Synthesis of Y_2O_3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite on TC4 Ti alloy by laser cladding

A Y2O3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite coating was fabricated in-situ on a TC4 Ti alloy by laser surface cladding. The phase component, microstructure, composition distribution and properties of the composite layer were investigated. The composite layer has graded microstructures and compositions, due to the fast melting followed by rapid solidification and cooling during laser cladding. The TiC powders are completely dissolved into the melted layer during melting and segregated as fine dendrites when solidified. The size of TiC dendrites decreases with increasing depth. Y2O3 fine particles distribute in the whole clad layer. The Y2O3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite layer has a quite uniform hardness along depth with a maximum value of HV1380, which is 4 times higher than the initial hardness. The wear resistance of the Ti alloy is significantly improved after laser cladding due to the high hardness of the composite coating.

Electrochemical codeposition of Mg-Li-Gd alloys from LiCl-KCl-MgCl_2-Gd_2O_3 melts

Mg-Li-Gd alloys were prepared by electrochemical codeposition from LiCl-KCl-MgCl 2 -Gd 2 O 3 melts on molybdenum electrode with constant current density at 823 and 973 K. The microstructure of the Mg-Li-Gd alloys was analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, optical microscopy （OM） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results show that magnesium and gadolinium deposit mainly in the first 30 min, and the alloy obtained contains 96.53% Mg, 0.27% Li and 3.20% Gd （mass fraction）. Then, the reduction of lithium ions occurs quickly. The composition of alloy can be adjusted by controlling electrolysis time or Gd 2 O 3 concentration in LiCl-KCl melts. With the addition of Gd into Mg-Li alloys, the corrosion resistance of the alloys is enhanced. XRD results suggest that Mg 3 Gd and Mg 2 Gd can be formed in Mg-Li-Gd alloys. The distribution of Gd element in Mg-Li-Gd alloys indicates that Gd element mainly distributes at the grain boundaries of Mg-Li-Gd alloys.

CO在Pd-Pt/Al_2O_3及其单金属催化剂上的吸附型式

采用红外光谱研究了CO在担载于Al_2O_3上的氧化态和还原态Pd与Pt及Pd-Pt双金属催化剂上的吸附态和吸脱附行为。吸附速度和升温脱附试验结果表明,CO在担载Pd上先出现桥式吸附态而后出现线式吸附态,前者不易脱附而后者极易脱附。CO在PdO上的吸附趋于饱和时,出现1995cm^(-1)的弱吸收带。CO在担载Pt上以线式吸附态为主而不易脱附。在Pd-Pt双金属催化剂上CO的吸脱附行为与Pd/Pt比有着密切关系。讨论了氧化作用、Pd/Pt比对CO吸脱附性质的影响。

Non-isothermal reduction kinetics of Fe_2O_3-NiO composites for formation of Fe-Ni alloy using carbon monoxide

The non-isothermal reduction kinetics and mechanism of Fe2O3-NiO composites with different Fe2O3-NiO compacts using carbon monoxide as reductant were investigated. The results show that the reduction degree increases rapidly with increasing the content of NiO, and the presence of NiO also improves the reduction rate of iron oxides. It is found that NiO is preferentially reduced at the beginning of the reactions, and then the metallic Ni acts as a catalyst promoting the reduction rate of iron oxides. It is also observed that the increase of the Ni O content enhances the formation of awaruite(FeNi3) but decreases the percentage of kamacite(Fe,Ni) and taenite(Fe,Ni). The particle size of the materials tends to be uniform during the reduction process due to the presence of metallic nickel, metallic iron and the formation of Fe-Ni alloy. The concentration of CO in the product gas is greater than that of CO2 at the beginning of the reaction and then slows down. The fastest reduction rate of Fe2O3-NiO composites with CO appears at 400-500 °C, and nucleation growth model can be used to elucidate the reduction mechanism. Nucleation growth process is found to be the rate controlling step when the temperature is lower than 1000 °C.

