工艺、原矿品质的影响,不同元素赋存形态存在差异。碳热还原法可以通过金属砷酸盐和氧化物分解的方式释放砷,从而实现砷与其他有价金属的分离;硫酸浸出法可以高效浸提铜冶炼烟尘中的金属,实现多元素的回收;碱性浸出法可选择性浸提砷;湿法-火法联合工艺结合了火法工艺选择性分离砷和湿法工艺高效提取金属的优点,对于复杂高砷铜冶炼烟尘处理具有优势。铜冶炼烟尘兼具资源属性和环境风险,实现清洁生产及多金属资源化利用仍是关键,砷的无害化处置与锌、铜、铅等有价金属的高效协同回收工艺及分离机制、全过程物质流与环境效应是铜冶炼烟尘资源回收的发展方向。

锌湿法冶炼渣污染物及综合利用研究

锌湿法冶炼是一种常用的锌冶炼工艺,它在生产过程中会产生大量的渣污染物。这些渣污染物主要包含氧化锌、氧化铁、浸出渣、净化渣等。由于这些渣含有大量有价值的金属元素和资源,对其进行综合利用具有重要意义。本文通过详细分析渣污染物形成过程、组成及含量,介绍常用的渣污染物处理方法,探讨综合利用渣污染物的技术方法,能为相关领域提供参考,并促进该领域技术与应用的进一步发展。