活性组分对Pd-Pt/Al_2O_3混合芳烃选择加氢脱烯烃催化剂性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法,通过改变Pd/Pt质量比和负载量,制备了一系列Pd-Pt/Al_2O_3催化剂,研究了Pd/Pt质量比和活性组分负载量对催化剂性能的影响。采用TEM和H_2-TPR技术对活性组分的分散情况及还原性质进行了表征。实验结果表明,Pd/Pt质量比和负载量均影响金属粒子的分散度和粒径大小以及烯烃加氢活性;小粒径和高金属分散性的催化剂具有较高的烯烃双键加氢反应活性;在所考察的Pd-Pt负载量范围内,随活性金属负载量的增加,催化剂的烯烃加氢活性逐渐增加;Pd-Pt负载量对催化剂烯烃加氢活性的影响大于Pd/Pt质量比。

镁合金基体超音速等离子喷涂Al-Al_(2)O_(3)复合涂层组织与耐腐蚀性能研究

镁合金的耐腐蚀性能差,在工程应用中往往因腐蚀而发生失效,通过表面工程技术对镁合金进行表面改性或防护,是工程应用中采用的重要手段。本工作采用超音速等离子喷涂(Supersonic plasma spray,SPS)工艺在AZ61镁合金表面制备Al-Al_(2)O_(3)复合涂层,其中Al_(2)O_(3)的质量分数分别为30%、50%和70%(下文简称AA30、AA50、AA70)。研究了Al_(2)O_(3)含量对Al-Al_(2)O_(3)复合涂层微观组织、孔隙率、电化学性能以及盐雾耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,涂层的表面呈现熔滴铺展堆叠形成的浪花状形貌,粉末熔化充分,涂层内部结合紧密,各涂层均由Al、α-Al_(2)O_(3)和γ-Al_(2)O_(3)三种物相组成。AA70涂层的孔隙率较AA30和AA50明显升高,达到了6.71%;电化学极化试验研究表明,各涂层比AZ61镁合金基体表现出更高的电极电位和较低的自腐蚀电流密度,AZ61镁合金基体自腐蚀电流密度为5.144 mA·m^(-2),而AA30、AA50和AA70的自腐蚀电流密度分别为2.950 mA·m^(-2)、3.084 mA·m^(-2)和2.496 mA·m^(-2),三种涂层相比母材AZ61表现出较低的电化学腐蚀速率。电化学阻抗测试结果表明,三种涂层的R ct达到了AZ61镁合金基体的两倍左右,显示出较低的阳极溶解活性。在盐雾试验中,AZ61镁合金基体产生大量的腐蚀产物和龟裂纹;涂层AA30和AA50由于腐蚀产物的积累产生了大量裂纹,在涂层与基体的界面处发生了电偶腐蚀,最终随着基体表面的腐蚀,涂层产生了剥落;涂层AA70腐蚀程度最小,表现出最佳的抗腐蚀性能。

浸渍液添加竞争吸附组分对所制备的Pd-Pt/Al_2O_3催化性能的影响

在浸渍液中添加不同量的盐酸、醋酸或柠檬酸,采用等体积浸渍法制备了厚蛋壳型Pd-Pt/Al_2O_3催化剂,采用紫外吸收光谱、金相显微镜、低温氮气吸附-脱附、XRD、H_2-TPR、TEM手段表征所制备Pd-Pt/Al_2O_3催化剂,研究不同种类酸与浸渍液中金属离子的相互作用,及其对催化剂活性组分壳层厚度、分散状况和还原性质及加氢脱烯烃催化活性的影响。结果表明,盐酸、柠檬酸与PdCl^(2-)_4、PtCl^(-2)_6相互作用,醋酸不与它们发生作用;浸渍液中加入这3种酸可以改善活性组分在载体上的分散状况,使Pd-Pt粒径分布趋于集中;活性组分壳层厚度随3种酸加入量的增加而增厚。存在最适宜的盐酸、醋酸、柠檬酸添加量,使制备的Pd-Pt/Al_2O_3催化剂获得最佳加氢脱烯烃活性。Pd-Pt/Al_2O_3的催化性能取决于Pd-Pt粒子粒径分布的集中程度,壳层厚度影响较小。

Al_(2)O_(3)在储能材料中的应用研究进展

Al_(2)O_(3)作为陶瓷材料、催化剂、催化剂载体及研磨磨料等有广泛的应用。因氧化铝具有优良的抗酸碱腐蚀性和力学等性能且热稳定性好、来源丰富,所以近年来逐渐开始应用在储能材料领域,进一步拓展了氧化铝的应用范围。主要针对氧化铝包覆后的二次储能电池正极材料、负极材料,以及改进隔膜的力学性能等方面进行研究。报道了近年来氧化铝在锂离子电池、钠离子电池、锂硫电池、电解液、隔膜方面的应用研究进展。

Modification of Nano-α-Al2O3 and Its Influence on the Surface Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane Resin Composite Passivation Films

Silane coupling agent KH560 was used to modify the surface of nano-α-Al2O3 in ethanol-aqueous solution with different proportions. The particle size of nano-α-Al2O3 was determined by nano-particle size analyzer, and the effects of nano-α-Al2O3 content, ethanol-aqueous solution ratio and KH560 dosage on the dispersion and particle size of nano-α-Al2O3 were investigated. The material structure before and after modification was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Aqueous polyurethane resin and inorganic components are combined with modified nano-α-Al2O3 dispersion to form chromium-free passivation solution. The solution is coated on the galvanized sheet, the adhesion and surface hardness are tested, the bonding strength of the coating and the surface hardness of the substrate are discussed. The corrosion resistance and surface morphology of the matrix were investigated by electrochemical test, neutral salt spray test and scanning electron microscope test. The chromium-free passivation film formed after the modification of nano-α-Al2O3 increases the surface hardness of galvanized sheet by about 85%. The corrosion resistance of the film is better than that of a single polyurethane film. The results show that the surface hardness and corrosion resistance of polyurethane resin composite passivation film are significantly improved by the introduction of nano-α-Al2O3.

Ce对Pd-Pt/Al_2O_3催化剂甲烷催化燃烧性能的影响

采用分步浸渍法制备了1%Pd-0.2%Pt/Al2O3和1%Pd-0.2%Pt-0.6%Ce/Al2O3催化剂,并基于固定床连续流动反应器,在空速为80000h-1的条件下,评价了催化剂的甲烷催化燃烧活性及其热稳定性.采用BET、CO化学吸附、XRD手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,对应1%Pd-0.2%Pt/Al2O3和1%Pd-0.2%Pt-0.6%Ce/Al2O3催化剂的起燃温度(T50)分别为362℃和342℃;400℃下,甲烷转化率下降15%对应的反应时间分别为2.2h和24.5h.0.6%Ce的加入可显著提高1%Pd-0.2%Pt/Al2O3催化剂的活性及其热稳定性,这是因为Ce的存在提高了催化剂表面活性粒子PdO的分散度,并有效抑制了反应过程中PdO晶粒的长大.

Microstructure and compression properties of fine Al2O3 particles dispersion strengthened molybdenum alloy

The Mo alloys reinforced by Al2O3 particles were fabricated by hydrothermal synthesis and powder metallurgy. The microstructures of Mo-Al2O3 alloys were studied by using XRD, SEM and TEM. The results show that Al2O3 particles, existing as a stable hexagonal phase(α-Al2O3), are uniformly dispersed in Mo matrix. The ultrafine α-Al2O3 particles remarkably refine grain size and increase dislocation density of Mo alloys. Moreover, a good interfacial bonding zone between α-Al2O3 and Mo grain is obtained. The crystallographic orientations of the interface of the Al2O3 particles and Mo matrix are [111]a-Al2O3//[111]Mo and(112)a-Al2O3//(0 11)Mo. Due to the effect of secondary phase and dislocation strengthening, the yield strength of Mo-2.0 vol.%Al2O3 alloy annealed at 1200 ℃ is approximately 56.0% higher than that of pure Mo. The results confirm that the addition of Al2O3 particles is a promising method to improve the mechanical properties of Mo alloys.

Effect of nano-sized Al2O3 reinforcing particles on uniaxial and high cycle fatigue behaviors of hot-forged AZ31B magnesium alloy

The effect of hot-forging process was investigated on microstructural and mechanical properties of AZ31 B alloy and AZ31 B/1.5 vol.%Al2 O3 nanocomposite under static and cycling loading. The as-cast alloy and composite were firstly subjected to a homogenization heat treatment at 450 ℃ and then an open-die forging at 450 ℃. The results indicated that the presence of reinforcing particles led to grain refinement and improvement of dynamic recrystallization. The forging process was more effective to eliminate the porosity in the cast alloy workpiece. Microhardness of the forged composite was increased by up to 80% and 16%, in comparison with those of the cast and forged alloy samples, respectively. Ultimate tensile strength and maximum tensile strain of the composite were improved by up to 45% and 23%, compared with those of the forged alloy in similar regions. These enhancements were respectively 50% and 37% in the compression test. The composite exhibited a fatigue life improvement in the region with low applied strain;however, a degradation was observed in the high applied strain region. Unlike AZ31 B samples, tensile, compressive and high cycle fatigue behaviors of the composite showed less sensitivity to the applied strain, which can be attributed to the amount of porosity in the samples before and after the hot-forging.

Effects of Y_2O_3 on the microstructure and wear resistance of cobalt-based alloy coatings deposited by plasma transferred arc process

Cobalt-based alloys with different Y2O3 contents were deposited on Q235A-carbon steel using plasma transferred arc （PTA） welding machine. The effect of Y2O3 on the microstructure and wear resistance properties of the cobait-based alloys were investigated using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It was found that a cobalt-based solid solution with a face-centered cubic crystal structure was presented accompanied by the secondary phase M7C3 with a hexagonal crystal structure in the Y2O3-free cobalt-based alloy coating. Several stacking faults exist in the cobalt-based solid solution. The addition of Y2O3 leads to the existence of the Y2O3 phase in the Y2O3-modified coatings. Though stacking fault exists in the Y2O3-modified coatings, its density increases. The addition of Y2O3 can refine the microstructure and can increase the wear resistance properties when its contents are less than or equal to 0.8 wt.%. However, further increase of its contents will lead to the agglomeration of undissolved Y2O3 particles at the γ-Co grain boundary, and will lead to a coarse microstructure and lower wear resistance properties.

Distribution and segregation of solute in Al_2O_3 short fiber reinforced Al-5%Cu alloy containing La by squeeze casting

Al2O3 short fiber reinforced La-bearing Al-5%Cu alloy was fabricated by squeeze casting, and the solidified structure and the solute segregation during alloy solidification were studied. The results indicated that La has been enriched near the interface which is favorable to improve the wettability between the fiber and At alloy, but the RE-rich phase was not formed at the interface. At the end of the solidification of the composites, the change of the solute in the surplus liquid phase results in the type of matrix alloy being changed because of the selective crystallization, and the segregation at the interface is finally formed. There is no special influence by La on the Cu segregation in the matrix alloy.

Individual and synergistic effect of gamma alumina（γ-Al2O3） and strontium on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-20Si alloy

An optimized combination of gamma alumina (4 wt.%) and strontium (0.1 wt.%) was incorporated in cast Al-20Si alloy to obtain fine form of silicon. During casting process, the amount of γ-Al2O3 was varied from 0.5.6 wt.% to refine primary Si and Sr was varied from 0.05.0.1 wt.% to modify eutectic Si. The results showed that the average size of primary Si is 24 μm for addition of 4 wt.%γ-Al2O3 to the alloy whereas 0.1 wt.% Sr resulted in sphericity of eutectic Si to ~0.6 and average length of ~1.2 μm. The thermal analysis revealed that γ-Al2O3 can act as potential heterogeneous nucleation sites. Moreover, simultaneous addition of γ-Al2O3 and Sr does not poison γ-Al2O3 particles and inhibit their nucleation efficiency as in the case of combined addition of phosphorous and strontium to Al-20Si alloy. Therefore, it was concluded that enhanced tensile strength, i.e., ultimate tensile strength (increase by 20%) and elongation (increase by 23%) in Al-20Si.4γ-Al2O3.0.1wt.%Sr alloy as compared to as-cast Al.20Si alloy can be attributed to refinement of primary Si, modification of eutectic Si and the presence of α(Al) in the alloy as evident from eutectic shift.

Microstructure Characteristics of Interaction Layer of Zn-Al Eutectic Alloy with Al_2O_3p/6061Al Composites

The interaction between Zn-AI eutectic alloy and Al203p/6061AI composites in the vacuum furnace was investigated. Great attention has been paid to the elements diffusion, the microstructure and formation of the interface between Zn-AI eutectic alloy and Al2O3p/6061AI composites. Experimental results show that Zn-AI eutectic alloy has a good wetting ability to Al2O3p/6061 Al composites and the wetting angle decreases with increasing the temperature in vacuum. After the interaction, an interaction layer forms between Zn-AI alloy and Al2O3p/6061 Al composites. The phases in the interaction layer mainly consist of α-AI(Zn), Al2O3 and CuZn5 resulted from the diffusion of elements from the Zn-AI alloy. Several porosities distribute in the region near the interface of the Zn-AI alloy/interaction layer. The amount of shrinkage voids in the interacting layer is relevant to the penetration of Zn element into Al2O3p/6061Al composites which is a function of temperature. So it is necessary to lower heating temperature in order to limit the Zn penetration.

Effect of SrO Content on Structure,Thermal Properties and Chemical Stability of Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO-SrO Low-melting Glass for Si-Al Alloy Package

The 40Bi2O3-30B2O3-(30-x)ZnO-xSrO (x=0-15mol%,BBZSr) glass system was prepared by the conventional melt quenching method.The effect of SrO addition on structure,thermal properties,chemical stability and sealing performance of BBZSr glass were investigated thoroughly.The experimental results show that the total proportions of [BO3] group and [BO4] group decrease and the vibrations of [BiO3] group and [BiO6] group become weaker with the increase of SrO addition content,suggesting the glass network structure is strengthened owing to the SrO addition.Hence,both the thermal and chemical stability were significantly improved as the SrO content was increased.When the SrO content increased from 0 to 15mol%,the glass transition temperature and softening temperature slightly increased from 380 to 388 ℃ and from 392.7 to 402.2 ℃,respectively,meanwhile the coefficient of thermal expansion also increased from 10.49×10^-6 to 11.16×10^-6/℃ (30-300 ℃).The BBZSr glass with 15mol% SrO exhibited excellent comprehensive properties with low glass transition temperature(384.9 ℃),low softening temperature(400.3 ℃),high coefficient of thermal expansion (11.14×10^-6 ℃,30-300 ℃),good thermal and chemical stability.Besides,the glass had the good wetting behavior and sealing performance for Al-50%Si alloy.

Effects of Yttrium Ion on Formation Mechanism of ZrO_2-Y_2O_3 Ceramic Coatings Formed by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation on Al-12Si Alloy

ZrO2-Y2O3 ceramic coating was produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation （PEO） on ZAlSil2Cu3Ni2 alloy. The microstructure and phase composition of the coating were investigated by SEM and XRD.： The results show that adding an appropriate amount of yttrium ion can improve the growing rate of ceramic coating at different oxidation stages and decrease arc voltage. The thickness of ZrO2-Y2O3 coating is 16 μn thicker than that of ZrO2 coating and the maximum oxidation rate improves by 0.6 μm/min. In addition, the arc voltage decreases from 227 to 172 V. It can be seen that the rate of oxidation firstly increases to some extent and then decreases with the content of yttrium ion increasing. The growth rate reaches the maximum while the content of yttrium ion is 0.05 g-L-1The maximum thickness is 90 μm.Compared to ZrO2 coating, the micropores of ZrO2-Y2O3 coating are less and the ceramic layer is repeatedly deposited by ZrO2 and Y2O3 ceramic particles. Meanwhile, the binding force between coating and substrate is better and the coating is uniform and compact. The ceramic layer is mainly composed of c-Y0.15Zr0.85O1.93□0.07, m-ZrO2, α-Al2O3, ,γ-Al2O3 and Y2O3. It is indicated that ZrO2 has beert fully stabilized by yttrium ion through the formation of solid solution.

Aging behavior of Al_2O_3 short fiber reinforced Al-Cu alloy composites

Al2O3 short fiber reinforced Al-Cu composites containing 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% Cu were fabricated by a squeeze casting technique. The as-cast Al2O3/Al-Cu composites were solution treated at 535 ℃ and then aged at 170, 190 and 210 ℃, respectively. Age hardening behavior of the Al2O3/Al-Cu composites was analyzed by measuring the hardness of the samples at different aging temperatures and aging time. Microstructures of the composites were observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM). The results indicate that the hardness of the Al2O3/Al-Cu composites containing 7% Cu is much higher than that containing 1%-5% Cu because of the large amount of CuAl2 precipitant in the Al2O3/Al-Cu composite. With the increase of Cu content from 1% to 7%, the time needed for the appearance of peak hardness shortened, indicating that the addition of Cu can accelerate the kinetic of CuAl2 precipitation in the Al2O3/Al-Cu composites. The Al2O3/Al-Cu composite containing 7% Cu shows the highest increment of hardness by aging treatment. Therefore, in order to get a higher peak hardness, the Al2O3/Al-Cu composites need more Cu addition as compared with the un-reinforced Al-Cu alloys.

Laser Cladding Al-Si/Al_2O_3-TiO_2 Composite Coatings on AZ31B Magnesium Alloy

To improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys, a 5 kW continuous wave CO2 laser was used to investigate the laser surface cladding on AZ31 B magnesium alloys with Al-Si/Al2O3-TiO2 composite powders. A detailed microstructure, chemical composition, and phase analysis of the composite coatings were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The laser cladding shows good metallurgical bonding with the substrate. The composite coatings are composed of Mgl7Al12, Al3Mg2, Mg2Si, Al2O3, and TiO2 phases. Compared to the average microhardness （50HV0.05） of the AZ3 1 B substrate, that of the composite coatings （230HV0.05） is improved significantly. The wear resistances of the surface layers were evaluated in detail. The results demonstrate that the wear resistances of the laser surface-modified samples are considerably improved compared to the substrate. It also show that the composite coatings exhibit better corrosion resistance than that of the substrate in 3.5wt% NaCI solution.